Property (latin: Res Privata) in the abstract is what belongs to or with something, whether as an attribute or as a component of said thing. In the context of this article, it is one or more components (rather than attributes), whether physical or incorporeal, of a person's estate; or so belonging to, as in being owned by, a person or jointly a group of people or a legal entity like a corporation or even a society. Depending on the nature of the property, an owner of property has the right to consume, alter, share, redefine, rent, mortgage, pawn, sell, exchange, transfer, give away or destroy it, or to exclude others from doing these things, as well as to perhaps abandon it; whereas regardless of the nature of the property, the owner thereof has the right to properly use it (as a durable, mean or factor, or whatever), or at the very least exclusively keep it.
In economics and political economy, there are three broad forms of property: private property, public property, and collective property (also called cooperative property). Property that jointly belongs to more than one party may be possessed or controlled thereby in very similar or very distinct ways, whether simply or complexly, whether equally or unequally. However, there is an expectation that each party's will (rather discretion) with regard to the property be clearly defined and unconditional, so as to distinguish ownership and easement from rent. The parties might expect their wills to be unanimous, or alternately every given one of them, when no opportunity for or possibility of dispute with any other of them exists, may expect his, her, its or their own will to be sufficient and absolute. The Restatement (First) of Property defines property as anything, tangible or intangible whereby a legal relationship between persons and the state enforces a possessory interest or legal title in that thing. This mediating relationship between individual, property and state is called a property regime.In sociology and anthropology, property is often defined as a relationship between two or more individuals and an object, in which at least one of these individuals holds a bundle of rights over the object. The distinction between "collective property" and "private property" is regarded as a confusion since different individuals often hold differing rights over a single object.Types of property include real property (the combination of land and any improvements to or on the land), personal property (physical possessions belonging to a person), private property (property owned by legal persons, business entities or individual natural persons), public property (state owned or publicly owned and available possessions) and intellectual property (exclusive rights over artistic creations, inventions, etc.), although the last is not always as widely recognized or enforced. An article of property may have physical and incorporeal parts. A title, or a right of ownership, establishes the relation between the property and other persons, assuring the owner the right to dispose of the property as the owner sees fit. The unqualified term "property" is often used to refer specifically to real property.
I am reading D. J. H. Garling's book: "A Course in Mathematical Analysis: Volume I: Foundations and Elementary Real Analysis ... ...
I am focused on Chapter 3: Convergent Sequences
I need some help to fully understand some remarks by Garling made after the proof of Theorem 3.1.1...
Hi. I'm learning Quantum Calculation. There is a section about controlled operations on multiple qubits. The textbook doesn't express explicitly but I can infer the following statement:
If ##U## is a unitary matrix, and ##V^2=U##, then ## V^ \dagger V=V V ^ \dagger=I##.
I had hard time...
I am reading D. J. H. Garling's book: "A Course in Mathematical Analysis: Volume I: Foundations and Elementary Real Analysis ... ...
I am focused on Chapter 3: Convergent Sequences
I need some help to fully understand the proof of Theorem 3.1.1 ...Garling's statement and proof of...
Hi, I've found this property of Strenght Field Tensors:
$$F_{\mu}^{\nu}\tilde{F}_{\nu}^{\lambda}=-\frac{1}{4}\delta_{\mu}^{\lambda}F^{\alpha\beta}\tilde{F}_{\alpha\beta}$$
Where $$\tilde{F}_{\mu\nu}=\frac{1}{2}\varepsilon_{\mu\nu\alpha\beta}F^{\alpha\beta}, \qquad \varepsilon_{0123}=1$$
I've...
I'm pondering something about properties of integrals. What can we say about the following limit?
##\lim_{t\to\infty} \int_t^{\infty } f(x) \, dx##
On one hand, the 'gap' from the lower to upper integration limit diminishes, so that would suggest the limit is always 0.
But what if f is an...
Homework Statement
A strip of width w is a part of the plane bounded by two parallel lines at distance w. The width of a set ##X \subseteq \mathbb{R}^2## is the smallest width of a strip containing ##X##. Prove that a compact convex set of width ##1## contains a segment of length ##1## in every...
2019 is the smallest number that can be expressed as sum of 3 squares of prime number in 6 different ways
2019 = $7^2+11^2+43^2$
= $7^2 + 17^2 + 41^2$
= $13^2+13^2 + 41^2$
= $11^2+23^2+37^2$
= $17^2 + 19^2 + 37^2$
=$ 23^2+23^2+31^2$
In Hebrew, one explain to me that:
"Transitivity is a property (or attribute - I don't which word is correct) of property".
So,
(1) Which word is correct?
(2) Why Transitivity is not standalone by itself?
(3) Are there relations of other kind, that no standalone by themselves?
Hello all - I am after a little help and was hoping I could find the answer here!
A property is worth $550,000 and the bank requires 20% equity is kept in the house.
To buy a second property (say $600,000 for arguments sake) the bank requires a 35% deposit. I want to calculate how much I need...
I am trying to gain a very basic understanding of voltage. I understand amps and resistance, but not voltage. I am thinking of a copper wire that is used in a basic electrical circuit to light a light bulb. Is the voltage of this wire an inherent property of copper at a given temperature...
Hello! (Wave)
I want to show that $\ell$ is the infimum of a set $A$ iff $\ell$ is a lower bound of $A$ and for each $\epsilon>0$ there exists an $a \in A$ such that $\ell+\epsilon>a$.
I have thought the following so far for the direction "$\Leftarrow$".
Let $\ell$ be a lower bound of $A$ such...
Homework Statement
Give an example of the associative property of vector addition using vectors in Cartesion form.
Homework Equations
(u+v)+w=u+(v+w)
The Attempt at a Solution
I can't figure out how to get the arrow on top of my work so I wrote it without it.
I'm somewhat confused on why I...
Firstly, please note that I am talking about the period BEFORE electricity and magnetism were unified. So I am NOT seeking for answers based on Ampere atomic current model of magnets.
I have read the following statement about the property of magnets at two different places. One from here:
and...
Homework Statement
I’m being asked to prove if and why (what instances in which) T<0 for the Laplace transform property of time shifting doesn’t hold.
Homework Equations
L{f(t-T)}=e^-aT* F(s)
The Attempt at a Solution
I know that for T<0 there are instances where the property cannot hold, but...
Homework Statement
Let G be a group, and H a subgroup of G. Let a and b denote elements of G. Prove the following:
1. ##Ha = Hb## iff ##ab^{-1} \epsilon H##.
Homework Equations
Let ##e_H## be the identity element of H.
The Attempt at a Solution
Proof: <= Suppose ##ab^{-1} \epsilon H##. Then...
We can denote the jacobian of a vector map ##\pmb{g}(\pmb{x})## by ##\nabla \pmb{g}##, and we can denote its determinant by ##D \pmb{g}##. We were asked to prove that
##\sum_j \frac{\partial ~ {cof}(D \pmb{g})_{ij}}{\partial x_j} = 0##
generally holds so long as the ##g_i## are suitably...
Say I have ##log_5(x)=log_5\left(\frac{2x+3}{2x-3}\right)##
This means that the value of the LHS and RHS are equal. I take this to mean that "5 raised to some exponent is equal to both x and ##\frac{2x+3}{2x-3}##.
I can now write this as ##x=\frac{2x+3}{2x-3}## because since the function is...
I am trying to prove that if two groups are isomorphic then one is abelian iff the other is abelian. This is a simple task, but I am a little confused about how to write it up.
Suppose that ##\phi : G \to H## is an isomorphism. Let ##a,b \in G##. Then ##ab = ba \implies \phi (a) \phi (b) = \phi...
Out of curiosity, I'm trying to find functions of a real variables such that ##f(x)f(-x) = 1##. One obvious example is ##f(x) = e^x##, and all other exponential functions. Are there any other examples? How would I go about generating them?
Homework Statement
Hi everyone! Just wondering if there's a way to prove the symmetry property of the Riemann curvature tensor $$ R_{abcd} = R_{cdab}$$ without using the anti-symmetry property $$ R_{abcd} = -R_{bacd} = -R_{abdc} $$? I'm only able to prove it with the anti-symmetry property and...
Many books sometimes for example define energy as quantity and sometimes as property. Also the definition of energy is the ability to do work or the meter of the ability to do work ? we define for example force as a quantity or as some quality and then we quantify this ?
With regard to the real number system, what is the importance of the Archimedean property and the property that the rationals are dense in ##\mathbb{R}## (which is a consequence of the Archimedean property)?
Related to this, what is the most general structure for which the Archimedean property...
Homework Statement
Homework Equations
Laplace and then inverse laplace.
The Attempt at a Solution
Laplace of U(t-to) = 1/s e^(-tos)
x(t)-->X(s)
Laplace inverse
1/s means integration.
e^(-tos) means delay on x(t) by to.
I think answer should be C
Book answer is D.
How am I wrong?
Homework Statement
Going from
ln|\frac {y-2} {y+2}| = 4x + c_2
to
\frac {y-2} {y+2} = \pm e^{4x+c_2}
Meaning, why is is \pm e^{4x+c_2}?
Homework EquationsThe Attempt at a Solution
I know that for log, you take the absolute value because ln(x) has restriction x>0
but I'm failing to...
I searched through previous posts, but did not see this question posted - but I was wondering if mass and matter are different entities. I was reading a book that said something to the effect "if this entire paper clip was converted to energy using E=mc2"... but can a proton (what I see as...
I've heard that the average homeowner in the state of Massachussetts (MA) pays about $15,000 in state property taxes per year. I believe that the standard deduction on Federal income taxes is $6,400 per year. State property taxes can be itemized on Federal income taxes. It seems to me that...
Homework Statement
Let g be a primitive root for ##\mathbb{Z}/p\mathbb{Z}## where p is a prime number.
b) Prove that ##\log_g(h_1h_2) = \log_g(h_1) + \log_g(h_2)## for all ##h_1, h_2 \epsilon \mathbb{Z}/p\mathbb{Z}##.
Homework Equations
Let x, denoted ##\log_g(h)##, be the discrete logarithm...
Hello,
Please I don't get how a Magnetometer property measurement system (MPMS) and a Superconductor quantum interference device (SQUİD) are working, can someone explain it ?
Thank you very much
Hey! :o
Two of the properties of the exterior product are the following:
- Let $\psi_1, \ldots , \psi_k, n_{1}, \ldots , n_{\ell}\in V^{\star}$ then it holds that $$\left (\psi_1\land \ldots \land \psi_k\right )\land \left (n_1\land \ldots \land n_{\ell}\right )=\psi_1\land \ldots \land...
Can we consider temperature in general as "property" without even been associated to well defined states of matter.
Like the boiling and melting points.
My book says that the real numbers are complete in the sense that they satisfy the least upper bound property. So it is the case that completeness and satisfying the l.u.b. property are equivalent by definition, or is it the case that satisfying the l.u.b. property implies completeness, meaning...
I am reading Houshang H. Sohrab's book: "Basic Real Analysis" (Second Edition).
I am focused on Chapter 2: Sequences and Series of Real Numbers ... ...
I need help with yet a further issue/problem with Theorem 2.1.45 concerning the Supremum Property (AoC), the Archimedean Property, and the...
I am reading Houshang H. Sohrab's book: "Basic Real Analysis" (Second Edition).
I am focused on Chapter 2: Sequences and Series of Real Numbers ... ...
I need help with yet a further issue/problem with Theorem 2.1.45 concerning the Supremum Property (AoC), the Archimedean Property, and the...
I am reading Houshang H. Sohrab's book: "Basic Real Analysis" (Second Edition).
I am focused on Chapter 2: Sequences and Series of Real Numbers ... ...
I need help with another issue/problem with Theorem 2.1.45 concerning the Supremum Property (AoC), the Archimedean Property, and the Nested...
I am reading Houshang H. Sohrab's book: "Basic Real Analysis" (Second Edition).
I am focused on Chapter 2: Sequences and Series of Real Numbers ... ...
I need help with another issue/problem with Theorem 2.1.45 concerning the Supremum Property (AoC), the Archimedean Property, and the Nested...
I am reading Houshang H. Sohrab's book: "Basic Real Analysis" (Second Edition).
I am focused on Chapter 2: Sequences and Series of Real Numbers ... ...
I need help with Theorem 2.1.45 concerning the Supremum Property (AoC), the Archimedean Property, and the Nested Intervals Theorem ... ...
I am reading Houshang H. Sohrab's book: "Basic Real Analysis" (Second Edition).
I am focused on Chapter 2: Sequences and Series of Real Numbers ... ...
I need help with Theorem 2.1.45 concerning the Supremum Property (AoC), the Archimedean Property, and the Nested Intervals Theorem ... ...
If we have a bottle with a fluid A of X density, and in the bottom of this bottle it magically spawns the same amount of fluid B with X/2 density, fluid B should rise in fluid A until they both change positions and fluid B floats in A.
Wich property of the fluids are the ones that determinates...
Homework Statement
I am trying to follow the attached solution to show that ##T_{p}f(\tau+1)=T_pf(\tau)##
Where ##T_p f(\tau) p^{k-1} f(p\tau) + \frac{1}{p} \sum\limits^{p-1}_{j=0}f(\frac{\tau+j}{p})##
Where ##M_k(\Gamma) ## denotes the space of modular forms of weight ##k##
(So we know that...
In how many different ways can we arrange three letters A, B, and C? There are three candidates for the third position that leaves the two remaining letters for the second position and so 3 times 2 is 6 and One is the multiplicative identity I am astonished by The commutative property of...
Let f be a function with the intermediate value property. In addition, let it have the property that |f(x)-x_n|\le M\cdot sup_{n,m}|f(x_n)-f(x_m)|, where M is a constant and x_n is a sequence converging to x. Then, can we show that f is continuous? I think we have to tackle this problem by...
An absolute value property is
$$\lvert a \rvert \geq b \iff a\leq-b \quad \text{ or } \quad a\geq b,$$ for ##b>0##.
Is this true for the case ##a=0##?
I mean if ##a=0, \lvert a \rvert =0## so ##0 \geq b##. But ##b## is supposed to be ##b>0##, so we have a contradiction.
How can this property...
By commutative, we know that ##ab = ba## for all a,b in G. Thus, why do we need to prove separately that ##a^n b^m = b^ma^n##? Isn't it the case that ##a^n## and ##b^m## are in fact elements of the group? So shouldn't the fact that they commute automatically be implied?
In an attempt to explain why a matt surface of aluminium is a better emitter/absorber of blackbody radiation than shiny surface of aluminium, my university lecturer suggested to me that:
By brushing a metal surface to create a matt finish, the surface of the metal becomes rougher.
Rougher means...
Homework Statement
Consider a real valued function f which satisfies the equation f (x+y) = f (x) . f (y) for all real numbers x and y. Prove:
f ((x + y) / 2) ≤ 1/2 (f(x) + f(y))
Homework Equations
Not sure
The Attempt at a Solution
Please give me a hint to start solving this question. I...
Homework Statement
Let G be an abelian group of order n, and let k be an nonnegative integer. If k is relatively prime to n, show that the subgroup generated by a is equal to the subgroup generated by ak
Homework EquationsThe Attempt at a Solution
I'm not sure where to start. I know that we...
I encountered this in http://calcchat.com/book/Calculus-10e/8/4/7/
How come the above expression equals the below?
What I know it should be 4 ln(x/(4+sqrt(16-x^2))) which means the -1 becomes the power of that thing inside ln.
Please help me. I really don't get it.
What is the least multiple of 2016 such that the sum of its digits is 2016.
I think the answer must be a 225 digit long number ending in 8 but do not know the exact value nor how to prove it. Any ideas. Thanks beforehand.