What is Property: Definition and 635 Discussions

Property (latin: Res Privata) in the abstract is what belongs to or with something, whether as an attribute or as a component of said thing. In the context of this article, it is one or more components (rather than attributes), whether physical or incorporeal, of a person's estate; or so belonging to, as in being owned by, a person or jointly a group of people or a legal entity like a corporation or even a society. Depending on the nature of the property, an owner of property has the right to consume, alter, share, redefine, rent, mortgage, pawn, sell, exchange, transfer, give away or destroy it, or to exclude others from doing these things, as well as to perhaps abandon it; whereas regardless of the nature of the property, the owner thereof has the right to properly use it (as a durable, mean or factor, or whatever), or at the very least exclusively keep it.
In economics and political economy, there are three broad forms of property: private property, public property, and collective property (also called cooperative property). Property that jointly belongs to more than one party may be possessed or controlled thereby in very similar or very distinct ways, whether simply or complexly, whether equally or unequally. However, there is an expectation that each party's will (rather discretion) with regard to the property be clearly defined and unconditional, so as to distinguish ownership and easement from rent. The parties might expect their wills to be unanimous, or alternately every given one of them, when no opportunity for or possibility of dispute with any other of them exists, may expect his, her, its or their own will to be sufficient and absolute. The Restatement (First) of Property defines property as anything, tangible or intangible whereby a legal relationship between persons and the state enforces a possessory interest or legal title in that thing. This mediating relationship between individual, property and state is called a property regime.In sociology and anthropology, property is often defined as a relationship between two or more individuals and an object, in which at least one of these individuals holds a bundle of rights over the object. The distinction between "collective property" and "private property" is regarded as a confusion since different individuals often hold differing rights over a single object.Types of property include real property (the combination of land and any improvements to or on the land), personal property (physical possessions belonging to a person), private property (property owned by legal persons, business entities or individual natural persons), public property (state owned or publicly owned and available possessions) and intellectual property (exclusive rights over artistic creations, inventions, etc.), although the last is not always as widely recognized or enforced. An article of property may have physical and incorporeal parts. A title, or a right of ownership, establishes the relation between the property and other persons, assuring the owner the right to dispose of the property as the owner sees fit. The unqualified term "property" is often used to refer specifically to real property.

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  1. J

    Indicator Property of the Riemann Integral

    Homework Statement Hello fellow Mathematics enthusiasts. I was hoping someone could help me with the following problem from Terry Tao's Introduction to Measure Theory: Let ##[a,b]## be an interval, and let ##f,g:[a,b] \to \mathbb{R}## be Riemann integrable. Establish the following statement...
  2. L

    Standard deviation translation property proof - confused with property

    I need to prove that $$std(x+c) = std(x)$$ I have been trying to use the properties of the mean such as $$mean(x+c) = mean(x) + c$$ I am confused on the following property of the mean, is this statement correct? $$\sum\limits_{i=1}^{i=N}(x_i - mean(\{x\}))^2 = mean(\{x\}) \\$$ If that is...
  3. Delta2

    What is the mathematical basis for understanding the wave property of particles?

    The wave property of particles (like electrons) is due to : 1) The wave function 2) The underlying fermionic field 3) Just because of the existence of de broglie waves? Or maybe someshow the above three cases are unified ?
  4. C

    Material Property Effects On Magnetic Circuit

    I'm building a linear actuator and I don't have much experience with magnetic circuits... A rough sketch of what I'm building is attached. I'm trying to determine if the materials I'm using for the shaft and shaft collar will have a detrimental effect on overall force output. Right now, my...
  5. Math Amateur

    MHB Universal Mapping Property of a Direct Sum - Knapp Pages 60-61

    I am reading Chapter 2: Vector Spaces over \mathbb{Q}, \mathbb{R} \text{ and } \mathbb{C} of Anthony W. Knapp's book, Basic Algebra. I need some help with some issues regarding the Universal Mapping Property of direct sums of vector spaces as dealt with by Knapp of pages 60-61. I am not...
  6. Deveno

    MHB The Universal Property of the Direct Product in Groups

    With groups, one often seeks to create larger groups out of smaller groups, or the reverse: break down large groups into easier-to-understand pieces. One construction often employed in this regard is the direct product. The normal way this is done is like so: The direct product of two groups...
  7. V

    Relap thermodynamic property error

    Hi I am using relap to study a blowdown transient. If I let it run it with actual heat fluxes, the program terminates with error message saying thermodynamic property error with maximum time step. Reducing the time step delays the onset of the error by a fraction of a second. Runs much longer...
  8. kelvin490

    Is entropy a state property in thermodynamics?

    The usual "proof" entropy is a state property is like that: "Consider a system which undergoes a reversible process from state 1 to state 2 along path A, and let cycle be completed along path B, which is also reversible. Since the cycle is reversible we can write: ∫1-2 δQ / T + ∫2-1 δQ / T...
  9. B

    Proving a Relation Satisfies the Transitive Property

    Homework Statement suppose f~:~A \rightarrow B be a surjective map of sets. Prove that the relation a Rb \iff f(a)=f(b) is a equivalence relation whose equivalence classes are the fibers of f. Homework Equations The Attempt at a Solution I was able to easily prove that the...
  10. B

    Geometrical interpretation of this property

    Hi there! I have the following property: If x(t) is a solution of \left\{ \begin{array}{l} \dot{x} = f(x) \\ x(t_0) = x_0 \end{array} \right. then the function y(t) = x(t+t_0) is a solution of the equation with initial data y(0) = x_0 . How could it be interpreted geometrically? Thanks!
  11. ShayanJ

    What is the proof for this property of solutions?

    The Schrodinger equation is of the form \frac{d^2 \psi}{dx^2}+[\varepsilon-v(x)] \psi=0. In a lecture, the lecturer said that if we have in a point x_0 , \psi(x_0)=\psi'(x_0)=0 , then \psi(x)=0 .(for a smooth v(x)!) Can anyone give a proof of this? Is it only for a equation of the form...
  12. evinda

    MHB Why Does Modulus Primality Matter in Congruences?

    Hey! (Smile) Is it known that if $p,q$ primes with $p \neq q$ : $$a^p \equiv a \pmod q \Rightarrow a^{p \cdot q} \equiv a^q \pmod q$$ ? If so,why is it like that? Which property is used?
  13. Salvador

    Pressure-Induced Solidification: Materials That Defy Conventional Phase Changes

    I have heard of various metals and other materials turning from solid to liquid or plasma when temperature and pressure goes up. Is there a metal or other material that goes otherwise , like turns from liquid to solid when temperature and pressure is increased? Is there a material that can...
  14. P

    Proving a property of eigenvalues and their eigenvectors.

    Homework Statement I am asked to prove that if λ is an eigenvalue of A then λ + k is an eigenvalue of A + kI. The Attempt at a Solution ## A\vec{v}=\lambda\vec{v} ## ## (A+kI)\vec{v}=\lambda\vec{v} ## ## A\vec{v}+k\vec{v} = \lambda\vec{v} ## → ## A\vec{v} = \lambda\vec{v} -...
  15. C

    Difference between physical property and physical quantity?

    Difference between physical property and physical quantity?? Hi I'm confused after reading the definitions of physical Quantity and physical property: Definition from wikipedia: physical quantity= is a physical property of a phenomenon, body or substance that can be quantified by...
  16. J

    Could Dark Matter Be A Property of Space?

    Ok, we have all read that space is expanding, especially in low mass areas between galaxies, as described by GR. And that mass bends space, like seen in gravitational lensing. My question is whether on larger scales and masses, like on the size of galaxies, space itself is warped? The properties...
  17. alexsylvanus

    Does the log property a*log(x)=log(x^a) still hold if a is even and x

    Does the log property a*log(x)=log(x^a) still hold if a is even and x I imagine that ln(-1)+ln(-1) can't equal zero, even by some mysterious magic involving complex numbers.
  18. A

    Question about a property of Sturm-Liouville problems

    Hi, In equation (7) of http://arxiv.org/pdf/gr-qc/9604038.pdf they consider a Sturm-Liouville problem of the form -(Rr')'-(8/R5)r = ω²r. with R(x) a positive function on (0, +∞) and r(x) the eigenfunction with eigenvalue ω². The goal is to show that there are negative eigenmodes...
  19. M

    MHB How Do You Prove a Specific Fourier Transform Property?

    Hey! :o Could you give me a hint how to prove the following property of the Fourier transform, when $F[f(x)]=\widetilde{f}(x)$, where $F[f(x)]$ is the Fourier transform of $f(x)$? $$F[ \widetilde{f}(x) ]= \frac{f(-k)}{2 \pi}$$ We know that: $ \widetilde{f}(k)=\int_{- \infty}^{+ \infty}{...
  20. V

    How can I write down this property of relations

    If I have a relation which is not only antisymmetric (##aRb\rightarrow{}\neg{}bRa##) but it also has a property that ##aRb\land{}bRc\rightarrow{}\neg{}cRa##. How can I be sure that this property holds for any string like that? So that ##aRb\land{}bRc\land{}cRd\rightarrow{}\neg{}dRa## without...
  21. E

    MHB The Reflection Property of a Hyperbola

    Hello, Does anyone have a reference to a proof of the reflective property of a hyperbola? I need a proof that uses the geometric definition of a hyperbola as the locus of points $X$ such that $|XF_1-XF_2|=2a$ for some fixed points $F_1$ and $F_2$ and a positive constant $a$. The proof may also...
  22. K

    Can Absolute Value Property be Proven for Real Numbers x and y?

    Homework Statement Prove that for every two real numbers x and y ##|x+y| \leq |x| + |y| ##Homework Equations The Attempt at a Solution There are three cases. The easiest ones is when they are both positive and negative. The third one I have problems with. The numbers have different sign. Say...
  23. J

    Property of the convolution product

    It is known that:\mathcal{F}\{f\ast g\}=\mathcal{F}\{f\}\mathcal{F}\{g\}\mathcal{F}\{f g\}=\mathcal{F}\{f\}\mathcal\ast{F}\{g\} But this property is valid for inverse tranform too?\mathcal{F}^{-1}\{F\ast G\}=\mathcal{F}^{-1}\{F\} \mathcal{F}^{-1}\{G\}\mathcal{F}^{-1}\{F...
  24. carllacan

    Violation of the Markov property

    Suppose we have a methereological model which describes the weather change as a Markov chain: we assume that the weather on each day depends only on the weather of the previous day. Suppose further that we extended this model so as to consider season change. defining a different transition table...
  25. S

    Why this property of the product of two matrices

    Hello, The product of a 2x5 matrix P and a 5x3 matrix B shall be a 2x3 zero matrix. P and B are all matrices of integers. P = [6 2 -5 -6 1;3 6 1 -6 -5] One possible B is [0 -4 0;3 0 0;-1 -1 3;2 -3 -2;1 1 3] This solution B has a property: det(PPt) = det(BtB) = 7778 The question is: What...
  26. B

    Are photons/light a special property?

    Photons demonstrate superposition without having to be isolated from the enviorment. My question is does this only apply to light because I know you can't observe superposition in electrons unless theyre in a vaccum. This is my question in a nutshell. Are there any other propertys that...
  27. B

    Is the wave function/packet an actual property

    Or is it a statistical calculation of where the particle could possibly be. If its a property of nature then it must have a limit, distance at which it seaces to exist. Also a second question does space time exist in QM and if it doesent then why does it exist in the classical world which it...
  28. S

    MHB Use algebraic manipulation to prove the distributivity property

    Use algebraic manipulation to prove that x+yz=(x+y)(x+z) Note that this is the distributive rule, So I have: (x + y)(x + z) = xx + xz + xy + zy = x + xz + xy + zy = x(1 + z + y) zy =x * 1 + (z + y)(zy) = x + ((zzy +...
  29. Seydlitz

    Proving the special property of diagonal matrix?

    Is it possible to prove the fact that any function of diagonal matrix is just a function of its element? I don't know how I could express the proof. I can prove that a multiplication of diagonal matrix will just be the multiplication of its element using summation notation, or diagonal matrix...
  30. P

    Is Uncertainty intrinsic property or a consequence of measurement ?

    Hello friends, Most people that I heard put uncertainty as an intrinsic property of the universe which is evident when we make a measurement. But to me it seems that intrinsic property and making a measurement are two entirely different things. If uncertainty were to be just(purely)...
  31. mrspeedybob

    How do intelectual property rights apply to scientific discoveries?

    Say for example I discovered how to unify General Relativity with Quantum Mechanics and then someone else uses this improved understanding of physics to engineer a new product which would have been impossible without it. Am I entitled to a portion of the revenue generated by the new product...
  32. U

    Drawing constant property lines on p-v/T-s/u-s diagrams

    Hi All, I'm really curious to know how we can predict the shapes of constant property lines (isenthalpic/constant internal energy/isotherms/isentropes/isobars) on any given plot, such as T-s and P-v or even u-s diagrams. Is there a rule to do so? Usually in practice we deal with p-v and T-s...
  33. L

    Klein 4-group 2 Associative property

    Homework Statement How to prove in the easiest way that Klein 4-group is associative. Homework Equations Four elements ##a^2=b^2=c^2=e^2=e##. The Attempt at a Solution If that is group with four elements, how many types of ##a*(b*c)=(a*b)*c## I need to have? 1) ##e*(e*e)=e*e=e##...
  34. C

    Positive-definite symmetric matrix satisfying a certain property

    Homework Statement We have a finite group ##G## and a homomorphism ##\rho: G \rightarrow \mathbb{GL}_n(\mathbb{R})## where ##n## is a positve integer. I need to show that there's an ##n\times n## positive definite symmetric matrix that satisfies ##\rho(g)^tA\rho(g)=A## for all ##g \in G##...
  35. U

    Property of exponentials and sine functions?

    Homework Statement x''(t)+r*x't+kx=0 Suppose that for some initial conditions the solution is given by x=e^(-2t)*(3cos(t)+4sin(t)) What are are and k? Homework Equations See aboveThe Attempt at a Solution I've tried to "brute force" the solution simply by sticking the expression for x...
  36. M

    Show Idempotence of T:R^3 to R^3 Transformation

    How do you show that a linear transformation is idempotent? T:R^3 to R^3 T (x y z)^T = (0.5 (x-z) , y, 0.5 (z-x)) I have no idea where to begin. I know a few facts about idempotent properties e.g such as their eigenvalues are...
  37. R

    MHB Approximation property with F sigma and G delta Sets to show a set is measurable

    Prove that a set $A\subset\mathbb{R}^n$ is (Lebesgue) measurable $\iff$ there exist a set $B$ which is an $F_{\sigma}$ and a set $C$ which is a $G_{\delta}$ such that $B\subset A\subset C$ and $C$~$B$ (C without B) is a null set. $F_{\sigma}$ is a countable union of closed sets, and...
  38. E

    Is \(\frac{a/b}{c/d} = \frac{ad}{bc}\) Always True in Mathematics?

    Homework Statement The statement that is purported to be true is \frac{a/b}{c/d} = \frac{ad}{bc}Homework Equations The Attempt at a Solution So, I am going along with my proof, and I believe it to be going nicely. However, there is one step that I am unsure of: \frac{\frac{a}{b} d}{c} =...
  39. U

    How did the variable change in the Dirac-Delta function property equation?

    I'm not sure how they got the RHS of equation 349: where did the |y'(xj)| in the denominator come from? According to (343) the RHS is only f(x0) which in this case is the jth term of the sum that gives y(xj) = 0..
  40. skate_nerd

    MHB Property of greatest common denominators proof

    This problem has been taunting me for days now, and I still have no idea of where to start with it... Let \(m\) and \(n\) be non-zero integers. We say that \(k\) is a common divisor of \(m\) and \(n\) if \(k|m\) and \(k|n\). The greatest common divisor of \(m\) and \(n\), denoted as...
  41. Sudharaka

    MHB Direct Sum Property: Proving Uniqueness

    Hi everyone, :) I encountered this question and thought about it several hours. I am writing down my answer. I would greatly appreciate if somebody could find a fault in my answer or else confirm it is correct. :) Problem: Let \(V_1,\,\cdots,\,V_k\) be subspaces in a vector space \(V\)...
  42. T

    Mechanical property of quasicrystals

    Are there anybody doing some research on quasicrystals ,especially its mechanical property? I am just wondering why so few people are working on it,because intuitively I think quasicrystals will have a bright future. So what do you think of quasicrystals? Is it worthy of research? I want...
  43. A

    Rational functions and link with direct substitution property

    Homework Statement Hello, I know the direct substitution property in calculus. But, the definition of a rational function still confuses me. For example, are these rational functions: y=(x^2+2x+1)/(x+1) y=((x^2+2)^(1/2))/(x+1) The denominator of the first one could cancel. So...
  44. skate_nerd

    Proving a property of the dirac delta function

    Homework Statement Prove this theorem regarding a property of the Dirac Delta Function: $$\int_{-\infty}^{\infty}f(x)\delta'(x-a)dx=-f'(a)$$ (by using integration by parts) Homework Equations We know that δ(x) can be defined as...
  45. M

    Mathematical Physics: Bessel functions of the first kind property

    I ran into some formula: ^{a}_{0}∫J_{o}(kr) rdr= a/k J_{1}(ka) How can this be true? What property was used?
  46. O

    Need help showing important tangent plane property:

    Homework Statement Consider the tangent surface of some regular differentiable curve given as X(t,v) = \alpha(t) + v \alpha'(t) . Show that the tangent planes along X(t,constant) are equal. Homework Equations N = \frac{X_{t} \wedge X_{v}}{|X_{t} \wedge X_{v}|} The general tangent...
  47. Sudharaka

    MHB Is the continuous map property preserved under taking limit points?

    Hi everyone, :) Trying hard to do a problem recently, I encountered the following question. Hope you can shed some light on it. :) Suppose we have a continuous mapping between two metric spaces; \(f:\, X\rightarrow Y\). Let \(A\) be a subspace of \(X\). Is it true that, \[f(A')=[f(A)]'\]...
  48. G

    MHB A proof of a general property of norms

    So I have been asked to prove a result that is supposedly valid for any norm on any vector space. The statement to prove is: | ||x|| - ||y|| | <= ||x - y|| The problem is, I have no idea where to start with this proof. Maybe I'm missing some fundamental property of norms, but it seems that...
  49. X

    Thermodynamics property calculation

    Homework Statement Air has a temperature of 227 Celsius and a pressure of 1000 kPa. Determine the internal energy, quality, enthalpy, and specific volume if it exists. Homework Equations A state is defined by two properties. All other properties can be derived from two independent...
  50. D

    MHB Determinant Property: Seen it Before? True?

    Has anyone seen this before? Is this true? $$ \begin{vmatrix} a & b+c & 1\\ b & a+c & 1\\ c & a+b & 1 \end{vmatrix} = \begin{vmatrix} a & b & 1\\ b & a & 1\\ c & a & 1 \end{vmatrix} + \begin{vmatrix} a & c & 1\\ b & c & 1\\ c & b & 1 \end{vmatrix} $$ In this example this works but I don't know...
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