Property (latin: Res Privata) in the abstract is what belongs to or with something, whether as an attribute or as a component of said thing. In the context of this article, it is one or more components (rather than attributes), whether physical or incorporeal, of a person's estate; or so belonging to, as in being owned by, a person or jointly a group of people or a legal entity like a corporation or even a society. Depending on the nature of the property, an owner of property has the right to consume, alter, share, redefine, rent, mortgage, pawn, sell, exchange, transfer, give away or destroy it, or to exclude others from doing these things, as well as to perhaps abandon it; whereas regardless of the nature of the property, the owner thereof has the right to properly use it (as a durable, mean or factor, or whatever), or at the very least exclusively keep it.
In economics and political economy, there are three broad forms of property: private property, public property, and collective property (also called cooperative property). Property that jointly belongs to more than one party may be possessed or controlled thereby in very similar or very distinct ways, whether simply or complexly, whether equally or unequally. However, there is an expectation that each party's will (rather discretion) with regard to the property be clearly defined and unconditional, so as to distinguish ownership and easement from rent. The parties might expect their wills to be unanimous, or alternately every given one of them, when no opportunity for or possibility of dispute with any other of them exists, may expect his, her, its or their own will to be sufficient and absolute. The Restatement (First) of Property defines property as anything, tangible or intangible whereby a legal relationship between persons and the state enforces a possessory interest or legal title in that thing. This mediating relationship between individual, property and state is called a property regime.In sociology and anthropology, property is often defined as a relationship between two or more individuals and an object, in which at least one of these individuals holds a bundle of rights over the object. The distinction between "collective property" and "private property" is regarded as a confusion since different individuals often hold differing rights over a single object.Types of property include real property (the combination of land and any improvements to or on the land), personal property (physical possessions belonging to a person), private property (property owned by legal persons, business entities or individual natural persons), public property (state owned or publicly owned and available possessions) and intellectual property (exclusive rights over artistic creations, inventions, etc.), although the last is not always as widely recognized or enforced. An article of property may have physical and incorporeal parts. A title, or a right of ownership, establishes the relation between the property and other persons, assuring the owner the right to dispose of the property as the owner sees fit. The unqualified term "property" is often used to refer specifically to real property.
Hello,
according to my book of 'Geometric Algebra' the operation of Left-Contraction for Blades has a distributive property in respect to addition. However the authors do not prove it, nor they give the smallest hint on how to derive it.
The property says that...
Sources say if lines are parallel they will repel else try and merge which I don't agree and even see practically.
Suppose we have 2 opposite charges facing each other, the lines are parallel, they should repel.
Similarly if 2 equal charges are facing each other, the direction of the lines...
Hi there,
i was wondering if you had any thoughts on the following question:
Let (a_{1}, a_{2}, ..., a_{2n}) be a permutation of {1, 2, ..., 2n} so that |a_{i} - a_{i+1}| \neq |a_{j} - a_{j+1}| , whenever i \neq j .
Show that a_{1} = a_{2n} + n, if 1 \leq a_{2i} \leq n for i = 1,2, ..., n
The derivative of arctan(x) is \frac{1}{x^2+1}
The derivative of arctan(x - sqrt(x^2 + 1) is \frac{1}{2(x^2+1)}
take arctan(x) to be A and arctan(x-sqrt(x^2 + 1)) to be B.
A'=\frac{1}{x^2+1}
B'=\frac{1}{2}*A'
Why doesn't \frac{1}{2}*A=B?
If you'd like, I can prove the derivative...
I'm just learning about the "spin" property of particles but I'm a little confused. What exactly is the "spin" property of particles and why is it important? Thanks for the help!
1. How to solve -1<1/(x+1)<2
2. Now if I switched both sign and took the reciprocal such as 1/-1>(x+1)/1>1/2 I get the right answer: x<-2 and x>-1/2.
3. Without using the reciprocal property would be lengthy and confusing, but I have very little and contradictory information found...
Considering the visual representation of an electric/magnetic field (by 'line of forces'), is this fact about the properties of lines of force true? -
"Each line of force has equal strength"
The websites/books are pretty timid in reviling the properties of lines of forces...at least for E.Fs.
Im a new student and I have searched high and low for a clear explanation as to why electrons and protons have something called charge.
So far my basic understanding stands at
1. Charge is a fundamental conserved property of certain particles like electrons and protons.
2. This...
Orthogonality Property of Hyperbolic functions ?
Hi all,
I have seen Orthogonal property for trigonomeric functions but I am unsure if there is something similar for sinh() , cosh() ? . I know that the integral of inner product of the two functions should be zero for them to be...
I have a problem, in Newton's second law F=m*a in inertial frame. In the accelerated frame a mass should be affected by a inertial force, but the force in the original inertial frame don't change, so real force is just like the temperature and will be the same in different frames?
Thermodynamics: property tables HELP!
Homework Statement
1 kg of R-134a fills a 0.14m^3 weighted piston cylinder device at a temperature of -26.4C. The container is now heated until the temp is 100C.
Determine the final volume.
The Attempt at a Solution
So the boiling point is -26.1...
Crud, it looks we have a coyote nesting in the brush next to our property. I saw it this morning as I was walking down to the office. Bad news for our kitties. :frown: And right now I don't know where Little Tyke is, but she usually is out this time of the morning.
I was afraid of this. Once...
Homework Statement
How do you show that int[delta(t)]dt from negative infinity to infinity is 1?
Homework Equations
Dirac delta function defined as infinity if t = 0, 0 otherwise
The Attempt at a Solution
My teacher said that it has to do with m->infinity for the following...
Homework Statement
The boiling points (ºC) of methanol, ethanol, 1-propanol, 1-butanol, and 1-pentanol are 64.7, 78.5, 97.2, 117 to 118, 137.5, respectively. The melting points are -97.8, -114.1, -1277.0, -90.0, and -79.0, respectively. Explain these trends with reference to molecular...
I have to prove that for all k,m,n \in N that if m+k = n+k, then m=n.
The problem mentions that I must prove this by induction.
I did the base case k = 0: If m+0 = n+0, by identity m=n.
Then I attempt to show that m+1 = n+1 implies m=n, but I am stuck, I don't see how induction can be...
Homework Statement
Give a proof for the operation * is commutative being a structural property.
Homework Equations
The Attempt at a Solution
* is commutative
I know this means that I have to show (a*b)*c=a*(b*c)
I'm not sure where to go now
Hi!
I wonder how to prove that if y(t)=sin(t) solves an autonomous ODE f(y,y',...,y^(n))=0, then x(t)=cos(t) is also a solution.
I mean I'm a bit distracted by the fact that all derivatives of y are present here. For example in the equation for a pendulum there are just y and y'' and a...
Matrix multiplication: Commutative property.
Hello,
First time poster.
I have got a question about commutative property of matrix multiplication.
Literature says that matrix multiplication is communicative only when the two matrices are diagonal.
But, I have a situation with an...
Homework Statement
Let X be a topological space, a subset S of X is said to be locally closed if
S is the intersection of an open set and a closed set, i.e
S= O intersection C where O is an open set in X and C is a closed set in X
Prove that if M,N are locally closed subsets then M...
What does orthonormality of a basis set i.e. {χ_i} stand for? I am reading the Mulliken Population Analysis and there are integrals that are simplified by this property of basis sets and I can't quite catch what is it.
Forgive me if this sounds a little uninformed but in the world of academia or engineering or work and what-have-you, how does intellectual property? When a company hires you to design something, say a motor, do they own all work that you produce in that given time? What about if I work on...
Dual "wave-particle' property of electrons
I know that electrons get a dual 'wave-particle' property. I wonder if the velocity of the electrons is different, is that the diffraction pattern in the experiment proving that electrons get wave property differ? Also, is that electron gets a definite...
Homework Statement
If F(k)=TF\{f(x)\},k\neq 0 where TF is the Fourier transform ,and
F(0)=\frac{1}{\sqrt{2\pi}}\int_{-\infty}^{\infty}f(u)du\neq 0 ,
show that
TF\{\int_{-\infty}^{x}f(u)du\}=-i \frac{F(k)}{k} +\pi F(0)\delta(k)
Homework Equations
The Attempt at a...
I'm having trouble coming to terms with the following:
ln x^n = n ln x
Which is all nice and well until I tried
ln(x + 6) = 2 ln x
which is true for x = 3.
however, 2 ln x = ln x^2 .. so
ln(x + 6) = ln x^2
.. which is true for x = 3 AND x = -2.
so the two different ways...
Homework Statement
Let (G, °) be a group such that the mapping f from G into G defined by f(a) = a^(-1) is a homomorphism. Show that (G, °) is abelian.
The Attempt at a Solution
f(a) = a^(-1)
f(a^(-1)) = f(a)^(-1) = (a^-1)^-1 = a
in order for a group to be abelian it needs to...
Homework Statement
Let f be continuous on [a,b] and suppose that f(x) \geq 0 for all x Є [a,b]
Prove that if there exists a point c Є [a,b] such that f(c) > 0 , then
\int_{a}^{b} f > 0
Homework Equations
The Attempt at a Solution
Using my books notation,
Suppose P =...
Hi all,
I have some questions about photons. I'm at the end of the semester of PhysII in the quantum mechanics section and I'm trying to understand how photons determine the property of an electromagnetic wave. The way the textbook describes it the electromagnetic waves are made up of...
Homework Statement
Suppose that f:R->Q (reals to rationals) is a ring homomorphism. Prove that f(x)=0 for every x in the reals.
Homework Equations
Homomorphisms map the zero element to the zero element.
f(0) = 0
Homomorphisms preserve additive inverses.
f(-a)=-f(a)
and finally...
The twin primes 5 and 7 are such that one half their sum is a perfect number. Are there any other twin primes with this property?
It works for p=5. I think it should be of the form 1/2*(p+P+2). Is this true? How can I prove it?
Thx
Homework Statement
Prove that if f(x) satisfies the functional equation f(x+y) = f(x) + f(y) and if f is continuous then f(x) = cx for some constant c.
Homework Equations
N/A
The Attempt at a Solution
Assume |f(a)| > |ca| for some a in the domain of f. Since f is continuous at...
Statement to prove:
If x > 0, show there exists n in N (the set of all natural numbers) such that 1/(2^n) < x.
My work on the proof so far:
Let x > 0. By the Archimedian Property, we know if ε > 0, there exists an n in N such that 1/n < ε.
Take x = ε . So there exists an n in N such that...
If all subgroups of a group are normal, is the group abelian?
I know that the answer is NO...
Can you give a counter-example..?
Better still can you logically deduce some property the counter-example must have, which will ease our way to finding it...
Homework Statement
Hi, I need to prove that if S is a skew-symmetric matrix with NXN dimension and B is any square real-valued matrix, therefore the product of transpose(B), S, and B is also askew symmetric matrix
Homework Equations
This is what I know so far.
1.Transpose(S) = -S...
Homework Statement
V is a linear space over C, finite n-dimensional
h: VxV \rightarrow C is an Hermitian Product, POSITIVE DEFINED
and so
(V,h) Hermitian Space
---------------------------------------------------------------
L: V \rightarrow V, is a Linear Endomorphism of V...
I am trying to show that if X is a topological space, ~ an equivalence relation on X and q:X-->X/~ the quotient map (i.e. q(x)=[x]), then the quotient topology on X/~ (U in X/~ open iff q^{-1}(U) open in X) is characterized by the following universal property:
"If f:X-->Y is continuous and...
Here's something I know there must be a way to easily figure out... but not by me!
THE QUESTION...
if I have x number of categories to choose from, how many combinations can I get?
for example I think that if I had 4 categories there are 15 possible combinations
categories A, B, C, D...
From wikipedia:
In metaphysics, impenetrability is the name given to that quality of matter whereby two bodies cannot occupy the same space at the same time. The philosopher John Toland argued that impenetrability and extension were sufficient to define matter, a contention strongly disputed by...
A book I was reading advocated that anyone who was interested in buying land in a rural area find out how much the property taxes on the land are before buying any land.
How does one find out what the property taxes will be for a given amount of land?
I'm looking for a gas property software which is used for turbine/expander. Below are the basic requirements for the tool:
Inputs:
Inlet pressure, inlet temperature, discharge pressure, mass flow, process components & compositions.
Outputs:
Isentropic head, density at inlet...
Homework Statement
More of a simple nomenclature question than a physics question:
Is there a specific name for the property of gas that says gas will expand to fill the volume and shape of its container? Or is it just called one of the basic properties of gas?
Homework Equations
N/A
The...
Can someone elaborate?
Let I = [0,1], A = {0, 1, 1/2, 1/3, 1/4, \cdots}. Show that the homotopy extension property does not hold on the pair (I, A).
Thanks in advance,
A
i have got 3 questions...
What is material property orientation in orthotropic materials...in what way it differs from material distribution with respect to two or three planes?..and how does it affect the material behaviour?
For which property is the value greater for a solution of a nonvolatile solute than for the pure solvent? a.boiling point b.freezing point c.triple point d.vapor pressure
Please explain the answer. thanks
I'm learning how to program with Ruby and would like some brains to pick.
Here's the context:
class Run_Record
def initialize
@run_number=gets
@time=gets
##in the future this will be more complicated
end
def property(arg)
#?
end
end
new_run=Run_Record.new
p...
Using a small germanium gamma ray detector I have been collecting data on some newly acquired gamma decay sources. The program I have been using gives me a plot of counts vs energy (well channel, but the channels are proportional to the energy) Thus after collecting data I have a bell shaped...
Let D =
[d11 d12]
[d21 d22]
be a 2x2 matrix. Prove that D commutes with all other 2x2
matrices if and only if d12 = d21 = 0 and d11 = d22.
I know if we can prove for every A, AD=DA should be true, but I really don't know how to proceed from there. I tried equating elements of AD with...