What is Translation: Definition and 231 Discussions

Translation is the communication of the meaning of a source-language text by means of an equivalent target-language text. The English language draws a terminological distinction (which does not exist in every language) between translating (a written text) and interpreting (oral or signed communication between users of different languages); under this distinction, translation can begin only after the appearance of writing within a language community.
A translator always risks inadvertently introducing source-language words, grammar, or syntax into the target-language rendering. On the other hand, such "spill-overs" have sometimes imported useful source-language calques and loanwords that have enriched target languages. Translators, including early translators of sacred texts, have helped shape the very languages into which they have translated.Because of the laboriousness of the translation process, since the 1940s efforts have been made, with varying degrees of success, to automate translation or to mechanically aid the human translator. More recently, the rise of the Internet has fostered a world-wide market for translation services and has facilitated "language localisation".

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  1. G

    Solving Second-Order ODE: Transformation & Choosing s(x)

    Every second order linear ODE a(x)y''+b(x)y'+c(x)y=F(x) can be transformed into the forms; u''+g(x)u=h(x) divide whole equation to a(x) and choose y(x)=u(x)^(e^s(x)) but how i choose s(x) ?Please help...
  2. M

    What Causes the Moment About Point A in an Inclined Bar Translation?

    Homework Statement I have a question on pure translation of inclined bar. The problem statement is: A homogenous slender bar with a mass of 4 kg and a length of 500mm being pushed along the smooth horizontal surface by a horizontal force P=60N. Determine the angle θ for translation. What is...
  3. M

    Inclined Bar Translation: Understanding the Physical Meaning of Moments

    I have a question on pure translation of inclined bar. The problem statement is: A homogenous slender bar with a mass of 4 kg and a length of 500mm being pushed along the smooth horizontal surface by a horizontal force P=60N. Determine the angle θ for translation. What is the accompanying...
  4. B

    Impulse given to 7 cm uniform thin stick. Translation and rotation happen

    Homework Statement A uniform thin rod 7.0 cm long with a mass of 40.0 g lies on frictionless horizontal table. It is struck with horizontal impulse at right-angle to its length, at a point 2.0 cm from one end. If the impulse is 8.5 mN*s: describe the resulting motion of the stick...
  5. S

    How Do Rotation and Translation Affect a Pool Ball's Movement?

    Homework Statement I am still - STILL - looking for the rotation-translation equation. You guys have a clue? If a pool ball (radius 57mm, mass 160g) has a forward rotation of 300mm / s and backspin of 6 pi rad / s (which is 1074mm / s at the point of contact)... after one second, what are the...
  6. G

    Can You Translate This Chinese Text to English?

    Can anyone please translate the Chinese text in the following picture link to English? http://img8.imageshack.us/img8/3382/chineset.jpg
  7. K

    Translation in Spherical Coordinates

    Hello, this one is doing my head in. I'm trying to plot and play with wavefunctions by moving the originm, but i need to do it in spherical coordinates. Suppose i have a function G(r',theta',phi'), centered at the origin of the system r',theta',phi'. I also have a similar...
  8. H

    Rotation and translation of a cylinder

    Homework Statement A homogenous cylinder with radius R and mass M is resting, with the axis vertical, on a horizontal surface, which can be asumed to be completely slippery. A string is partially wound around the cylinder. The string then runs over a pulley at the end of the table, in the same...
  9. M

    Landau quantization and magnetic translation

    I am trying to learn the integer quantum hall effect and have a pretty straightforward question. I understand that the normal translation group does not commute with the Landau Hamiltonian. Does this mean that if you have a state in the lowest Landau level (LLL) and apply the translation...
  10. S

    Rotational kinetic energy versus translation kinetic energy?

    I don't remember learning this in my C Physics Mechanics class which is odd since it seems pretty important. In the case where you have one object colliding with another object off its center of mass, how do you tell how much of the energy from the collision goes into rotational kinetic energy...
  11. K

    Describing translation and rotation

    What will be the path of a rod (of some mass and moment of inertia) in space if a rocket is attached at one end (at some angle)?
  12. R

    Voltage Translation: Can a Capacitor Do It?

    Hello. I wish to transfer very thin pulses ( 0, 5V, 100 ns) to the base of a transistor which emitter is at -70 V (and base correctly DC polarized). I don't want to use traditionnal translater circuit using npn+pnp transistors, but just a capacitor (supporting the voltage difference). Is there...
  13. M

    Understanding the Movement of a Sphere on a Frictionless Surface

    http://cheeseparade.com/diagram.png Imagine a sphere on a frictionless surface. A string is attached to the top of the sphere, as shown. If a force is applied to the string, how will the sphere move? Will there be any torque at all, even though there is no friction? Or will the sphere move in...
  14. U

    Laplace Transformation, Translation Property

    Can anyone do a very comprehensive breakdown of the Laplace translation property for me? I don't understand how to apply it: L[eat f(t)] = L[f(t)] s-> s-a Here is a specific problem that applies it: Homework Statement Y(s) = 4/(s+1)3 + 1/(s+1)2 + 2/(s+1) I need to perform an inverse Laplace...
  15. F

    Rotation and translation (of life importance)

    A rotating disc moves in the positive direction of the x axis. Find the equation y(X) describing the position of the instantaneous axis of rotation, if at the initial moment the axis C of the disc was located at the point O after which it moved (A) with a constant velocity v, while the disc...
  16. S

    Engineering Translation software

    Hi all! I need an Engineering Translation software to convert a textbook from French to English. A normal online translator will not translate the technical terms properly. Could you provide me with links for free download or help me in any other possible way? I'm having lots of difficulties to...
  17. S

    2-Way Interaction between Rotation and Translation

    I've seen dozens of examples of well-made games and demonstrations that seem to handle this concept perfectly well, and yet I can't find a documented method to approaching it. Basically, a tire on an incline will begin to roll rather than slide down the slope, but a spinning tire dropped on a...
  18. K

    Rotation and Translation Combined. Hockey Stick.

    Homework Statement A hockey stick is projected along ice floor such that it possesses rotation about its center of mass as well as translation of it center of mass. Due to friction present, its translation comes to a stop after some time. Why is it that both translational and rotational motion...
  19. G

    Rolling as Translation and Rotation Combined

    Homework Statement An automobile traveling at 30.0 km/h has tires of 85.0 cm diameter. (b) If the car is brought to a stop uniformly in 15.0 complete turns of the tires (without skidding), what is the magnitude of the angular acceleration of the wheels? (In part a I found the angular...
  20. M

    Eigenfunctions of translation operator and transposed operator property proof

    Homework Statement Find the eigenfunctions and eigenvalues of the translation operator \widehat{T_{a}} Translation operator is defined as \widehat{T_{a}}\psi(x)=\psi(x+a) (you all know that, probably you just call it differently) Homework Equations The eigenvalue/eigenfunction equation is...
  21. V

    Translation operator expansion

    Excuse me my lack of expertise, but it is very curious. Recently, I have https://www.physicsforums.com/showthread.php?t=54055", which I qualify 'absolutely amaizing' when I read it. It almost satisfies my curiosity on Laplace because I can almost understand it, except the shift operator. The...
  22. mnb96

    Scaling and Translation Invariance

    Let's say I have a vector x in \mathcal{R}^3. Let's also suppose that any vector x undergoes the transformation x' = kx (where k is a positive real). Obviously, normalizing the vector will give us a quantity which is invariant to uniform scaling. In fact, \frac{\mathbf{x'}}{|\mathbf{x'}|} =...
  23. A

    A Rotation with Translation Movement is standalone natural phenomenon.

    Please look into this site http://knol.google.com/k/alex-belov/paradox-of-classical-mechanics-2/1xmqm1l0s4ys/9# The experiment 2 animations This is animation based on classical mechnics laws http://mysite.verizon.net/vze27vxm/sim.gif This is animation based on theory of...
  24. E

    How can we represent tensors in conformal model?

    Let's say I have two coordinate system in first-rank tensor form: x^{\mu}=\left[\begin{matrix} x \\ y \\ z \end{matrix}\right] and x^{\mu^\prime}=\left[\begin{matrix} x^\prime \\ y^\prime \\ z^\prime \end{matrix}\right] and I want to translate the origin of x^{\mu^\prime} from the origin to...
  25. C

    Energy of translation and energy of rotation

    Homework Statement How would you go about figuring out the ratio of components (rotational and translational energy) of total kinetic energy? Homework Equations The Attempt at a Solution i started with KEtotal=KEr+KEtr. KEr=1/2Iw^2; KEtr=1/2mv^2 use I for a disk-I=1/2mr^2 I put...
  26. M

    How to show that motion of a rigid body = translation + rotation

    We all learn in the introductory mechanics class that the motion of a rigid body can be composed of a rotation and a translation. But how can one prove this? I mean: Let us have some rigid body in two configurations in space, how can I show that I can transform one configuration to another by...
  27. Z

    Group generated by a nonzero translation

    Let G1 be the group generated by a nonzero translation and G2 be the group generated by a glide reflection. Show that G1 and G2 are isomorphic. Here is how I started: G1 = <Tb> where b\in C and Tb(z) = z+b G2 = <ML \circ Tc> where c and L are parallel to each other. Let's define a function...
  28. H

    Inertia Translation Rotation Moments And Couples, car on accelerating Treadmill

    I have been asked to come up with a formula by a rather persistent person who is Addiment that a wheel on an accelerating treadmill attached to a mass (such as a car) would not produce enough translational force to move the Car. The Question as posed to that persons; Please forgive any and...
  29. S

    Is transcription a subprocess of translation in protein synthesis?

    Homework Statement Is transcription a subprocess of translation in protein synthesis? The Attempt at a Solution I know that transcripition consists of four processes 1. activation 2. initiatian 3. elongenation 4. termination I know that protein synthesis consists the following...
  30. K

    How Does Momentum Translate in Quantum Mechanics?

    Homework Statement Prove the following: |\vec{p}\rangle = \exp\left[i\vec{p} \cdot \hat{\vec{x}} / \hbar\right] |\vec{p}=\vec{0}\rangle Where |\vec{p}\rangle is any eigenstate of the momentum operator \hat{\vec{p}}. Homework Equations See above. The Attempt at a Solution...
  31. E

    Conceptual question about torque translation

    Homework Statement I was just thinking about the fact that torque = rxF = I*alpha when there is no translation. Suppose that I had a lever (length 2r) with a pivot in the middle, and I attached a weight of mass m on the end. The torque would be rmg and the angular acceleration would be...
  32. Z

    Translation of Sartre's L'Etre et La Neant

    I just started reading a translation of Sartre's L'Etre et La Neant (Being and Nothingness). I have to read it in order to full analyse Huis Clos (No Exit) also by Sartre. It's all for a ridiculous senior paper in English (HS). Basically, from what I've read so far in Being and Nothingness...
  33. J

    Bloch's theorem and diagonalization of translation operator

    I'm now interested in a Schrödinger's equation \Big(-\frac{\hbar^2}{2m}\partial_x^2 + V(x)\Big)\psi(x) = E\psi(x) where V does not contain infinities, and satisfies V(x+R)=V(x) with some R. I have almost already understood the Bloch's theorem! But I still have some little problems...
  34. DaveC426913

    Translation E>F: Choose One - Quick!

    Quick! I need a translation for Choose one: (As in: please choose one of the following options) Google tells me the literal translation is choisir un but that doesn't mean it is semantically correct. (As a developer, I know that the French have 47,000 different ways of saying the same thing.)...
  35. M

    English translation please in math

    Base of the system problems, please help What is the base of the system in which 121 represents the same number as the decimal number 324? [b] I need someone to tell what this thing is saying thank you.
  36. C

    Graph x^4: Learn How to Plot the Equation

    How do you graph x^4? I understand that x^2 is over 1 up 1 over 1 up 3 over 1 up 5 etc... But for x^4? What is it? When I plugged it into the calculator the graphs were totally different? Help?
  37. B

    Classical -> Quantum Generator of Translation

    Hi all, I've posted a little bit here in the past but I don't think anyone's going to really remember me from those. I hope to come back more frequently now, especially since I've now learned how to use the TEX feature. There was a post with members asking somewhat similar questions a couple...
  38. H

    What is the tension in the string immediately above the block?

    [SOLVED] Rotation and Translation Homework Statement A uniform cylinder of mass M=21.3 kg and radius R = 18.1 cm rests on a horizontal table-top. The cylinder can rotate about a frictionless axle that has a light handle connected to it. A light string passes over a disk shaped pulley of mass...
  39. J

    How Do I Calculate the Speed at Point D with Translation and Rotation?

    Heres the diagram for the problem... http://img78.imageshack.us/img78/3248/35090397eg3.jpg heres my work... http://img141.imageshack.us/img141/8352/33iw6.jpg I made my conversions... I am starting by finding the speed at D...its not zero because of the angular velocity...but I am...
  40. M

    Pulley Motion Analysis: Determining Tension in a String

    Hey, I will post the actual question later. First of all I would like to just make sure I have interpreted the question correctly. The Question (a) By considering the motion of A, find, in terms of m and g, the tension in the string. What is it actually asking me here? In terms of...
  41. pellman

    Time translation in the heisenberg picture?

    A fundamental quantity that we calculate with QM is \langle \Phi|\Psi\rangle-- the probability amplitude for observing a system to be in state |\Phi\rangle given that it is in state |\Psi\rangle. In the Schrodinger picture the states are time-dependent and we can ask, "What is the probability...
  42. N

    Strafe and translation vectors in a 3d physics simulator

    I'm working on a 3d physics simulator, and I'm trying to build a nice, easy-to-use camera into it. Currently, the camera allows you to specify inputs that modify (among other things such as zoom) its pitch, yaw, roll, strafe, movement, and elevation. The way it currently works is this: The...
  43. G

    Webpage title: Calculating Distance Between Nodes in a Standing Wave on a String

    The question is: "Two traveling waves are superposed on the same string. Waves are y1=Asin (ωt−kx) and y2=Asin(ωt+kx).The distance between adjacent nodes of the resulting standing wave is: " This is the question I have tried to solve. I know that the distance between two nodes is 2pii. Then...
  44. Jim Kata

    Time translation invariance and the vacuum state

    I kind of get the connection, but could someone elaborate the necessity for time translation invariance for the existence of a unique vacuum state.
  45. T

    What is the English translation for Einsatzunghomöomorphismus in German?

    Can anyone identify the word something like "Einsatzunghomöomorphismus", and give me the english translation? It is the homeomorphism where you evaluate the elements by plugging elements from another space. Well, that is not a good sentence... Suppose you consider the polynomial...
  46. J

    Momentum as the generator of translation

    Hi all, I'm trying to convince myself that momentum is the correct infinitesimal generator for translations. In his book, Sakurai justifies this assertion by making an analogy between the translation operator acting on the ket-space \mathcal{T}(d\mathbf{x}) : \mathcal{H} \to \mathcal{H} ...
  47. P

    Understanding Sequences with Finitely Many Terms of 1

    Homework Statement What does this mean: Set A consists of those sequences all but finitely many of whose terms are 1. The Attempt at a Solution In set A every sequence constains 1 somewhere but only finitely many terms are 1.
  48. H

    Translation of euler angles into rotation around arbitrary axis

    i have an orientation of a 3d object in space given by theeta, si and phi i.e. angles which the objects makes with respect to three axis. Now i want to translate the problem such that i get an arbitrary axis rotation about which to some calculated degrees would produce same orientation...
  49. K

    Graphing x(t): Simple Stretch & Translation

    For the Graph... x(t)=1+2cos(pi/3(t+1)) First i just draw a graph of cos and than... It is just a simple stretch of 1 in the y-direction and a translation of 1 to the left ... correct?
  50. K

    QM: translation and rotation operators : what's the point?

    Homework Statement I understand, mathematically, that the translation operator (both for infinitesimal and finite translations) can be written as a function of the momentum operator. It is said then that momentum "generates" translation. Similiary, the rotation operator can be written as a...
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