What is Fire: Definition and 305 Discussions

Fire is the rapid oxidation of a material in the exothermic chemical process of combustion, releasing heat, light, and various reaction products.
Fire is hot because the conversion of the weak double bond in molecular oxygen, O2, to the stronger bonds in the combustion products carbon dioxide and water releases energy (418 kJ per 32 g of O2); the bond energies of the fuel play only a minor role here. At a certain point in the combustion reaction, called the ignition point, flames are produced. The flame is the visible portion of the fire. Flames consist primarily of carbon dioxide, water vapor, oxygen and nitrogen. If hot enough, the gases may become ionized to produce plasma. Depending on the substances alight, and any impurities outside, the color of the flame and the fire's intensity will be different.
Fire in its most common form can result in conflagration, which has the potential to cause physical damage through burning. Fire is an important process that affects ecological systems around the globe. The positive effects of fire include stimulating growth and maintaining various ecological systems.
Its negative effects include hazard to life and property, atmospheric pollution, and water contamination. If fire removes protective vegetation, heavy rainfall may lead to an increase in soil erosion by water. Also, when vegetation is burned, the nitrogen it contains is released into the atmosphere, unlike elements such as potassium and phosphorus which remain in the ash and are quickly recycled into the soil. This loss of nitrogen caused by a fire produces a long-term reduction in the fertility of the soil, but this fecundity can potentially be recovered as molecular nitrogen in the atmosphere is "fixed" and converted to ammonia by natural phenomena such as lightning and by leguminous plants that are "nitrogen-fixing" such as clover, peas, and green beans.
Fire has been used by humans in rituals, in agriculture for clearing land, for cooking, generating heat and light, for signaling, propulsion purposes, smelting, forging, incineration of waste, cremation, and as a weapon or mode of destruction.

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  1. R

    Camp fire melting ice in a strange way

    I was sitting by a camp fire this weekend and I noticed that the snow/ice around the fire was melting in a strange way and I couldn't think of a good reason as to why it would leave this pattern. Essentially, it looked like small icicles all aimed towards the fire, almost parallel to the ground...
  2. Chronos

    SN1a under fire as standard candles

    This paper, http://arxiv.org/abs/1402.2717, discusses an alternative model for SN1a progenitors and offers observational predictions to test it based on SN2014J. If the model is validated it would have far reaching consequences for cosmology.
  3. mishima

    Misc. TetraKO: Cornstarch-Based Fire Suppressant for Firefighters

    TetraKO is a cornstarch based fire suppressant used by firefighters. It can do things like stick to burning ceilings making it superior to normal water. It was featured on a recent NOVA episode "making things safer" I think. I've been playing with cornstarch and water for the last few hours...
  4. M

    Power of Fire hose: a calculus approach

    A while ago, pinkybear posted the following: Homework Statement A fire hose for use in urban areas must be able to shoot a stream of water to a maximum height of 35 m. The water leaves the hose at ground level in a circular stream 3.5 cm in diameter. What minimum power is required to create...
  5. burnst14

    Voltage Used to Fire an Electron

    Homework Statement If an electron travels 0.210 m from an electron gun to a TV screen in 29.7 ns, what voltage was used to accelerate it? (Note that the voltage you obtain here is lower than actually used in TVs to avoid the necessity of relativistic corrections.) Homework Equations...
  6. Psinter

    Old Engineering: A ship that moves by harnessing the power of fire?

    This is bothering me way more than it should. Ever since I saw the following image: http://i.imgur.com/iUZsw3Cl.jpg?1 (This is a fraction of a set of pictures that contains other cool people with quotes that would be considered "ignorant" nowadays. All credit goes to the original author. I have...
  7. L

    Why fire doesn't burn back to gas tank (stove and welding)

    Hi, Why the fire doesn't burn back to gas tank as there is a continuous stream of fuel from the fire to fuel tank? Thanks
  8. P

    A fire helicopter carries a bucket of water

    Homework Statement A fire helicopter carries a bucket of water at the end of a cable 20.0 m long. The empty bucket's mass is 580 kg. As the aircraft flies back from a fire at a constant speed of 49.5 m/s, the cable makes an angle of 35.0 deg with respect to the vertical. a) Determine the...
  9. wolram

    Looking at buying the 8.9 kindle fire

    Does anyone have one? I am looking at buying the 8.9 version , what are they like for surfing the net, forums etc, any other features that are notable? what are they selling for in $US, thanks for any info i do not want to get burnt on a useless toy.
  10. J

    Fire Wallow disfavors Event Horizons

    In the context of the recent Fuzz or Fire workshop, http://online.kitp.ucsb.edu/online/fuzzorfire_m13/ I would like to make a short argument that event horizons are irredeemably in conflict with unitarity: An argument frequently mentioned in the Fuzz or Fire workshop is that by the...
  11. marcus

    Firewalls, Singularities, and the Unibabe Question

    The fuss over "firewalls" is basically a challenge to the assumption that watching a black hole form and evaporate, the observer at infinity sees unitary evolution. If you think the BH singularity might be resolved in a bounce, you don't make that assumption (as Lee explains in the following)...
  12. M

    How could the top of an airplane fuslage be on fire without exploding?

    Everybody seen the crashed 777 picture right? Just weird, because I always thought the fuel would be stored beneath the airframe and inside the wing. How did the fuel get "up there"?
  13. I_am_learning

    Fire in VCBs: Faulty Excitation System or Manufacturing Defect?

    I worked in a project in an old and small hydro power station where we replaced existing MOCBs with VCBs. In the second day from installation there was fire in the VCB when the breaker tripped. Everybody guessed it was manufacturing fault and there was air leekage to the VCB. A spare VCB was...
  14. D

    Water requirement to extinguish fire ?

    My job is to come up with the water requirement for a supposed tire fire. Given tyre caloric value 2800KJ/kg and for water Cp= 4200J/Kg.K and Latent heat: 2260 KJ/kg. Tyre weight: 5.6KG Stockpile containing: Half million tyres. I came up with some ridiculous high numbers but I think...
  15. D

    Engineering Ideas for preventing a fire at a tyre recycling plant ?

    Hey guys I was trying to come up with some ideas for preventing a fire at a recycling power plant. From an engineerings perspective. Some method of cooling or something ? any idea/input would be appreciated guys. thanks.
  16. J

    Fire dynamics simulator, making obstructions

    hey all, Is there any easy way to make obstructions in FDS that aren't rectangular? I basically want to tack on a circular chimney to the following the chimney would be circular, and inscribed in the square. then, there'd be a circle inside of it, making the chimney have 10" thick walls...
  17. Andre

    Dinosaurs died out due to fire 66 million years ago.

    That sounds pretty obvious. But it wasn't because of the interpretation of evidence. The charcoal / soot required as evidence was not available. In a nutshell. Robertson et al 2013 explain that it was merely a misinterpretation. The charcoal is simply dilluted by the debris from the...
  18. H

    Calculating Temperature at a distance from a fire.

    Hi all, I have searched the internet for hours and have come up empty. Perhaps I'm just not entering the correct search terms. What I would like to work out is variation of temperature (in air) with altitude above the fire. Details: The fire is a bushfire (a quick search suggests a temperature...
  19. DiracPool

    Is 50 Really the New 30 for the St. Elmo's Fire Generation?

    I'm watching St. Elmo's fire (SEF) right now on Vh1 classic and was reliving a little nostalgia when I did a "cast and crew" check on the actors to see how old they were now. Turns out that just about all of them turned 50 within the last year. Fifty! OMG. I was in high school when that movie...
  20. C

    What types of energies can be generated from fire

    Hey, I am working on a project where I have to come up with a way to recover energy from heat of a fire. we were thinking several options such as: - Thermoelectric materials and steam turbines which would convert heat to energy - Stirling engine to convert heat to mechanical energy...
  21. S

    The CAUSE OF THE MOTION OF A FIRE HOSE

    ok thank you << Moderator's Note -- Do NOT delete your posts after you have received help. That is cheating, and it will not be tolerated here. You agreed to the PF rules when you joined here, and the rules are ver explicit about not altering your posts after you have received help. You...
  22. Evo

    Medical 'Brain on Fire' - a rare autoimmune disease

    Amazing and frightening that we still know so little about diseases and disorders that affect the brain. How many people don't get diagnosed correctly. Such a shame since they say it is easily treatable. http://shine.yahoo.com/book-club/-brain-on-fire---a-writer-possessed.html
  23. T

    Fire Truck Problem: Inertia, Effect & More

    Suppose a fire truck, with a huge tank of water. If the tank is half-full, when you slow down the water's inertia is going to push the truck forward. When it's full, the water can be thought like a solid, so it doesn't have the same effect. The question is: what are the concepts involved in...
  24. S

    What is the difference between IC BT66 and UM66?

    i am going to build this fire alarm. i got IC BT66 in place of UM66 . I want to ask that are BT66 and UM66 same or is their any difference of work. Also can anyone suggest any site where i can get internal circuits of the IC's UM66,TD2002,7805. thanks in advance . :smile:
  25. S

    Can you set the air on fire?

    Can you set "the air" on fire? I remember watching the walking dead, the last episode of series 1 and the scientist said that he could set the air on fire? Does oxygen go on fire at a certain level? Or was that all just made up for the show? Thanks.
  26. R

    Is Science Fiction Just Fantasy or Could It Be Real?

    What's that flame in the back of Katniss that doesn't really burn? What flames can't burn?
  27. R

    Wave function of a flame or fire

    Hi, how do you describe the wave function of fire or a flame?
  28. P

    How Quickly Do the Exhaust Gases Coming off a Fire Cool Down?

    While trying to deduce the answer to a physics-related (and safety-related) question, I ran across an apparent paradox. I am trying to figure out how quickly the hot gases rising off of a fire cool down. From what I had heard from atmospheric science: 1. Air is a lousy conductor of heat. 2...
  29. S

    Can You Replace a Firewire Port with a USB Port for an External Hard Drive?

    Can you unsolder a firewire ports pins on the green board and solder a usb port in its place?
  30. S

    Question on wiring fire wire to usb wire?

    Can i wire fire wire to usb wire? What i mean is cut one end off on a fire wire and one end off a usb wire and wire the two together would that work?
  31. J

    Water Nucleate Boiling possibility in a fire tube Boiler

    Hi guys, I'm designing a simple waste heat recovery Fire Tube Boiler. The Flue gas inside the tubes has an average temperature of 300 C (572 F). The tubes are submerged in water at a pressure of 6 atm, this gives us the saturated steam temperature of 158.83 C ( 318 F). I've calculated The...
  32. V

    Equation of Continuity-Three Fire Hoses and Pipes

    Equation of Continuity--Three Fire Hoses and Pipes Homework Statement Three fire hoses are connected to a fire hydrant. Each has a radius of 0.020 m. Water enters the hydrant through an underground pipe of radius 0.080 m. In the pipe the water has a speed of 3.0 m/s. How many kilograms of...
  33. AnTiFreeze3

    Alan Alda's "Flame Challenge": Explaining Fire to 11 Year Olds

    I thought that this was an interesting idea. Basically, Alan Alda started a competition of some sorts for people to explain what fire is to eleven year olds. The basis for starting this is that, when he was eleven, he was interested in fire, asked his science teacher what it was, and all that...
  34. B

    Fire Water Main Leaking Water But Not Air

    At our construction jobsite we have approx. 1,000FT of 8" fire water from the city main running into our existing building. The existing line was insatlled in 1971. We installed a new backflow device as required by the city at the start of the line. The fire department required us to...
  35. J

    How Does Fire Work Explained in Layman's Terms

    I know that fire is a chemical reaction, but how does having enough energy actually start a chemical change? What is happening on a quantum mechanical level? In layman's terms please.
  36. A

    Whats fire made of? What element atoms are it.?

    why does peak of fire of a matchstick face upwards ie away from ground.why is it not effected by gravity,is there any reason other than pressure considerations.
  37. M

    Posibility of sound to put off fire.

    Hi all i am now prepar to write a essay about use sound to put off fire, and the pre-reserach i have done have show that the sound do can put off fire, however the very low efficient. What i want to find out how can i extend its distance to put out fire, i have try something ,and some of them...
  38. A

    Could CDs (Compact Disc) cause fire if I hang them outside the windows?

    Hi, I live in 6th floor of an apartment. To prevent birds from pooping beside my window, I hang some unlabeled CDs along a string outside the window. The window is facing east, and people start complaining about it, that it might cause fire. I wonder if that is even possible? I personally do...
  39. M

    How to Design a Fire Fighting Pumping Unit with Specific Pump Capacities?

    I have a query of supplying pumps namely electricity operating pump 500 GPM, 7 bar, diesel engine driven backup pump 500 GPM, 7 bar and a jockey pump 50 GPM, 8 bar to be used for making fire fighting pumping unit (FFPU). Please guide/tell how to design the unit (FFPU) from these?
  40. D

    Why doesn't intense infrared radiation from a fire harm your eyes?

    The other night I was watching a campfire and the infrared light from it was intense enough that it warmed my face quite a bit, almost uncomfortably. I must have been receiving quite a bit of invisible light in my eyes, but there was no damage (and I've never heard any warning about watching...
  41. S

    Magnetic bullet fired through a coil can fire another bullet?

    Magnetic bullet fired through a coil can fire another bullet (no amplifiers, batteries, etc. are involved) A magnetic bullet, fired through the middle of a coil, can induce enough current that a nichrome wire connected to the ends of the winding gets hot red and is able to ignite a charge of...
  42. R

    Fire projectile to hit a moving object

    This is not a homework problem so i didn't post it in that section, however, it is homework-problem-ish in that it's a problem for a non-school-related programming simluation project I'm working on that I can't solve. If appropriate, please move to that section. Overview: I'm working on...
  43. V

    Lithium-Polymer battery fire safety precautions

    Hello, I'm trying to learn about LiPo battery pack safety and was wondering if anyone could head me in the direction of some good sources of information. In particular I'm trying to learn enough to safely re-build and extend a laptop's 6-cell (3S2P) pack, but hopefully to extend it to a...
  44. B

    Does the Cometary Debris Impact Theory of the Chicago Fire Constitute Pseudo-Science?

    The Great Chicago Fire of 8-10 October 1871 has inspired many theories as to its origin, one of which involves extraterrestrial origin. I'm here referring to the theory that the Chicago Fire, together with several other nearly simultaneous major fires in the region of Lake Michigan and...
  45. 9

    How to verify your claim in this fire experiement?

    Homework Statement If we initially lighted a candle, and then put a jar over it, what can we say about the fire? What kind of observations can we make? How can you verify your claim? The Attempt at a Solution Well the observations are quite obvious. The flame is put off soon or later. I...
  46. Dale

    How to fire the cable/satellite company?

    Hi Everyone, In the Netflix price increase thread some people mentioned that they do not have cable/satellite, but get all of their TV via broadband. I have been thinking about doing the same, but would like some advice. What is your setup including any required hardware or software or...
  47. K

    Baptism by fire? 2nd year of master's at polytechnique

    I've been accepted in the M2 (2nd year of master's) program in high energy physics at Ecole Polytechnique, in Paris. I looked at the compulsory courses I'd have to take. Here they are: -Beyond the standard model, supersymmetry and supergravity; -The standard model - weak and strong...
  48. D

    Richard Feynman's description of Fire

    Okay, I am a total fan of Richard Feynman, but too bad he was alive before my time. According to what he says, I can assume that a piece of wood can "spontaneously" combust if put into a container with pure oxygen then compress that container. So in doing so, the volume of the container would...
  49. G

    <controlling fire extinguisher with a servo> :frown:

    <controlling fire extinguisher with a servo> please help :frown: Hi, I am building a robot that can extinguish a fire on it's own with the help of a couple of sensors and a fire extinguisher. I want to control the lever of the extinguisher autonomously with the help of the...
  50. A

    NPP Fire Codes: Containment Penetrations and Electrical Ducts Temperature Limits

    Thanks for the link! I feel really shocked that the electric drywell insulation specification (at least for Browns Ferry) does not exceed 436K for 15 min, and 411K long-term. If this is nuclear building code/nuclear electric code conform then these codes are extremely lax. I fear we have...
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