A battery is a power source consisting of one or more electrochemical cells with external connections for powering electrical devices such as flashlights, mobile phones, and electric cars. When a battery is supplying electric power, its positive terminal is the cathode and its negative terminal is the anode. The terminal marked negative is the source of electrons that will flow through an external electric circuit to the positive terminal. When a battery is connected to an external electric load, a redox reaction converts high-energy reactants to lower-energy products, and the free-energy difference is delivered to the external circuit as electrical energy. Historically the term "battery" specifically referred to a device composed of multiple cells, however the usage has evolved to include devices composed of a single cell.Primary (single-use or "disposable") batteries are used once and discarded, as the electrode materials are irreversibly changed during discharge; a common example is the alkaline battery used for flashlights and a multitude of portable electronic devices. Secondary (rechargeable) batteries can be discharged and recharged multiple times using an applied electric current; the original composition of the electrodes can be restored by reverse current. Examples include the lead-acid batteries used in vehicles and lithium-ion batteries used for portable electronics such as laptops and mobile phones.
Batteries come in many shapes and sizes, from miniature cells used to power hearing aids and wristwatches to small, thin cells used in smartphones, to large lead acid batteries or lithium-ion batteries in vehicles, and at the largest extreme, huge battery banks the size of rooms that provide standby or emergency power for telephone exchanges and computer data centers.
Batteries have much lower specific energy (energy per unit mass) than common fuels such as gasoline. In automobiles, this is somewhat offset by the higher efficiency of electric motors in converting electrical energy to mechanical work, compared to combustion engines.
If CCA can be translated directly to Amps then would I be able to run the battery at max capacity for only 3.6 minutes?
18 / 300 * 60 = 3.6 Minutes?
Or am I looking at something wrong?
So I understand that a battery consists of an anode, cathode, and electrolyte.
Question: What is the function of the electrolyte? Can we use a conductor instead of an electrolyte like some kind of metal? If so, why don't we?
Now for a penny and nickel battery stacked on top of each other you...
Consider a wire connected to a battery. Now,potential is analogous to the energy of the particles.And potential in a resistor drops because of the friction inside the resistor(considering there is no friction along the wire and outside the resistor).So the friction determines how much energy is...
Considering that the electric field exist outside a battery in a wire,shouldnt the potential drop while we move along the wire even if there is no resistor(E=grad(V))?Because when i see diagrams of potential along the wire,they all show a constant potential along the wire until it reaches a...
Correct me if I'm wrong,but a battery's electric field is like an electric field of a capacitor consisting of two plates.But we know that the electric field outside the two plates is zero.So why does an electric field form outside the battery and into the circuit?
Anyone know what the specification of EU1L is in a garden tractor battery? I am assuming "U" is utility, and "L" is the positive terminal post faces left viewing the battery's face or front. If so, what is the "E" and "1"?
Hi! Iam a new guy here. Iam not a physicist, rather veterinarian.
i have a doubt. I have Car DVR with 3.7V , 300mAH LIPO battery. Can i replace that with say 3.7V, 1000 mAH /2000mAH LION battery? Will it be a problem?
In the current setup the LIPO battery is inside the DVR and DVR is getting...
A battery is rated as follows:
2600 mah
12 V
5C
My question is what does each of these values mean?
2600 mah is the "capacity" of the battery. To my understanding this means you can draw 2600 ma current from this battery for exactly one hour; after one hour the battery is dead. Or you can...
Homework Statement
A 8500 Ω resistor is joined in series with a 80 μF capacitor.
a) What is the capacitive time constant of this combination? (Solved: 0.65 s)
b) If a 9.0 volt battery is suddenly connected across this RC combination, how long will it take for the capacitor voltage to reach 8.0...
Hi :)
It might seems a stupid question but I can't find any answer for it ^^
I have a question: how voltage is calculated in a battery?
Let's say you create a battery with - 1 C of charge of electrons on the and the other side + 1 C of charge, could you tell me what is the voltage of this...
New to the forum :)
We were (trying to) discussing this at work the other day. Consider a simple battery powered circuit, with a resistor and an LED. With a battery, current is "chemically produced" in the battery and flows from the positive to the negative pole, passing through the LED...
I have a motorcycle battery which is 6Ah, with a maximum charging current of 0.6A/h. Is there a method of charging it whilst using a 2.7Adc (4A RMS) charger?
I was thinking using resistors in parallel or series between the charger and the battery, but I am not sure exactly how.
Homework Statement
The two headlights of a car sonsume a total power of 120 W. A driver parks the car but leaves the lights on. The 12-V battery is rated at 95 A * h.
Homework Equations
P=IV
V=IR
The Attempt at a Solution
I don't know any equation that associates this with time. [/B]
Homework Statement
Find I1 , I2 and I3
Homework Equations
I = E / R
I3 = I1 - I2
The Attempt at a Solution
its the trouble with parallel different emf . I know a formula how to combine them into one but it needs inner resistance . i don't know how to do it with the ideal circuit . The...
In a circuit there are two forces that act on the charges to keep the current uniform through out,
##\vec{f}=\vec{E}+\vec{f_s}##, where ##\vec{E}## is the electrostatic field and ##\vec{f_s}## is the electric field produced by chemical reactions. Inside an ideal battery, ##\vec{E}## and...
Hello Guys and Girls,
I wanted to know if my HYBRID HONDA CIVIC 2010 would still start up and run if my hybrid battery pack dies ?
If it gets started and i am able to drive it, will it affect the car anyhow (apart from few MPG less) on a long term ?
Thanks in advance.
N.R.
Let me start by saying that the point of this question is to figure out if I can do this with items on hand instead of buying a UPS.
I have a cable modem and wireless router which require 12V 750mA and 12V 1000mA respectively. In the event of a power outage, I'd like to be able to manually...
Greetings, in a small project I'm doing, I need to have a small speaker literally touching the outside of a lithium-Ion battery. Will there be any negative results to these devices being in such close proximity? e.g. noise introduced into the speaker, or odd behavior induced upon the battery? If...
I know I've done this before but for some reason I am stuck. I have a smoke alarm where the battery compartment is being blocked by the permanent power. I can't disconnect or a monitoring alarm will trip (i think?). There is a great deal of tension here and any more force I feel will break the...
Just got a jump start due to having left my trunk ajar last night. Battery was pretty dead ~8.5V. Dead enough that we had to let the jumper car charge it for 10 minutes before it would start. So now it is running in my driveway. How long do you think it will need to charge before it will be...
Will a high current destroy my smartphone battery?
I know very little about batteries, but I'm getting really annoyed at having to wait 8 hours for my phone battery to charge (it's a 6 year old smartphone). So I was thinking of raising the 2.1A output of the charger to 3.1A without raising the...
Dear Friends,
Merry Christmas to All.
I am pleased to join this forum of Physics Experts.
Please I need some help to work on COMSOL, I am about to start learning COMSOL. I'm going to work on this topic ' Vanadium Redox Flow Battery ' (VRFB) and this topic has many physics so it can be...
Suppose you have a full battery and an empty one, both the same type, and you hook up positive to positive and negative to negative, and for this particular battery chemistry, the difference in voltage is great enough to commence charging of the negative one. How much current would likely travel...
Water is a conductor of electricity. So if i throw a normal clock or tv remote battery in a bucket of water, will it conduct the electricity, allow a short circuit between the + and - ve terminals and cause some minor explosion?
I wanted to try it but got scared.
What will happen if i connect...
I know how to calculate current flow across a resister from the voltage, but what about current flow into a battery? Do I need to put a resister in the system so that I know how much current is flowing, or does that drop the voltage to the battery too much?
I'm guessing the battery has an...
They have a nominal voltage of 3.7V or 3.6V. They are charged at 4.2V, and disconnected when the charger says 4.0V. Does that mean they are 3.6V when they are empty, or are they overchaged when they are 4.0V? How low in voltage can they go and still have plenty of current? Thanks.
I'm designing...
I'm shopping for a battery-powered USB charger.
Someone on Amazon says that as current (amperes) increases, battery life decreases exponentially. He says that using a charger with a current of 500mA gets you 30% more total power from the AA batteries than if you used a charger with a current...
So I have an old flip phone here that I wanted to turn into a portable battery pack because its winter break and I am bored. Whole thing is apart and good to go but I was wondering if there is any way to reverse the current. Obviously charging it one way, and then when you use it as a battery...
Homework Statement
Students are given some resistors, a battery with internal resistance, and an ammeter. They are asked to determine the emf e and internal resistance of the battery using just this equipment. Working with the circuit shown at right, they insert each resistor into the circuit...
Hey guys! I have been following the forum for quite some time now. With all of you smart people out there, I am hoping you can help me design a heater, or at least lead me in the right direction.
What I am attempting to create is a battery powered heater, to maintain a temperature of...
More of a general question but thought I'd post it here.
Motorcycles are notorious for losing battery charge and not starting requiring a jump or rolling start.
Was looking to get one of these new Li-ion battery / jump start modules capable of starting a car (and charging a phone or tablet)...
I am trying to create a flowchart that will help solve a series of unknown simple circuit setups hidden within a box. It is powered by a 9v battery. There are 12 different probes that connect to 1 common ground and I want to have a method to discover what is contained. Options include 3...
Lithium ion batteries infamously degrade over time. 1000 charges can cause up to 20% loss in capacity. Is there a type of rechargeable battery that will not degrade over time?
Homework Statement
[/B]
The main problem is if it is safe to charge a solar battery as quickly as possible assuming that I have a large current charger. Let's say I have:
70Ah Solar Battery
50 F, 15 V Ultra Capacitor
C = Q/V
Q = CV = (50)(15) = 750
I = Q/t
It = Q = 750 Ampere-second
E = 15...
< Mentor Note -- thread moved to HH from the technical engineering forums, so no HH Template is shown >
Hey guys ,
I want to know about the battery defects like stipulation , erosion , sedimentation , seperator defects .
I'm a Automotive engineer and hence lack the electrical engineering expertise that you might expect.
This is related to a doubt I have in calculating the final battery voltage for an electrical vehicle. This is just a calculation query. I have a module consisting of 12 individual Li-ion cells...
Hello everyone!
I'm almost done with a project of mine and I'm creating a battery with an aluminum casing around. Inside I have a copper electrode (cathode) and due to lack of finding a correct dimension I have to resort to using a stainless steel anode (and I'm also running out of time)
So I...
1. Consider the group of resistors in the figure, where R1 = 12.3 and R2 = 7.95http://www.webassign.net/images/omegacap.gif. The current flowing through the 7.95[PLAIN]http://www.webassign.net/images/omegacap.gif resistor is 1.22 A. What is the voltage of the batter...
Hello everyone from the Physics Forums, I'm doing a school project and I'm looking for a potential anode alloy that is ferromagnetic which I could use with a copper cathode. I'm making a battery and I have to use copper as my cathode mainly because I have made the cathode cells structured...
how to design a bms circuit for nimh. we have 11 cells in one battery pack and and all the cells are in series, if one cell discharge rapidly then how to moniter it through controller?
So I have been wanting to build a Tesla Coil for a while now, and I did not want to make a large one, just enough for a 4 or 5 inch spark. That being said I began searching the internet for designs when I stumbled upon the 12 volt battery variation. The idea is that the 12v battery would drive...
How does a battery charge while it is operating? Just out of curiosity. I cannot figure out how this could possibly work if charge must travel from anode to cathode in order to operate the device, but must travel the opposite direction in order to recharge.
This is a list of ferromagnetic materials that I've found on Wikipedia's category ferromagnetic materials page.
I was wondering which of these materials would make possibly great cathodes for aluminum anode in the application of creating an sulfuric solution based acid battery. The battery I...
My question is why is the energy stored in a capacitance equals to half the energy supplied by the battery.
I already know that there is heat loss in wires. But what I really want to know is that why is it only half of it ?
It could have been any other fraction.
Homework Statement
For the circuit shown, the ##\varepsilon## has negligible resistance. Initially the capacitor is uncharged and the switch S is in position 1. The switch is then moved to position 2, so that the capacitor begins to charge.
Given: [R, C, E]
Find:
The energy given to the...
Homework Statement
Hello. I just need someone to check if I'm approaching the problem correctly (the steps I've taken are given below).
I drew a quick sketch of the circuit here: http://i.imgur.com/mClttXn.png?1
In the problem, I am given the capacitances of A, B, and C. I am also given the...
Homework Statement
I'm an introductory electromagnetism course and in lab we were observing how an electric current could deflect a compass needle. however, i also noticed that the batter itself (with no wire attached, so no current) could also deflect the needle. (for ex, if you brought the...