What is Particle accelerator: Definition and 208 Discussions
A particle accelerator is a machine that uses electromagnetic fields to propel charged particles to very high speeds and energies, and to contain them in well-defined beams.Large accelerators are used for basic research in particle physics. The largest accelerator currently operating is the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) near Geneva, Switzerland, operated by the CERN. It is a collider accelerator, which can accelerate two beams of protons to an energy of 6.5 TeV and cause them to collide head-on, creating center-of-mass energies of 13 TeV. Other powerful accelerators are, RHIC at Brookhaven National Laboratory in New York and, formerly, the Tevatron at Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois. Accelerators are also used as synchrotron light sources for the study of condensed matter physics. Smaller particle accelerators are used in a wide variety of applications, including particle therapy for oncological purposes, radioisotope production for medical diagnostics, ion implanters for manufacture of semiconductors, and accelerator mass spectrometers for measurements of rare isotopes such as radiocarbon. There are currently more than 30,000 accelerators in operation around the world.There are two basic classes of accelerators: electrostatic and electrodynamic (or electromagnetic) accelerators. Electrostatic accelerators use static electric fields to accelerate particles. The most common types are the Cockcroft–Walton generator and the Van de Graaff generator. A small-scale example of this class is the cathode ray tube in an ordinary old television set. The achievable kinetic energy for particles in these devices is determined by the accelerating voltage, which is limited by electrical breakdown. Electrodynamic or electromagnetic accelerators, on the other hand, use changing electromagnetic fields (either magnetic induction or oscillating radio frequency fields) to accelerate particles. Since in these types the particles can pass through the same accelerating field multiple times, the output energy is not limited by the strength of the accelerating field. This class, which was first developed in the 1920s, is the basis for most modern large-scale accelerators.
Rolf Widerøe, Gustav Ising, Leó Szilárd, Max Steenbeck, and Ernest Lawrence are considered pioneers of this field, conceiving and building the first operational linear particle accelerator, the betatron, and the cyclotron.
Because the target of the particle beams of early accelerators was usually the atoms of a piece of matter, with the goal being to create collisions with their nuclei in order to investigate nuclear structure, accelerators were commonly referred to as atom smashers in the 20th century. The term persists despite the fact that many modern accelerators create collisions between two subatomic particles, rather than a particle and an atomic nucleus.
In particular, ones that aren't linear, of course.
Does the particle stream or individual particle, whatever they're firing, impart some sort of vector force on the structure of the accelerator itself via the magnetic field, and into the magnets?
Homework Statement
A particle moves with an acceleration a(t)=3at+2b with a=1m/s3 and b=1m/s2. Determine x(t) and v(t) such that v(1s)=4m/s and x(1s)=3m.
This is how I tried to solve it:
v(t)=∫(3at+2b)dt
v(t)=3/2at2+2bt+const
v(1s)=3/2m/s3(1s2)+2m/s2(1s)+const
4m/s=7/2m/s+const...
They say accelerating charged particles emit electromagnetic radiation(emr). Ok. Take a mass m, apply a force F on it and it will cause acceleration. All the energy i apply on m will go to its kinetic energy, so conservation of energy is obtained. Now take a charged particle p, apply force f and...
Oddly enough, it's for a science fair :)
Anyway, I joined the Science Club at my high school earlier today and I learned that we'll be entering our a science fair, winners of which will go to regionals. I read Michio Kaku's (forgive any misspellings) book Hyperspace and it somewhat motivated...
I was wondering exactly what a particle accelerator does and also how to make them because I would like to make one for my science fair. But obviously to do this, I need an understanding of particle acceleration. So if you know anything on how to make them that would help! Thanks!
Homework Statement
The acceleration of a particle is given by a(t)= - 2.1 m/s2 + (3.1 m/s3)t
Find the initial velocity v0 such that the particle will have the same x-coordinate at time t=3.96 as it had at t=0.
What x-coordinate will the particle have at time t=3.96
Homework...
What is inside the detector in a particle accelerator??
We need E and B fields to steer and focus beams in a particle accelerator, but all the calculations we do in QFT assume (apart from the colliding particles) that we are in the vacuum state. Does this mean there are no fields at the point...
Homework Statement
what is the increase in kinetic energy of the particle after being accelerated by a potential V/2?
The Attempt at a Solution
The textbook says it is q*V/2 but I just wondered why this is the case
Homework Statement
A 2.50-mg dust particle with a charge of 2.00 µC falls at a point x = 2.80 m in a region where the electric potential varies according to
V(x) = (2.00 V/m2)x2 − (1.00 V/m3)x3.
With what acceleration will the particle start moving after it touches down? (Enter the magnitude of...
the position vector of the particle is given by
s=e^-2ti+sin(2t)j+5t^k
calculate its velocity and acceleration at t=0
to get the velocity i differentiated with respect to t and substituted in t=0, giving me
velocity=-2i+2j and that's the same as the answer given but I am not sure how to get...
I've taken a screen shot of the question
[PLAIN]http://img803.imageshack.us/img803/753/73615252.png
I know the answer (I've given it in the spoiler below), I don't understand why that is the answer
Thanks if you can help :)
Particle Accelerator Problem, proton --> electron positron
He guys, I could use some help on this problem.
[PLAIN]http://img31.imageshack.us/img31/2039/physhw.jpg
I got the energy of the photons:
E = 2hc/lambda
Energy of the electron and positron I believe are:
E =...
In particle accelerators, is all energy for the particle provided from external sources to get them up to relativistic speeds. If a system used unstable (radioactive) particles (maybe they have?) and a fission occurred that propelled, for example, an alpha particle in the opposite direction to...
while i am well aware of the prohibitive cost of antimatter production and its current status as something that is only of academic interest, i understand that the development of tabletop particle accelerators isn't as far fetched as, say, cold fusion in that it doesn't automatically invite...
It is mind-numbing to think how particle accelerators get the data to form the images of particles moving near the speed of light such as :
http://www.hephy.at/typo3temp/pics/94acdc3f44.jpg
how do they do it?
What would happen if an electron were accelerated in an attempt to collide with an accelerated proton in a particle accelerator?
What would happen in a collision between an electron and a neutron?
We all know electrical energy is wasted when generators work to provide a voltage potential that goes used. Many different approaches to saving the energy have been proposed (and are being experimented on), such as storing the energy in a rotating drum, or in a superconducting coil.
But what...
For sake of argument consider magnetically accelerating a Proton to greater than .1 "C".
In an accelerator the proton is contained and accelerated by a magnetic field. Relativistic mass issues vs. available energy is the velocity limitation. Correct?
As relativistic mass becomes...
I,m trying to put together all the complexities of making a small Linear Electron collider.
Basically it's two crt electron guns on each end of an polycarbonate tube with quadrupole magnet's for focusing. I have a decent idea of the EMR dangers involved. But since I could keep it below a...
A smooth sphere of radius 'R' is made to translate in a straight line with a constant acceleration 'a'. A particle kept on the top of the sphere is released from there at zero velocity with respect to sphere. Find the speed of the particle with respect to the sphere as a function of the angle...
Building a Particle Accelerator
Hi,
I just stumbled upon these forums and joined with the hopes that I could seek some help from some more experienced people. Thank you for your time.
http://bigthink.com/ideas/19050
http://bt.pa.msu.edu/pub/papers/steeremsc/steeremsc.pdf...
Okay you're going to have to forgive me but I'm new to all of this and I'm still getting a hang of this website(as well as having little or no education/experience in much of any physics beyond high school),but I was wondering if it would be possible to make a particle accelerator that used...
i am a mechanical engineer and am highly interested in physics. i want to do my final year project on particle accelerators. have someone done a similar project if so what sort of accelerator can an undergraduate student fabricate?
If you have two counter-rotating streams of particles traveling at near luminal velocity then is there effective relative velocity on impact not greater than c? Of course it can't be so why bother having the particles strike a pain-stakingly engineered opposing particle stream than say a brick wall?
Homework Statement
On the diagram below, draw vectors to show the magnitude and direction of the electric forces acting between an alpha particle and an electron.
(++) (-)
(I can do that bit)
Hence state and explain which of the two particles will experience great acceleration...
My question is essentially a variation of the Ehrenfest paradox in SR. But hopefully with some experimental data.
In the LHC, for example, a fixed number of particle bunches with some length are injected into the main ring. Now, as the velocity of the particles increases, the bunches would be...
[b]1. in synchrotrons; as i understand, particles are only accelerated along the straight sections by an electric field established by electrodes. in my textbook, it says "a high frequency alternating voltage is applied between electrodes positioned around the ring which accelerates the charged...
Greetings,
I'm having some issues with a problem that I is related, though not identical, to Bell's spaceship paradox (this is not for a homework or anything, it just sort of occurred to me when I was thinking about something else).
Consider two particles that are initially at rest in some...
Hallo everyone! I would like to make a small and simple particle accelerator that a) looks good and b) works. So if you could guys help me i would apriciate it alot!
Thanks in advance.
Christos Papanikolaou
Hi,
I have a 1m long, 10mm ID vertical tube attached to a vacuum system. I have a known flow rate of the air down the tube which is used to calculate the air velocity.
My question is if I then add micrometre sized particles (initially at rest) to the air stream what is their velocity at...
1. Linear or Circular Acceleration (Synchrotron)
2.I.e, which accelerator is safer in terms of radiation leakage and radiation outbreak.
3. I thought a Linac would be safer.
Kinematics -- particle acceleration and distance travelled
Homework Statement
A particle moving at 10 m/s reverses its direction to move at 20 m/s in the opposite direction. If its acceleration is -10 m/s2, what is the total distance that it travels?
A) 15 m
B) 20 m
C) 25 m
D) 30...
Homework Statement
prove that with flow in a corner, with stream function ψ=Axy, particles are accelerating per \frac{DV}{Dt}=(A2(x2-y2))/r; A=const; r-distance from the center of the corner
Homework Equations
Vx=U=\frac{∂ψ}{∂y} . . Vy=V=-\frac{∂ψ}{∂x}...
Hallo Physics Forum
I have a question, if you have a particle( a charged particle ) in a vacuum tube with applied voltage
then how can you calculate the speed and acceleration it will get in the tube when there's applied voltage to the tube
Suppose you have an electron moving at constant velocity. This new area that it is moving into initially had 0 electric flux through it but now that the electron moves to that location the electric flux is changing which in turn cause a magnetic flux ad infinitum. So why must a charge be...
I have a very lamans understanding of particle accelerators, one of the things I gather is that their large size allows for the particles to be accelerated to higher speeds. This can't be done easily at smaller sizes because a smaller circumference will mean a more extreme angle for the...
Homework Statement
The position of a particle as it moves along the x-axis is given by x = 15e-2t m, where t is in s. What is the acceleration of the particle at t = 1 s?
Homework Equations
d = vi.t + 1/2 a ts
since I don't know how distance is implemented.
The Attempt at a...
Homework Statement
Hi there!
Here is a problem from our 1st year course. We have covered the basics on charges and Coulomb's Law. However our prof said he designed the following question to be "deliberately obscure"!
Two charges of 4.00μC are fixed in space, Q1 at (0,0,0) and Q2 at...
Hi PF,
I've been looking to do a physics project for a while, and I thought about trying to build a particle accelerator at home. I know there's a lot of potential risks involved, and I imagine some legal issues, but is it plausible for a 15 year old to build a crude particle accelerator at...
Homework Statement
An electron (e=1.6x10^(-19) Coulomb) of total energy 10.22 MeV (\gamma about 20) is undergoing linear acceleration due to application of a uniform electric field of strenght E_0=1000 MV/m
a)how large is the applied force, in Newton?
b) Calculate the instantaneous radiated...
I've come across a few places that mention that dipoles and charged particles accelerate in non-uniform magnetic fields. Is this true? If the Magnetic force is always perpendicular to the velocity of a charge, I don't see why it would accelerate. I see it having centripetal acceleration with...
Homework Statement
I am asked to find the radial and transverse velocity and acceleration for a particle with polar coordinates r=e^t and \theta=t
The Attempt at a Solution
Therefore let the position of the particle be \underline{r}=\underline{\hat{r}}e^t
$$\therefore...
I always hear that when protons slam together, they annihilate into pure energy. Then that energy sometimes reforms into other particles. How does that make any sense? Energy is just an arbitrary mathematical quantity.
I have no idea if this is the right place for this topic.
Recently, I have been reading about particle accelerator operation and theory. I had never realized exactly how the particles were accelerated. Turns out the particles are are bunched together in clumps by an ac wave and accelerated...
1. A particle moving at a velocity of 6.5 m/s in the positive x direction is given an acceleration of 0.9 m/s^2 in the positive y direction for 2.9 s. What is the final speed of the particle?
Homework Equations
v= vi +at
The Attempt at a Solution
v= 6.5 + (.9)(2.9)= 9.11 m/s...
Homework Statement
A wedge, all of whose faces are smooth, resting on a smooth horizontal table.Its faces make an angle A and B with the table, where tan A = 4/3 and tan b =3/4 .Particles of each of mass m are placed on these faces.If the mass of the wedge is 2m, show that the wedge will not...
Homework Statement
I need to find the acceleration, a(t), for which a particle moves on a straight line of a length D.
V(0)=0
V(final, that is at x = D) = U
a is always positive, but NON-INCREASING!
What is a(t) for which the particle reaches the end of the line the slowest as possible?Homework...