What is Galilean: Definition and 155 Discussions

Generically, a Galilean (; Hebrew: גלילי‎; Ancient Greek: Γαλιλαίων; Latin: Galilaeos) is an inhabitant of Galilee, a region of Israel surrounding the Sea of Galilee (Kinneret). The New Testament notes that the Apostle Peter's accent gave him away as a Galilean (Matthew 26:73 and Mark 14:70). The Galilean dialect referred to in the New Testament was a form of Jewish Palestinian Aramaic spoken by people in Galilee from the late Second Temple period (530 BCE) through the Apostolic Age (c. 100 CE). Later the term was used to refer to the early Christians by Roman emperors Julian and Marcus Aurelius, among others.

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  1. L

    I Galilean Equivalence Principle: Extended Objects

    The Galilean equivalence principle (or weak equivalence principle) is the statement of the universality of free-fall under gravity. For example, according to Wikipedia, it can be stated as follows My question regards the limitation of the principle to point masses. Does universality of...
  2. A

    I Composite Galilean transformation in 2 dimensions

    The Galilean transforms for rotations, boosts and translations in 2D are the follows: Rotations: x' = xcosθ + ysinθ y' = -xsinθ + ycosθ Boosts: x' = x - vxt y' = y - vyt Translations: x' = x - dx y' = y - dx I wanted to combine these into a single pair of equations, so my first thought was...
  3. H

    Wave-function solution under Galilean transformations

    How do we get (5.381)? The term involving ##V## in (5.378) is ##V(r' + vt, t)\ \Psi(r' + vt, t)##. After dividing on both sides of (5.378) by the exponential term ##e^{[i(mv.r' + mv^2t/2)/\hbar]}## [which appears in (5.379)], the term becomes ##V(r' + vt, t)\ \Psi(r', t)##. But the term as...
  4. Alpharup

    Galilean Relativity: Different Frames, Different Results

    I thought of explaining galilean relativity to a layman like this: "A person is heavily drunk and he revolves, revolves and revolves. He shouts," The world is revolving around me". You are bystander and u say," you drankard, the world is not revolving, but you are the one who is going in rounds...
  5. klotza

    Insights The Speed of Light and of Galilean Relativity - Comments

    klotza submitted a new PF Insights post The Speed of Light and Galilean Relativity Continue reading the Original PF Insights Post.
  6. j3dwards

    Speed of particle Galilean relativity

    Homework Statement Two particles are created in a high-energy particle accelerator and move off in opposite directions. The speed of one particle, as measured in the laboratory, is 0.650 c, and the speed of each particle relative to the other is 0.950 c, where c = 3 × 108 m/s is the speed of...
  7. Chronos

    New life for Galilean creation?

    Galilean creation is one of a number of proposed alternatives to inflationary cosmology. This paper; http://arxiv.org/abs/1504.05710, Galilean Creation of the Inflationary Universe, takes the idea a step further by showing how it can transit smoothly to the single field inflationary model...
  8. Glenstr

    A shot I got of Jupiter & moons last night

    I was trying to get a couple of quick handheld shots of the waxing crescent moon with Venus with my Nex-5N last night, when just for fun I thought I'd snap Jupiter and see if the moons showed up with the Sony 200mm zoom. Much to my surprise I was able to see a couple of the moons with just a...
  9. L

    Galilean Relativity and Newton's Laws

    I'm a little bit confused about the relationship between Galileo's Principle of Relativity and Newton's Laws. Indeed, as I understand, the Galilean Principle of Relativity is what Galileo presented with Salviatti's ship discussion. The discussion seems to lead to a simple idea: "if one performs...
  10. A

    Proving Newton's third law invariant with Galilean tranfrom

    Homework Statement Consider Newton’s force law for two particles interact through a central force F12(r1',r2',u1,u2), where by Newton’s third law F12 = -F21. m1(d^2r1/dt^2) = F12(r1,r2,u1,u2) m2(d^2r2/dt^2) = F21(r1,r2,u1,u2) A. Show that Newtonian mechanics is form invariant with respect to...
  11. P

    Cylindrical coordinate of Galilean transformation

    r\rightarrow r-2qz and \psi\rightarrow\psi+q\cdot(r-qz), I don't know how to derive it, anybody know? This question results from the book "Optical Solitons: From Fibers to Photonic Crystals [1 ed.]" section 6.5
  12. R

    Galilean Relativity & Kinetic Energy

    How would one find the reference frame in which an object [which undergoes a perfectly inelastic collision with a second object] experiences no change in its kinetic energy?
  13. A

    Galilean transformations - What am I messing up here?

    This is a follow-up to a question I asked earlier. We have the following exercise: We have two parallel mirrors, which are located at y=0 and y=l in the (x,y) plane. A photon is traveling between the mirrors, up and down along the y-axis. Consider an observer O at rest w.r.t. the mirrors...
  14. A

    Light clock - Galilean transformations

    We have two parallel mirrors, which are located at y=0 and y=l in the (x,y) plane. A photon is traveling between the mirrors, up and down along the y-axis. Consider an observer O at rest w.r.t. the mirrors. What's the time (Δt) measure by O for the photon to make a full period. Consider an...
  15. hunc

    Understanding Galilean structure

    I just start to read Mathematical Methods of Classical Mechanics by Arnold. And I am sort of very puzzled by all the notion. Firstly, if the universe is seen as a 4D affine space, why is time a mapping from R^4→R? I mean this kind of 4D contains time, right? Secondly, I thought the kernel of...
  16. A

    Galilean transformation problem (Speed)

    Homework Statement A girl is riding a bicycle along a straight road at constant speed, and passes a friend standing at a bus stop (event #1). At a time of 60 s later the friend catches a bus (event #2) If the distance separating the events is 126 m in the frame of the girl on the bicycle...
  17. E

    Help with Galilean transforms?

    I am a little confused about the Galilean transforms. If I have t'=\gammat Is t ALWAYS the frame of reference that we are in? i.e. If a spacecraft is moving away from Earth, and I wanted to measure the time taken on the spacecraft to reach some distance, would t be the variable I...
  18. I

    Lorentz and Galilean Tranformations

    Homework Statement At what speed v will the Galilean and Lorentz expressions for x differ by 0,10 percent? Homework Equations xL= (x'+vt')/√(1-(v/c)²) (Lorentz Transformation) xG=x'+vt' (Galilean Tranformation) The Attempt at a Solution I've tried: xG/xL = √(1-(v/c)²) =...
  19. R

    Galilean principle of relativity

    Galilean principle of relativity is for sure not absolutely true, isn't it? Say one has a pool full of water within a spaceship, if the spaceship is accelerated and then acceleration stops, one can look at the ripples in the pool, analyze their form and then tell, up to a certain degree of...
  20. A

    How Do Galilean Transformations Affect Measurements in Different Frames?

    βI solved this problem but I do not know if it is correct becasue there is no way to check it: Imagine that we define the rear end of a train 120 m long to long to define the origin X'=0 in the train frame and we define a certain track signal light to define the origin X=0 in the track frame...
  21. U

    Galilean form of the law of transformation of velocities

    May you help me with finding the angle, and what is "line of sight"?(the final answer is 15°) Thank you in advance
  22. L

    The Structure of Galilean Space

    A Galilean transformation is defined as a transformation that preserves the structure of Galilean space, namely: 1. time intervals; 2. spatial distances between any two simultaneous events; 3. rectilinear motions. Can anyone give a short argument for the fact that only measuring the...
  23. O

    Galilean invariance and kinetic energy

    I tried to look this up on the internet. I know there is a book about it but I forgot its title. I know that you can prove that the kinetic energy should be proportional to velocity squared by saying that this is the only Galilean invariant definition of kinetic energy. Can someone help me...
  24. fsonnichsen

    Stargazing FOV for galilean vs keplerian telescope

    It is my understanding that a Galilean telescope has a smaller field of view (FOV) than a Keplerian. Doing some "pencil" ray tracing on a sheet of paper I don't seem to get this result. Can anyone suggest a source that works the math for the FOV of both types? thanks Fritz
  25. D

    What are the x-coordinates of the bombs' explosions as measured by train B?

    Homework Statement I came across this problem in a worksheet and I am completely lost as to where to start; can someone help? The question is: Two trains are heading at the same speed, relative to the Earth, in opposite directions. A bomb explodes on each train, but not at the same times...
  26. A

    Problem on Galilean transformation

    Help please. I can't find what am I missing. The solution is in the attachment. Thanks in advance.
  27. B

    Solving the "Paradox" in Galilean Relativity

    seems to be a "paradox" in galilean relativity Hello I'm having a little bit of trouble with so-called rest frames. I will distinguish two cases. consider frame S, and a particle moving along the x-axis at speed v. Case I: consider the rest frame S' traveling along with x at speed v...
  28. B

    Electromagnetic wave equation not invariant under galilean trans.

    Homework Statement Prove that the electromagnetic wave equation:  (d^2ψ)/(dx^2) + (d^2ψ)/dy^2) + (d^2ψ)/(dz^2) − (1/c^2) * [(d^2ψ)/(dt^2)]= 0 is NOT invariant under Galilean transformation. (i.e., the equation does NOT have the same form for a moving observer moving at speed of...
  29. M

    Solving Galilean Transform Homework with Gradients in (u,v)

    Homework Statement If there is a change of variables: (\vec x(t),t)\to (\vec u=\vec x+\vec a(t),\,\,\,v=t+b) where b is a constant. Suppose I wish to write the following expression in terms of a gradient in (\vec u, v) \nabla_\vec x f(\vec x,t)+{d^2\vec a\over dt^2} How do I do that? Homework...
  30. A

    Galilean relativity and acceleration

    Hello all. I'm a long time reader and a first time poster. I should start by saying that I am not a physicists or a physics student and am studying it merely out of curiosity so please forgive any ambiguous terms I may use that are not standard. I came up with a sort of thought experiment to do...
  31. W

    Galilean principle of relativity and Gödel's incompleteness theorems

    Here is a question, that is so many levels above my analytical, logical, mathematical and physics skills (which sum up, in my case, to no more than popular science and science fiction reading), so the only reason that i am still asking this question, is that, not asking a question, seems to me...
  32. P

    Action invariance under galilean boost

    Hello, I've been spending a lot of time trying to solve this problem but I can't figure out a good solution. I have to show that the action of a non-relativistic particle ( Schrodinger density Lagrangian ) is invariant under Galilean boost with the form...
  33. TrickyDicky

    Galilean relativity vs special relativity

    I was told in another thread that saying that the Galilean relativity of Newtonian and classical mechanics could be thought of as light speed having the possibility of being infinite was nonsense. Since it was true that a discussion there of these points was off-topic, I use this new thread to...
  34. D

    Finding velocity using Galilean Transformations

    Homework Statement You are piloting a small airplane in which you want to reach a destination that is 750 km due north of your starting location. Once you are airborne, you find that (due to a strong but steady wind) to maintain a northerly course you must point the nose of the plane at an...
  35. F

    Looking for generalized formulas for Galilean transformations

    Dear Forum, I am familiar with the formulas between inertial frames of reference that move at a constant speed between each other. The observed object move at a constant speed or at a constant acceleration. It can be shown that while the positions and velocities are different in the two...
  36. X

    Maxwells Equations being non-invariant with Galilean transformations

    I just purchased a book on the introduction of special relativity and I seem to be stuck on a simple mathematical step. For some reason I just can't see this! This is what it says: Gotta love getting stuck on something when the book says its "Easy to see." Confidence -1.
  37. G

    Galilean transform and the maxwell equations

    So I keep hearing that the maxwell equations are variant under Galilean transform. Tired of simply accepting it without seeing the maths, I decided to do the transformation on my own. To make things easy, I only tried Gauss' law, furthermore I constricted the field to the x-axis only. So I have...
  38. W

    How to prove Galilean invariance

    I'm having problems showing that Newton's second law of motion stays invariant (has the same form) under a Galilean transformation. If we write the general Galilean transformation as t=t'+t_{t} \bar{x}=R\bar{x}'+\bar{u}t'+\bar{t}_{\bar{x}} where R an orthogonal transformation, then velocity...
  39. M

    Diagramming Galilean Telescope w/ Ray Diagram

    I need to diagram a galilean teliscope for a project at school using a ray diagram. I know how to do the ray diagram for the first convex lens, but how does it work with the second concave lens. It always makes the image smaller for me. Does anyone know how to do this? Pictures would be great!
  40. M

    Galilean Invariance and the Special Principle of Relativity

    To what extent is the PoR an extension of the galilean PoI? A stated consequence of the Galilean PoI is that inertial observers cannot determine by experiment if they are "in motion" or "at rest", with a similar consequence being mentioned for the PoR - to what extent to these differ, does...
  41. R

    Momentum and Energy and Galilean Relativity

    Homework Statement Suppose you have two bodies (assume a unit mass) approaching one another at the same speed, i.e., the velocities, v, have the same magnitude but are in opposite directions. Presumably the center of mass is half way between them, and it is not moving. It appears that the...
  42. W

    Proper definition of world lines in Galilean and Minkowskian spacetime

    I posted several questions on Galilean and Minkowskian spacetime on this forum lately, but I just don't seem to be able to get a real grip on things. I noticed that the core of my problems mostly arise from the definition of world lines. Therefore I tried formulating a definition of them in both...
  43. W

    Galilean principle of relativity

    A Galilean transformation consists of a rotation (in space), a boost (in space) and a translation (in space and time). This can be represented for homogeneous coordinates as \left[\begin{matrix}t'\\x'\\y'\\z'\\1\end{matrix}\right]= \left[\begin{matrix} 1&0&0&0&t_{t}\\...
  44. W

    Convergence in Galilean space-time

    To talk about differentiable vector fields in Galilean space-time, one needs to define convergence. Galilean space-time is an affine space and its associated vector space is a real 4-dimensional vector space which has a 3-dimensional subspace isomorphic to Euclidean vector space. There is no...
  45. K

    Connection between the generators of the Galilean group and physical quantities

    How can I see that the generators of the Galilean group correspond to energy, momentum, etc.? References which cover the Galilean group and algebra as well as their realization in phase space are appreciated, especially if they are not too sophisticated. Thanks kith
  46. G

    Galilean transformation - can you show me an example?

    I'm still having trouble with the basic foundations of relativity so I am taking a look here at the Galilean transformation. I know the only thing that changes is x' = x-vt Now can someone explain what each variable stands for and can show me how you would do an actual example with...
  47. Z

    Galilean Transformation Limitations: Explained w/ Example

    Discuss the limitation of the galilean transformation,by using an example
  48. L

    Galilean and Lorentz transformation

    1. What is the limitation of the Galilean transformation? 2. What are difference between Lorentz transformation and Galilean transformation?
  49. L

    Galilean transformation / calculating frequency problem

    Hi everyone, Homework Statement I have a mass like in the drawing and a moving cart with constant acceleration. The potential (also in the drawing) is given as V=A4x^{4} I want to calculate the frequency of the oscillation of the mass as a function of the acceleration when the cart is...
  50. S

    Galilean invariance of Maxwell equation

    always say us Maxwell equations are not covariance under Galilean Transformation They say merely this because of constant speed of light that the result of Maxwell Equations But there arent any excitability prove for Non-Ggalilean invariance of Maxwell equation I Decided try to show...
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