What is Value: Definition and 1000 Discussions

In ethics, value denotes the degree of importance of some thing or action, with the aim of determining what actions are best to do or what way is best to live (normative ethics), or to describe the significance of different actions. Value systems are prospective and prescriptive beliefs; they affect ethical behavior of a person or are the basis of their intentional activities. Often primary values are strong and secondary values are suitable for changes. What makes an action valuable may in turn depend on the ethical values of the objects it increases, decreases or alters. An object with "ethic value" may be termed an "ethic or philosophic good" (noun sense).Values can be defined as broad preferences concerning appropriate courses of actions or outcomes. As such, values reflect a person's sense of right and wrong or what "ought" to be. "Equal rights for all", "Excellence deserves admiration", and "People should be treated with respect and dignity" are representatives of values. Values tend to influence attitudes and behavior and these types include ethical/moral values, doctrinal/ideological (religious, political) values, social values, and aesthetic values. It is debated whether some values that are not clearly physiologically determined, such as altruism, are intrinsic, and whether some, such as acquisitiveness, should be classified as vices or virtues.

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  1. B

    QM: Expectation value of raising and lowering operator

    Homework Statement Using J^2 \mid j,m_z \rangle = h^2 j(j+1) \mid j,m_z \rangle J_z \mid j,m_z \rangle = hm_z \mid j,m_z \rangle Derive that : \langle j,m_z \mid J_-J_+ \mid j,m_z \rangle = h^2[ j(j+1) - m_z(m_z+1)] Homework Equations J_- = J_x - iJ_y J_+ = J_x + iJ_y The...
  2. P

    Mean value theorem, closed intervals

    Mean Value Theorem Suppose that ##f## is a function that is continuous on ##[a,b]## and differentiable on ##(a,b)##. Then there is at least one ##c## in ##(a,b)## such that: $$f'(c) = \frac{f(b) - f(a)}{b - a}$$ My question is: wouldn't it be better to state that ##c## is in ##[a,b]## rather...
  3. P

    Definite integral of an absolute value function

    Can we integrate: $$\int_a^b |x| dx$$ using an antiderivative of ##|x|##, namely ##\frac{1}{2} x |x|##, instead of splitting up the integration interval? I know this is not particularly useful for integrals such as: $$\int_{-5}^5 |t^3 - 8| dt$$ However, for absolute value functions with linear...
  4. Gvido_Anselmi

    Calculating the Average Value of Square Spin for a Composite System

    Hello everyone. Let us consider two fermions whose spin state wave functions are certain (normalized) ##\psi_{1}## and ##\psi_{2}##. So the overall normalized spin state wave function of this system is of the form: ##\psi = (1/\sqrt{2})(\psi_{1} \psi_{2} - \psi_{2} \psi_{1})## Is there any...
  5. S

    Calculating Spearman's Rho Value Matrix for 6x6 Matrix

    So I'm interested in calculating the Spearman correlation matrix, but I am running into some issues. All of the examples I have found only calculate rho scores between two columns. I am trying to replicate results from a white paper...
  6. AwesomeTrains

    Maximum position expectation value for 1D harmonic oscillator

    Hey, I'm stuck halfway through the solution it seems. I could use some tips on how to continue. 1. Homework Statement I have to determine a linear combination of the states |0\rangle, |1\rangle, of a one dimensional harmonic oscillator, so that the expectation value \langle x \rangle is a...
  7. M

    MHB Green's theorem - Boundary value problem has at most one solution

    Hey! :o Prove using Green's theorem that the boundary value problem $$\frac{\partial}{\partial{x}}\left ( (1+x^2)\frac{\partial{u}}{\partial{x}}\right )+\frac{\partial}{\partial{y}}\left ( (1+x^2+y^2)\frac{\partial{u}}{\partial{y}}\right ) -(1+x^2+y^4)u=f(x,y), x^2+y^2<1 \\ u(x, y)=g(x,y)...
  8. Julio1

    MHB Boundary Value Problem: Solving with Eigenvalues and Eigenvectors

    Solve the boundary value problem: $\left\{ \begin{array}{lcl} y''&=&0,\hspace{1.0mm} 1<x<2\\ y(1)&=&0\\ y(3)+y'(3)&=&0 \end{array} \right. $ For the problem, I first calculate the eigenvalues and after check the roots and finally find the eigenvectors. Is correct this? Help me please :).
  9. M

    Expectation value of momentum in symmetric 2D H.O

    Homework Statement Consider the following inital states of the symmetric 2D harmonic oscillator ket (phi 1) = 1/sqrt(2) (ket(0)_x ket(1)_y + ket (1)_x ket (0)_y) ket (phi 2) = 1/sqrt(2) (ket(0)_x ket(0)_y + ket (1)_x ket (0)_y) Calculate the <p_x (t)> for each state Homework EquationsThe...
  10. R

    Interpolate value in velocity vs time table

    Homework Statement Table gives the rectilinear motion of a 4kg mass over a 5 s time interval. When the time was 3.8 seconds, the velocity of the mass was approximately what Homework EquationsThe Attempt at a Solution I first just tried to find the average of the velocities at 3.5 and 4.0...
  11. arpon

    Finding value of constants of quadric equation by experiment

    Homework Statement Suppose, the following equation describes the relation between an independent and a dependent variable physical quantities(that will be measured by experiments; for example, temperature, current, voltage etc) x & y : ##y = ax^2 + bx + c## We have to find the values of the...
  12. shanepitts

    Why same initial value in power series

    Homework Statement Find a power series representation for the function below & determine the radius of convergence. f (x)=(1+x)/(1-x)2 2.Relevant equation Shown in attached image below which is the solution the problem. 3.The attempt at a solution I'm trying to fathom the solution here...
  13. T

    What is the value of curvature which caused by earth

    What is the value of curvature which caused by earth(geodetic effect) on space-time?
  14. Angelos K

    LAPACK dgeev: parameter had illegal value

    Mod note: I revised the code below slightly, changing the loop control variable i to either j or k. The reason for this is that the browser mistakes the letter i in brackets for the BBCode italics tag, which causes some array expressions to partially disappear. Hello, I am trying for the first...
  15. T

    Value of Cosmological Constant

    Hi. I was just curious about the current value of the cosmological constant. My astrophysics class lecture notes say on the order of 10^-122, but the Wikipedia article says 10^-35 s^-2. Could someone explain where the 10^-35 s^-2 value comes from? Thanks!
  16. PsychonautQQ

    Integral of absolute value function

    how do i evaluate say a definite integral from [-3,3] of |x+1|? Any advice? I'm so confused.
  17. M

    MHB Initial Value Problem for a System of Linear Differential Equations

    Hey! :o We have the following initial value problem: $$x' = \frac{1}{2}(45 − x) + \frac{1}{4}(y − x) \\ y' = \frac{1}{4}(x − y) + \frac{1}{2}(35 − y) + \frac{1}{2}(z − y) + 20 \\ z' = \frac{1}{2}(y − z) + \frac{1}{2}(35 − z)$$ This can be written as follows: $$\begin{pmatrix} x\\ y\\...
  18. shanepitts

    Why is the absolute value only in the numerator here?

  19. anemone

    MHB Find the greatest possible value of tan B.

    Let $A,\,B$ be acute angles such that $\tan B=2015\sin A \cos A-2015\sin^2 A \tan B$. Find the greatest possible value of $\tan B$.
  20. Robsta

    Show E must exceed minimum value of V(x) to be normalizable

    Homework Statement Show that E must exceed the minimum value for V(x) for every normalizable solution to the TISE, Hψ = Eψ Hint: rewrite the TISE as d2ψ/dx2 = (2m/ħ)(V(x) - E) Homework Equations I understand how to get the TISE Hψ = Eψ into the form of the hint by using the hamiltonian and...
  21. L

    MHB Can a Counterexample Disprove a Conditional Expected Value Statement?

    I know that the following is true and I've already proven it. Let $Y$ be a random variable and $\varphi$ a measurable function. Let $A$ be a $\Sigma_Y$ measurable set. If $ X (\omega) = \varphi(Y (\omega))$ for all $\omega\in A $ , then $\mathbb{E}(X|Y )(\omega) = \varphi(Y (\omega))$ for...
  22. R

    Finding the value of integral.

    Homework Statement $$ \int_0^{\pi} \frac{x(sinx)^{2n}}{(sinx)^{2n}+(cosx)^{2n}} $$ = A) π2 B) 2π2 C) π2/4 D) π/2 Homework Equations $$ \int_0^π f(x)dx = \int_0^π f(a-x)dx $$ The Attempt at a Solution If we put n = 1, we get the C option π2/4 But is it true for all n?
  23. R

    Value of an unusual vector notation

    Homework Statement If a,b,c are three -zero vectors such that each one of them are perpendicular to the sum of the other two vectors, then the value of | a, b, c|2 is |a|2 + |b|2 + |c|2 |a| + |b| + |c| 2(|a|2 + |b|2 + |c|2) ½(|a|2 + |b|2 + |c|2) Homework Equations a.b = ab cosθ |axb|= ab sinθ...
  24. Jaco Viljoen

    Logarithm state the value of x for which the equation is defined

    Homework Statement Consider the equation: 3logx5+2logx2-log1/x2=3 a)State which values of x for which the equation is defined. b)Solve the equation for x. Homework EquationsThe Attempt at a Solution 3logx5+2logx2-log1/x2=3 =logx53+logx22-log1/x2=3 =logx125+logx4-log1/x2=3 =logx500-log1/x2=3...
  25. S

    MHB Find Exact Values of Cosθ, Cscθ & Tanθ | Point (-3,2)

    Let (-3, 2) be a point on the terminal side of θ. Find exact values of cosθ, cscθ, and tanθ? Can anyone help!?
  26. K

    MHB Absolute Value of Complex Integral

    Let $[a,b]$ be a closed real interval. Let $f:[a,b] \to \mathbb{C}$ be a continuous complex-valued function. Then $$\bigg|\int_{b}^{a} f(t)dt \ \bigg| \leq \int_{b}^{a} \bigg|f(t)\bigg| dt,$$ where the first integral is a complex integral, and the second integral is a definite real integral...
  27. Hardik Batra

    What is the unit value of coulomb constant(k)?

    What is the unit value of coulomb constant(k)? I just want to know the CGS unit value of k. In my book it is said the CGS unit value of k is 1. By i don't know how it come.?
  28. Basimalasi

    How can I get the pressure value inside a solar absorber

    so I'm doing a little project in solar thermal energy and I want to do the calculations before I start anything. I am stuck on getting the value of the pressure of the water inside the absorber when the temreture gets to 350 C. Is there a way to calculate it using thermodynamics table or...
  29. mooncrater

    ##K_{sp}## value and solubility

    Homework Statement I read this line in my textbook: "##PbS,CdS## are precipated in dilute solution only due to higher ##K_{sp}##" And I googled about the relation between solubility and ##K_{sp}## and I found that: "More is the ##K_{sp}## of a salt more it is soluble in a solution(I think...
  30. B

    Polynomials over a ring evaluated at a value?

    In ring theory, a polynomial over a rings, say ## R[x] ## is presented as an abstract object of the form: ## p(x) = a_{n}x^{n} + ...+ a_{1}x + a_{0} ## where the coefficients ## a_{n}...a_{0} ## are from a ring R with unity and ##x## is a formal symbol. So what is the significance of ## p(x+1)...
  31. Nate810

    Show that the expectation value of momentum is zero

    Homework Statement Demonstrate that the expectation value of momentum (p) for the wave function: ψ(x)∝e^(-γx) when x>0, ψ(x)=0 when x<0. Hint: Pay special attention to the discontinuity at x=0.[/B] Homework Equations <p>=<ψ|p|ψ>=∫dxψ*(x)[-iħ∂/∂x]ψ(x) from -∞ to ∞. [/B]The Attempt at a...
  32. Zaent

    Find the value of x of the fourier series defined by

    Homework Statement Homework Equations The Attempt at a Solution http://imgur.com/7TRWjBg I don't really get what it's asking. I don't know how to define a Fourier series when the boundaries for X are between non-multiples of Pi. On top of that, it has one boundary that has 4<x<2Pi. How can...
  33. I

    Expectation value of a real scalar field in p state

    Hello, I've been trying to find <p'|φ(x)|p> for a free scalar field. and integral of <p'|φ(x)φ(x)|p> over 3d in doing the space In writing φ(x) as In doing the first, I get the creation and annihilation operators acting on |p> giving |p+1> and |p-1> which are different from the bra state |p>...
  34. M

    MHB Maximum Value of k in $(1+\frac{1}{a})(1+\frac{1}{b}) \ge k$ is 9

    For any positive real numbers a, b such that $a+b=1$, the inequality $(1+\frac{1}{a})(1+\frac{1}{b})\ge k$. Find the maximum value of $k \in \Bbb{R}$. I did: $(1+\frac{1}{a})(1+\frac{1}{b})= \frac{a+1}{a} \cdot \frac{b+1}{b}=\frac{ab+a+b+1}{ab}= 1+\frac{2}{ab} \ge k$ Using the Cauchy's...
  35. M

    MHB Initial & Boundary Value Problem-Fourier

    Hey! :o We have the initial and boundary value problem $$u_{xx}(x,y)+u_{yy}(x,y)=0 , x^2+y^2<1 \\ u(x,y)=0 \\ u(1, \theta)=\sin{\theta}, 0< \theta< \pi$$ $$U_{\rho \rho}(\rho, \theta)+ \frac{1}{\rho^2} U_{\theta \theta}=0, 0< \rho<1, 0< \theta< \pi$$ We are looking for solutions of the form...
  36. W

    How do I find the critical value of shear stress?

    Homework Statement Finding the critical value of shear stress at the junction and at the neutral axis Homework Equations stress max = (Bending moment x height from neutral axis)/Moment of inertia Shear stress = Shear force/area The Attempt at a Solution I am able to do the first 2 parts but...
  37. R

    Finding value in a complex set region

    Homework Statement The largest value of r for which the region represented by the set { ω ε C / |ω - 4 - i| ≤ r} is contained in the region represented by the set { z ε C / |z - 1| ≤ |z + i|}, is equal to : √17 2√2 3/2 √2 5/2 √2 Homework Equations complex number = a + ib where a,b ε R The...
  38. E

    MHB Find the minimal polynomial of some value a over Q

    I'm trying find the minimal polynomial of a=3^{1/3}+9^{1/3} over the rational numbers. I am currently going about this by trying to construct a polynomial from a (using what I intuitively feel would be a sufficiently small number of operations). Then I'd show it's irreducible by decomposing it...
  39. genxium

    Relative Velocities Equal in Std Config? Lorentz Transform

    In the wikipedia page of Lorentz Transformation (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lorentz_transformation#Lorentz_transformation_for_frames_in_standard_configuration) it's said that The problem I'm having here is that while taking Lorentz Transformation as true, I failed to verify the statement...
  40. anemone

    MHB Find maximum integral value of k

    Find the maximum integral value of $k$ such that $(k-4)(x^2+x+1)^2-(k-3)(x^2+x+1)(x^2+x+2)+(x^2+x+2)^2=0$ has at least one real root for $x$.
  41. anemone

    MHB What is the minimum value of y in the Absolute Value Function?

    Determine the minimum of $y$ where $y=|x-1|+|2x-1|+|3x-1|+\cdots+|nx-1|$.
  42. C

    Finding the Value of cot(pi/8) in the form a + b*sqrt(2)

    Homework Statement Show that sin(2θ) / (1 + cos(2θ) = tan(θ) - I've completed this part Hence find the value of cot(π/8) in the form a + b√(2), where a, b ∈ ℤ Homework Equations cot(θ) = (1 + cos(2θ)) / sin(2θ) The Attempt at a Solution I did the math, got (1 + cos(π/4)) / sin(π/4) = (1 +...
  43. J

    Minimum value of the electric field

    Homework Statement The potential difference Δϕ between the plates of a spherical capacitor is kept constant. Show that the electric field at the surface of the inner sphere will be a minimum at a = b/2, where a is the radius of the inner sphere and b is the radius of the outer sphere. Homework...
  44. K

    Calculating log liklihood: Zero value of likelihood function

    Hello, I am analysing hydrology data and curve fitting to check the best probability distribution among 8 candidate distribution. (2 and 3 parameter distributions) The selection is based on the lowest AIC value. While doing my calculation in excel, how is it suggested to treat very low (approx...
  45. M

    Notation: getting one value from arg max

    I want to take the arg max over a number of functions as below, however it is possible that there are multiple i's for which the result is maximal. How do i denote that I want to take the last possible i, for example if it results in 3 and 5 I want it to return 5, is there notation available for...
  46. Zaent

    Physics What adds value to a Physicist?

    Particularly, I mean trained skills rather than traits. For example, for a blank student/graduate who knows only physics theory, learning LaTeX would put them a little bit ahead. Then maybe some programming, learning simulation software etc. I'm finishing up my 2nd year in undergraduate right...
  47. B

    Mean Value Theorem for integrals

    Homework Statement Prove the Mean Value Theorem for integrals by applying the Mean Value Theorem for derivatives to the function F(x) = \int_a^x \, f(t) \, dt Homework Equations [/B] Mean Value Theorem for integrals: If f is continuous on [a, b], then there exists a number c in [a, b]...
  48. P

    Exploring the Value of Dual BA Programs in Math & Physics

    Hi all, Here is my story. My school offers BA and BS for both physics and math. I am currently a junior in the BS programs for both physics and math. The only difference between the two are merely the language courses verses the two science and society courses (S&SC). I have been told about the...
  49. blue_leaf77

    Expectation value of 1/(1+x)

    I have an inner product ## \langle \alpha|f| \beta \rangle## where ##f## is an operator that is a function of position ##x## operator (1D). According to the book I read (and I'm sure in any other book as well), that inner product can be written in position representation as ## \int...
  50. CAH

    Neutral isotopes of atom, state possible value for A & Z?

    A neutral atom of radium isotope may be represented by: 228 Ra (88 proton number, 228 nucleon number). 88...
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