What is Value: Definition and 1000 Discussions

In ethics, value denotes the degree of importance of some thing or action, with the aim of determining what actions are best to do or what way is best to live (normative ethics), or to describe the significance of different actions. Value systems are prospective and prescriptive beliefs; they affect ethical behavior of a person or are the basis of their intentional activities. Often primary values are strong and secondary values are suitable for changes. What makes an action valuable may in turn depend on the ethical values of the objects it increases, decreases or alters. An object with "ethic value" may be termed an "ethic or philosophic good" (noun sense).Values can be defined as broad preferences concerning appropriate courses of actions or outcomes. As such, values reflect a person's sense of right and wrong or what "ought" to be. "Equal rights for all", "Excellence deserves admiration", and "People should be treated with respect and dignity" are representatives of values. Values tend to influence attitudes and behavior and these types include ethical/moral values, doctrinal/ideological (religious, political) values, social values, and aesthetic values. It is debated whether some values that are not clearly physiologically determined, such as altruism, are intrinsic, and whether some, such as acquisitiveness, should be classified as vices or virtues.

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  1. chwala

    Find the correct value of the mean in the given problem

    Find the problem and solution below; Now the part i do not seem to understand from the given solution is the negative value i.e to be specific ##-0.06## In my understanding we shall have ##5## possibilities with each giving the correct mean value of ##3.48## which implies ##+0.06## from the...
  2. C

    More articles like Feynman's Value of Science (1955)?

    I just read Feynman's The Value of Science and really appreciated his perspective. We generally value art, literature, and poetry but if you want to do science for the sake of science people take offense. It takes years to build a foundation before you can appreciate it, so the general public...
  3. Sphere

    B The value of the standard acceleration due to Earth's gravity

    Hello, I noticed while trying to calculate the stardart gravity acceleration of the Earth that I never arrived at the defined value of 9.80665 m/s2 no matter that I calculate it with the equatorial radius, the polar radius, mean radius or the average of the equatorial and polar radius. With what...
  4. M

    Determine the value of the obscured digit

    Consider the bank identification number ## 237a_{4}18538 ##. Note that ## a_{9}=8 ##. This means \begin{align*} &a_{9}\equiv (2\cdot 7+3\cdot 3+7\cdot 9+a_{4}\cdot 7+1\cdot 3+8\cdot 9+5\cdot 7+3\cdot 3)\pmod {10}\\ &\equiv (205+7a_{4})\pmod {10}\\ &\equiv (5+7a_{4})\pmod {10}.\\ \end{align*}...
  5. karush

    MHB 5.5.2 average value of sqrt{x} [0,4]

    $\tiny{s8.5.5.2}$ Find the average value of the function on the given interval. $\sqrt{x}\quad [0,4]$ average value $\boxed{f_{ave}=\dfrac{1}{b-a}\int_a^b f(x) \ dx}$ so with $a=0$ and $b=4$ thus $\dfrac{1}{4-0}\displaystyle\int_0^4 \sqrt{x} \ dx \implies...
  6. D

    I Is the Energy Expectation Value Always Real and Above a Minimum Potential?

    Hi A theorem states that if V(x , t) ≥ V0 then <E> is real and <E> ≥V0 for any normalizable state. The proof contains the following line <E> = (ħ2/2m)∫∇ψ*∇ψ d3x + ∫ Vψ*ψ d3x ≥ ∫ V0ψ*ψ Can anybody explain why that inequality is true ? Thanks
  7. Keysa

    How to find the positive maximum value of a function

    This is the code that i wrote Clear["Global`*"] Z = 500; W = 100000; G = 250; H = 100; K = 0.5; T = 30; L = 4000; P = 5; S = 2.5; Y = 1; A = 0.1; V = 2.5; J = 8000; f[x_] := 1/ x {(J*Z*x*(2*Y - x))/( 2*Y) - ((W + T*G) + ((L + T*P)*2*Z*Y*(1 - ((Y - x)/Y)^1.5))/ 3 + (H + T*S +...
  8. Tesla In Person

    Comp Sci Scratch codes -- Find the value of a at the end of the program

    Hi, i am really new to scratch programming so I am having difficulties in interpreting how does this code work ? I understand the first block set a = 5. But i don't know what is that " Repeat 10 " block. What does it do? So really stuck at that "repeat 10" so haven't gone further.
  9. Bruno Cardin

    A Expectation value in Heisenberg picture: creation and annihilation

    So, I have a hamiltonian for screening effect, written like: $$ H=\sum_{k}^{}\epsilon_{k}c_{k}^{\dagger}c_{k}+ \frac{1}{\Omega}\sum_{k,q}^{}V(q,t)c_{k+q}^{\dagger}c_{k} $$ And I have to find an equation for the time evolution of the expected value of the operator ##c_{k-Q}^{\dagger}c_{k}##. I...
  10. WMDhamnekar

    Using Multiple integrals to compute expected value

    I want to know how did author derive the red underlined term in the following Example?
  11. WMDhamnekar

    MHB Probability, Expected value, joint P.D.F. and order statistics

    I want to know how did author derive the red underlined term in the below given Example? Would any member of Math help board enlighten me in this regard? Any math help will be accepted.
  12. M

    Python Programming a recursive expected value card game

    Hi PF! Take a deck of cards. 26 are red and 26 are black. You draw cards randomly without replacement: if the card is red you gain a dollar, if black you lose a dollar. What's the expected value? My thought process was to look at simple cases and build to a 52 card deck. We know if ##r=0##...
  13. S

    Probability of getting the smallest value of cards

    There are 3 cases of getting 2 as smallest values: (1) Taking one card (n = 1) → Probability = 1/4 (2) Taking two cards (n = 2) → Probability = 1/4 x 2/3 x 2! = 1/3 (3) Taking three cards (n = 3) → Probability = 1/4 x 1/3 x 1/2 x 3! = 1/4 Total probability = 1/4 + 1/3 + 1/4 = 5/6 But the...
  14. chwala

    Find the value of the definite integral

    Find question here, My approach, using cosine sum and product concept, we shall have; ##\cos (A+B)-\cos (A-B)=-2\sin A\sin B## ##⇒\cos D-\cos C=-2\sin\dfrac{C+D}{2} \sin\dfrac {C-D}{-2}## ##⇒-3[\cos(A+B)-\cos(A-B)]=6\sin A sinB## We are given ##A=4θ## and ##B=2θ##, therefore, ##⇒-3[\cos...
  15. N

    How to Calculate the Pseudoinverse Using the SVD?

    My Answer: I am still beginner in this area so it s quite hard for me to understand this one. I am not sure what the output that this question asked me. I thought it might be asked about the value of x1, x2, x3, and x4
  16. S

    Value of p for dp/dt to be maximum

    To find maximum of ##\frac{dp}{dt} \rightarrow \frac{d^{2} p}{dt^{2}}=0## $$\frac{k}{c}p'(t)(1-p(t)^{c})-\frac{k}{c}p(t)(c.p(t)^{c-1}).p'(t)=0$$ $$p'(t)=0~\text{or}~p(t)=\left(\frac{1}{c+1}\right)^{\frac{1}{c}}$$ For p'(t) = 0 → p(t) = 0 or p(t) = 1 So I have 3 values of p(t), how to know...
  17. ssafdarpk

    A What will be value of this differential? Kindly help and explain

    Can someone help me understand the answer to this differential? I have the following expression where Now what I can understand the differential of what will be the following?
  18. dgsfbandeira

    I How to 'reverse' derive correct value when given MEAN + SD

    I have a scatterplot that I'm trying to extract. I found 54 values out of 55. There is one "missing" value, probably because it is overlapped and I can't actually see. I have the MEAN and Stand Dev of the 55 values. Is there a way to reverse find the one that is missing? I mean, is there a...
  19. kalm1307

    Resistor value given capacitance and EMF with a resistance R after 3ms

    T=R/C So: 0.003s=R/100μC R=3*10^-7Ω I am really confused with the equations I have to use
  20. ofirg55

    I Why Can We Use This Mathematical Formula for Mean Value of Measurement?

    Hi, I'm new to the quantum world, and would like to know why mathematically can we say that for mean value of measurment: <T>=<phi|T|phi> ?
  21. r4g3r4hk

    B Does air resistance have a max value?

    I know that friction on a surface has a maximum value. When an object is pushed with a force greater than the maximum friction value, the object will move. But when a free-falling object falls from a height, does air resistance have a maximum value as well?
  22. MathMan2022

    Finding the maximum size of an Initial Value Problem coefficient

    The following IVP diff(T(x), x) = v/200*(45 - T(x)) + 0.015*(22 - T(x)) where T(0)=39 Describes the tempetatur T in celcius at the time x of a tub filled with water. A tub which is filled with hot water at rate of v l/min. Lets say I am told that a guy takes a 40 min bath, and during those 40...
  23. Mr_Allod

    Position expectation value of 2D harmonic oscillator in magnetic field

    Hello there, for the above problem the wavefunctions can be shown to be: $$\psi_{n,l}=\left[ \frac {b}{2\pi l_b^2} \frac{n!}{2^l(n+l)!}\right]^{\frac12} \exp{(-il\theta - \frac {r^2\sqrt{b}}{4l_b^2})} \left( \frac {r\sqrt{b}}{l_b}\right)^lL_n^l(\frac {r^2b}{4l_b^2})$$ Here ##b = \sqrt{1 +...
  24. docnet

    Sum of Infinite Series: Finding the Value of S

    Using the given rule for the ##x_n##, write $$ \sum_l y_l = x_1 + \frac{1}{2} x_2 + \frac{1}{6} x_2 + \frac{1}{3} x_3 + \frac{1}{12} x_2 + \frac{1}{12} x_3 + \frac{1}{20} x_2 + \cdots + \frac{1}{n} x_n $$ $$ = x_1 + \sum_{n=2}^\infty \frac{1}{n(n-1)} x_2 + \sum_{n=3}^\infty \frac{2}{n(n-1)} x_3...
  25. Isopod

    Microscope Recommendations: Good value for money and takes photos?

    Hi there! I'm doing a project where I will be making 3 ecospheres (ecosphere = enclosed water ecosystem trapped in a jar) using water & substrate taken from 3 different natural sources. I'm hoping that microscopic life will flourish in these jars because my plan next is to study the lifeforms...
  26. fluidistic

    I Extremely strange consequence of the speed of heat value

    By chance, I have read a paper that left me in shambles. I would like you to help me figure out if it makes sense or not. I tried to follow Bridgman's logic, without a complete success. The extraordinary claim is that, if you start with a system consisting of a 1cm^3 copper cube where 2 faces...
  27. chwala

    Understanding the Mean value theorem

    Can we have two tangents (two turning points) within the given two end points just asking? I know the theorem holds when there is a tangent to a point ##c## and a secant line joining the two end points. Or Theorem only holds for one tangent point. Cheers
  28. chwala

    Find the value of ##5x+5y## in the given equation

    This is a problem created by me. Ok my approach on this, ##2x##=##-\dfrac {7}{2}####y## ##4x=-7y## ##\dfrac {x}{y}=\dfrac {-7}{4}## ##⇒x=-7##, ##y=4## therefore, ##5x+5y=-35+20=-15##. there may be more solutions...your thoughts guys.
  29. B

    Need help in manipulating rational absolute value inequalities

    How does one manipulate rational absolute inequalities? For example, I want to transform the absolute value inequality ##|x-3|<1## to ##\frac{|x+3|}{5x^2}<A \ ##, for some number ##\text{A}##, to find an upper and lower bound on the latter term using the constraint in the first term, and not...
  30. P

    I Mean value theorem - prove inequality

    I don't need an answer (although I don't have sadly, it's from a test). I need just a tip on how to start it... i cannot use Taylor in here (##\ln(x)## is not Taylor function), therefore, its only MVT, but I don't know which point I should try... since I must get the annoying ##\ln(x)##...
  31. F

    I How to define expectation value in relativistic quantum mechanics?

    In non relativistic quantum mechanics, the expectation value of an operator ##\hat{O}## in state ##\psi## is defined as $$<\psi |\hat{O}|\psi>=\int\psi^* \hat{O} \psi dx$$. Since the scalar product in relativistic quantum has been altered into $$|\psi|^2=i\int\left(\psi^*\frac{\partial...
  32. S

    MHB Infinite series involving 'x' has a constant value

    How to prove that \[ \sum_{i=1}^{\infty}\frac{1}{2^{3i}}\left(\csc^{2}\left(\frac{\pi x}{2^{i}}\right)+1\right)\sec^{2}\left(\frac{\pi x}{2^{i}}\right)\sin^{2}\left(\pi x\right)=1 \] for all \( x\in\mathbb{R} \). Using graph, we can see that the value of this series is 1 for all values of x...
  33. S

    Which of these logarithms has the biggest value?

    Is there any way to answer the question without just calculating it using calculator, maybe manipulating the number using logarithm properties? Thanks
  34. chwala

    Find the value of ##r## and ##s## in the given quadratic equation

    Let the roots of the given quadratic equation be ##x=α## and ##x=β## then our quadratic equation will be of the form; $$x^2-(α+β)x+αβ$$ It follows that ##(α+β)=(r+is)## and ##αβ=4##. We are informed that ##α^2+β^2=6i ## then $$6i=(r+is)(r+is)-8$$ ... $$8+6i=(r^2-s^2)+2rsi$$ solving the...
  35. V

    Solving for z in the Equation tan z = 1 + 2i

    Find the values of tan-1(1+2i). We can use the fact: tan-1z = (i/2)log((i+z)/(i-z)). Then with substitutions we have (i/2)log((1+3i)/(-i-1)). Then I think the next step would be (i/2)(log(1+3i)-log(-1-i)). Do we then just proceed to solve log(1+3i) and log(-1-i)? I'm just a little confused...
  36. chwala

    Find the least possible value of ##|z-w|## -Complex numbers

    OK, here once a sketch is done, we have two circles ##c_1## and ##c_2## with centre's ##c_1 (3,2)## and ##c_2 (7,5)## having radius ##2## and ##1## respectively. It follows that the distance between the the two centre's is given by ##L=\sqrt {(7-3)^2+(5-2)^2}##=##5## Now, the least possible...
  37. chwala

    Find the maximum value of the product of two real numbers

    Using the inequality of arithmetic and geometric means, $$\frac {x+y}{2}≥\sqrt{xy}$$ $$6^2≥xy$$ $$36≥xy$$ I can see the textbook answer is ##36##, my question is can ##x=y?##, like in this case.
  38. chwala

    Find the value of ##N## in the logarithm problem

    My approach is as follows; $$\log_8 N= \frac {1}{2} p$$ $$\log_2 (2N)=q$$ $$→8^{\scriptstyle\frac 1 2} = N$$ $$ 2^q=2N$$ $$2^{\scriptstyle\frac 3 2} =N$$ $$2^q= 2N$$ then from 1 and 2, it follows that, $$2^{q-1.5p} =2,$$ on solving the simultaneous equation; $$q-1.5p=1, q-p=4$$, we get...
  39. Addez123

    Another max value on surface (no boundaries)

    I've double-checked my equations and can't find what's wrong. First I calculate the partials: $$f_x = (2x - 2x^3 -4xy^2)e^{-x^2, -y^2}$$ $$f_y = (-2yx^2 + 4y - 4y^3)e^{-x^2, -y^2}$$ By setting f_x = 0 I get: $$x^2 = 1 - 2y^2$$ Then I calculate f_y = 0 $$-2yx^2 + 4y - 4y^3 = 0$$ I plug in the...
  40. C

    I 64% n.th + COP4 = more heat out of fuel than its calorific value?

    Something that has been on my mind a while. If a CCGT generates electrical power at 64% efficiency, and a COP4 heat pump, powered by that generator, generates 4 times the thermal power to electrical power, wouldn't that mean we can get 256% heat out of the fuel's calorific value? Maybe that is...
  41. D

    Magnitude and average value of energy intensity of light beam

    I tried using the equations above, but I wasn't really able to come up with an intuitive explanation. From my understanding, the electric field vector only varies in the x-y plane while the magnetic field vector only varies in the z-y plane. Also, both vary sinusoidally and both reach extrema...
  42. mcastillo356

    I Extreme value nonexistence proof

    Hi, PF "It is more difficult to draw the graph of a function whose domain has an endpoint at which the function fails to have an extreme value", states my textbook, "Calculus: A Complete Course" A function with no max or min at an endpoint Let...
  43. docnet

    Find the expected value of a coin flipping game

    summary: you toss six coins. if you have 3 heads, you don't get any money. if you have 4 or more heads, you get the number of heads amount of dollars. if you have 2 or less heads, you toss six coins again and get the number of heads amount of dollars. the number of ways to get 0 head...
  44. mcas

    Show that an expected value of a vacuum state is equal to 1

    \langle \phi_0| \hat{c}_{-k \downarrow} \hat{c}_{k \uparrow}\hat{c}^\dagger_{k \uparrow}\hat{c}_{-k \downarrow}|\phi_0\rangle = \\ \langle \phi_0| - \hat{c}_{k \uparrow} \hat{c}_{-k \downarrow} \hat{c}^\dagger_{k \uparrow}\hat{c}_{-k \downarrow}|\phi_0\rangle = \\ \langle \phi_0| \hat{c}_{k...
  45. S

    Intermediate Value Theorem Problem on a String

    Preceding Problem. Let ##y=f(x)## be a continuous function defined on a closed interval ##[0, b]## with the property that ##0 < f(x) < b## for all ##x## in ##[0, b]##. Show that there exist a point ##c## in ##[0, b]## with the property that ##f(c) = c##. This problem can be solved by letting...
  46. A

    Finding the value of the electric charge

    Hello! I am susposed to find the force of q3.The problem is given as in the picture ; Now we are given a hint,and it says the following: "First calculate the forces of the individual charges on q3. The superposition principle says that you can then simply add these forces vectorially to get...
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