What is Solid: Definition and 1000 Discussions

In object-oriented computer programming, SOLID is a mnemonic acronym for five design principles intended to make software designs more understandable, flexible, and maintainable. The principles are a subset of many principles promoted by American software engineer and instructor Robert C. Martin, first introduced in his 2000 paper Design Principles and Design Patterns.The SOLID concepts are

The Single-responsibility principle: "There should never be more than one reason for a class to change." In other words, every class should have only one responsibility.
The Open–closed principle: "Software entities ... should be open for extension, but closed for modification."
The Liskov substitution principle: "Functions that use pointers or references to base classes must be able to use objects of derived classes without knowing it". See also design by contract.
The Interface segregation principle: "Many client-specific interfaces are better than one general-purpose interface."
The Dependency inversion principle: "Depend upon abstractions, [not] concretions."The SOLID acronym was introduced later, around 2004, by Michael Feathers.Although the SOLID principles apply to any object-oriented design, they can also form a core philosophy for methodologies such as agile development or adaptive software development.

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  1. RedDelicious

    Use Gauss's Law to find the charge contained in the solid hemisphere

    Homework Statement edit: I had put this in the calculus section because it was a problem from Stewart but I guess it's closer to a physics problem considering the use of Gauss's Law. My apologies for any confusion this my [/B] I've been trying to do this problem without making use of the...
  2. M

    Solid State Physics - Modes of Oscillation of Atom

    Homework Statement [/B] My question is more about the math of the problem. For equation 22.97, how do I construct a 3x3 matrix from a 12 element series? After constructing the matrix should I set the determinant equal to 0 where I will find the determinant has 3 solutions (2 being...
  3. N

    Could you make an opaque solid matter's electrons have the same....

    ... same energy levels of electrons as in glass. What would it take to change the eV levels of the electrons in the solid opaque matter, to the same energy levels of the electrons in glass. There is nothing necessarily special about glass, it is just a combination of silicon, sodium, and...
  4. G

    I Why does high surface energy of the solid have more wetting?

    Hello. Recently, I have read the article about plasma surface treatment. The article says contact of the plasma to the surface of the sample increases surface energy by transferring plasma energy to the surface. Then it is suddenly saying that wettability of some industrial ink or paints on...
  5. F

    Volume of a Solid- 3D Calculus

    Homework Statement Find the volume of the given solid. Bounded by the planes z = x, y = x, x + y = 5 and z = 0 Homework Equations V =...
  6. karush

    MHB S4.6r.11 Solid of revolution about the y axis

    Given $$x_1^2 -y^2=a^2, \ \ x_2=a+h$$ Or $$x_1=\sqrt{a^2+y^2}$$ Find Volume about the $y$-axis So... $$\pi\int_{a}^{h} \left(x_2^2-x_1^2\right)\,dy$$ Actually I am clueless?!
  7. Theia

    MHB Volume of Solid of Revolution of f(x)

    Let f(x) = x^3 + 4x^2 - x + 5 revolve about the line y(x) = -x + 5. There will form one solid with finite volume. Find the volume of that solid.
  8. amjad-sh

    Physics Experimental solid state physics

    Hello I wish if anybody can enlighten me about experimental solid state physics. What they do every day? I mean who enroll in this major what careers they can find after completing their master degree in it? Is their a ph.D related to this major?
  9. N

    Volume of a solid bounded by a paraboloid and the x-y plane

    Homework Statement So I am trying to accomplish the above by using spherical coordinates, I am aware the problem may be solved using dv=dxdydz= zdxdy were z is known but I would like to try it using a different approach (using spherical coordinates). Any help would be greatly appreciated...
  10. M

    Static structural analysis on a solid sphere?

    Could you perform Static structural analysis on this solid sphere? No contacts to be used. I do not have any specific boundary conditions(unable to apply constraints to a complete solid spherical body) All i know is the pressure that needs to be applied. You could consider a smiley ball on...
  11. F

    Solid Rocket Fuel and Oxidant Agent

    Hello Forum, For a combustion to happen, there needs to be one material that plays the role of the fuel and another material that is the oxidant. For example, fuel and oxygen react together to produce light and heat and expanding gases. In making rocket fuel, sugar is used as fuel and...
  12. P

    I Diamagnetism vs. paramagnetism in solid state

    I am studying some solid state physics, in particular magnetism; I have a few questions about the explanations. My understanding is that paramagnetism is primarily an effect of the electron's spin-angular momentum: an unpaired electron will have a dipole moment which preferentially aligns with...
  13. N

    How to know what binding agent to use? (powder into pseudo solid form)

    Hey all, th easiest way to make a powdered non-salt based powder into pseudo solid form is the use of a binding agent (the way medical compounds are made into pills), how does one know what is the best binding agent for a compound r mix of compounds? Any links/table names/advice appreciated.
  14. A

    Solid State Best solid state physics textbook that can replace Kittel

    Hello I am having a really bad semester with solid state physics material, the book "introduction to solid state physics" by kittel is hard to follow and vague also it doesn't provide good explanations, always brief and fast. More than that my prof. is really good but have problems in...
  15. chikou24i

    Solid state / condensed matter physics books

    Can you give the name of an excited book of solid state / condensed matter physics ( beside kittel and ashcroft ) ? a book than contains more talking about experimental rather than theory
  16. memoryerasure1

    How does light interact, and travel through Solid matter as

    How does light interact, and travel through Solid matter as matter gets thicker, in width.?In the absorbion, and emission process of light, hitting electrons, I do not really understand that much, about electron energy levels, and how they change when a lot of atoms become molecules, and them...
  17. G

    Solid State Electronics: Is It Worth Pursuing?

    I am just finishing my A.S. in Electrical Engineering Tech. and am looking into bachelor programs. I want to double major in EE and physics. At the University of Iowa they have an applied physics program with a concentration in solid state electronics. I was wondering if solid state...
  18. K

    Are energy levels in a Debye solid equivalent to particles?

    Dear all, In the wiki article about Debye solid : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Debye_model , in the section 'Another derivation', below Eq. 6, the following statement is provided: Here, I understand the right hand side, which is nothing but the density of states/modes at the frequency \nu...
  19. Useful nucleus

    A Nonhydrostatic equation of state for a solid

    I could find many equation of states for solids under hydrostatic compression such as Birch-Murnaghan and Vinet but I could not find any derived equation of state for non-hydrostatic case. Are there any texts or papers that discuss such equations of states in some detail ?
  20. D

    How Do You Calculate the Volume of a Solid Rotated Around y=1?

    Homework Statement Find the volume of the solid obtained by rotating the region bounded by the given curves about the specified line. y=x2 x=y2 Rotated about y=1 Homework Equations Area of cross-section (in this case, a disk) = A(x) = π(outer radius)2 - π(inner radius)2 Volume = V = ∫A(x) dx...
  21. Adoniram

    Nearest Neighbors in solid state, but with basis

    Homework Statement What is the area of the primitive cell for the lattice shown below? The nearest neighbor separation is "a." Homework Equations Here's the lattice we were given on our handout, and I have added the lines to indicate the square lattice (in red), the basis (in purple), and...
  22. C

    Is there always a liquid surface between a solid and gas?

    So I'm reading that ice (solid) always has a liquid surface if it's surrounded by a gas. Does this mean every solid (e.g., my dining room table) also has a liquid surface because it's surrounded by gas? It doesn't seem to have a liquid surface. :-/ If something sublimes it skips this phase so I...
  23. Andreol263

    Solid State What would i need to begin in Solid State?

    What are the physics requeriments? and which book should i choose to begin to study?
  24. N

    Does anybody know the energy shells eV for glass, and solid carbon?

    Carbon. So is it known what energy levels for electrons in glass atoms are in eV to move to a higher shell level. Glass does not absorb any light, except UV. but what is the eV for the glass electron to get excited and leave the ground state, and move up to shell level 2, or energy band 2. Also...
  25. Suman Saha

    Solid State Advanced Solid State Physics Book: A Modern Alternative to Kittel and Ashcroft

    I found Kittel very complicated and Ashcroft outdated. I want something rather new, written in a advanced but familiar manner.
  26. N

    B Why does light transmit through glass/diamond, but not solid

    I am getting my head around energy bands in electrons, valence bands, and conduction bands, but its complicated to understand. But If if I ask the question this way it is more simple to me. Photons pass through the material because they don't have sufficient energy to excite a glass electron to...
  27. N

    Whats the difference in glass electrons, and solid irons

    electrons in terms of absorption. To move from a lower to a higher energy level, an electron must gain energy. Oppositely, to move from a higher to a lower energy level, an electron must give up energy. In either case, the electron can only gain or release energy in discrete bundles. Now let's...
  28. 4

    Puzzle. Electrical VS solid bar switch.

    Good Evening, I am not a science "professional" nor even a Physics Graduate. I am, however, interested in anything with a science twist. I have created an account on this forum hoping that someone can answer my puzzing question... Start with the simplest circuit. Battery, switch, two wires and...
  29. A

    Calculating the Volume of a Rotated Solid Using Calculus

    Find the volume of the solid generated by rotating the region of the x-y plane between the line Y=4,the curve Y=3sin(x)+1 on the interval [-pi/2,3pi/2] about the line Y=4Hi I am having trouble setting up this problem my guess for the integral would be from -pi/2 to 3pi/2 of (4-3sinx+1)^2 because...
  30. RoboNerd

    Effects of Crushing a Solid on Equilibrium Position

    Hi everyone. So I have been learning about equilibrium recently in class... and suppose I have the following reaction: A(s) + B(aq) <-----> C(aq) + D(g) [Note: in parentheses, I indicate the state of my substances] So I was told recently that pulverizing my solid "A" would not change the...
  31. G

    MHB Volume of a solid of revolution

    Consider the solid in three dimensions that is formed when the graph of a function $f(x)$, with $f(x) \ge  0$ for all $x \in [a, b]$, is revolved around the $x$-axis on the segment $x \in [a, b]$. Derive the following formula for the volume $V$ of this solid: $V = \pi\int_a^b f^2(x)dx$. Use...
  32. J

    Derivation of moment of inertia of a solid sphere

    Homework Statement I need to know why my derivation does not work. I am attempting to derive I=2/5 mR^2Homework Equations I have seen people derive it using disks but my question is why do the shells not work? Where in my set up did I go wrong? Thanks The Attempt at a Solution I am attempting...
  33. T

    Why do atoms in a solid act like hard balls?

    Homework Statement Why can we assume that atoms in a solid material act like hard balls? The Attempt at a Solution because they are tightly packed together when in a solid state[/B]
  34. B

    Speed of a solid cylinder after unwinding

    Homework Statement The problem states the following: One end of a string is attached to the ceiling while the other end is wrapped around a solid cylinder of mass 0.20 kg and radius 0.030m. The cylinder is released from rest and the string unwinds as the cylinder rotates and accelerates...
  35. S

    Does Entropy Change Consider Irreversibility in Solids and Liquids?

    usually, entropy change in solid and liquid is formulated as Cp(or Cv)ln(T2/T1) or Q/T(integral)+ Sgen. so, considering the former and the latter equations, Do their entropy changes include irreversibility due to Sgen? And next question, reservoir has no change in temperature and volume...
  36. S

    Electric field due to a Solid Non-Conducting Sphere

    Homework Statement "Find the electric field due to a solid conducting sphere of uniform charge distribution using Coulomb's law and brute force integration only. Use Gauss' Law to verify the result. Homework Equations Coulomb's law for element field dE[/B] The Attempt at a Solution I...
  37. H

    Fluid solid interaction boundary condition problem

    I have come across the paper attached in which a 1D fluid piston is modeled. I have question on the boundary conditions (BCs) of the system. Essentially, the problem consists of a fluid chamber in contact with a spring (a mass -spring system). ALE is used to move the mesh. I am not certain...
  38. kini.Amith

    Math required for Statistical and solid state physics

    I have to take a graduate level statistical mech course and a solid state physics course next sem (starting in feb).As I will be dealing with these topics for the first time, I'd like to like to prepare myself for them by learning/revising the math involved in them. What are the mathematical...
  39. Einj

    Integral of angular functions over d-dim solid angle

    Hello everyone! I have a question about angular integration in arbitrary d dimensions. The interest comes from the need to use dimensional regularization. Suppose I start with a 2-dimensional integral and then I have to move to d=2-\epsilon dimension to regularize my integral. Now, suppose...
  40. H

    Thermodynamics of hyperelastic solid

    Can someone please help with hyperelastic theory, I need to know how changes in reversible work are related to energy density function and then to strain and stress tensors. A reference that explains the theories simply would also be appreciated. So far I have failed to find anything relatively...
  41. Han_Cholo

    Solid disk frictional torque magnitude

    1. A solid disk of radius R and mass M is initially spinning clockwise with an angular velocity magnitude ω. It is placed against a flat, horizontal surface with a coefficient of kinetic friction of μ. Find the frictional torque magnitude on the disk, and how long it will take the disk to come...
  42. M

    Solid State Looking for Solid State Physics Textbooks? Check Out These Top Picks!

    Hi everyone, I was hoping you guys could recommend some good solid-state physics textbooks or lecture notes. Thanks in advance.
  43. X

    Ionization & photoelectrons in x-ray solid state detectors

    As far as i understand, this is the principle of solid state x-ray detectors: 1. A photon of energy E enters the detector and goes through photoelectric absorption 2. As a result a photoelectron with energy (E - Φ) is ejected, where Φ is the binding energy required to eject the photoelectron...
  44. A

    Selection of gearbox for rotating a solid shaft

    Hello Being practical I have been stuck in one question like if I have a 320 mm diameter and 805 mm long shaft which is suppose to rotate through gearbox how do I need to select a gearbox. As per I think I need to calculate the torque of shaft and find the torque of gearbox and based on that I...
  45. S

    How Does Replacing a Sphere Affect Water Level in a Bowl?

    A small solid sphere of mass M0, of radius R0, and of uniform density ρ0 is placed in a large bowl containing water. It floats and the level of the water in the dish is L. Given the information below, determine the possible effects on the water level L, (R-Rises, F-Falls, U-Unchanged), when that...
  46. MCarsten

    Solid rocket velocity and distance

    Hi there. I'm new to the forum. I apologize if I'm posting at the wrong session. Anyway, here goes the problem: (sorry for any grammar typos). A solid fuel rocket, home constructed, has initial mass 10 kg; this, fuel is 8 kg. The rocket is launched vertically, from rest; burning the fuel at a...
  47. Conservation

    Volume of a solid bound by four surfaces

    Homework Statement Compute the volume of the solid bounded by the four surfaces x+z=1,x+z=−1,z=1−y2,z=y2−1 Homework Equations Fubini's theorem? The Attempt at a Solution I have tried to visualize this solid and define the limits; when I attempted to integrate by dxdzdy (in that order), I set...
  48. imadrea

    How to devise moment of inertia formula of solid sphere?

    Homework Statement how to divide moment of inertia of solid sphere about its central axis?. Solid sphere has radius R, mass M. Homework Equations I=∫r2dm 2/5 MR^2 The Attempt at a Solution https://photos.google.com/search/_tra_/photo/AF1QipPoXyad0q1Y3yisc0LeeJHGApkIrGbitK6kAk5p i try to...
  49. Y

    Solid sphere and hollow sphere rolled down an inclined plane

    A solid sphere and a hollow one of same mass and radii are rolled down a rough inclined plane. Which of the following is true? (A) solid sphere reaches bottom with greater speed. (B) solid sphere reaches the bottom with greater kinetic energy. ( I know that option A is correct.Thus I felt that...
  50. C

    MHB  Volume of solid in first octant

    Find the volume of the solid in the first octant bounded by the parabolic cylinder z = 25 − x2 and the plane y = 2. I already solved it and got 710/3 as my answer, I just wanted to make sure its the right answer
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