What is Points: Definition and 1000 Discussions

The Fourteen Points was a statement of principles for peace that was to be used for peace negotiations in order to end World War I. The principles were outlined in a January 8, 1918 speech on war aims and peace terms to the United States Congress by President Woodrow Wilson. However, his main Allied colleagues (Georges Clemenceau of France, David Lloyd George of the United Kingdom, and Vittorio Orlando of Italy) were skeptical of the applicability of Wilsonian idealism.The United States had joined the Triple Entente in fighting the Central Powers on April 6, 1917. Its entry into the war had in part been due to Germany's resumption of submarine warfare against merchant ships trading with France and Britain and also the interception of the Zimmermann Telegram. However, Wilson wanted to avoid the United States' involvement in the long-standing European tensions between the great powers; if America was going to fight, he wanted to try to separate that participation in the war from nationalistic disputes or ambitions. The need for moral aims was made more important when, after the fall of the Russian government, the Bolsheviks disclosed secret treaties made between the Allies. Wilson's speech also responded to Vladimir Lenin's Decree on Peace of November 1917, immediately after the October Revolution in 1917.The speech made by Wilson took many domestic progressive ideas and translated them into foreign policy (free trade, open agreements, democracy and self-determination). Three days earlier United Kingdom Prime Minister Lloyd George had made a speech setting out the UK's war aims which bore some similarity to Wilson's speech but which proposed reparations be paid by the Central Powers and which was more vague in its promises to the non-Turkish subjects of the Ottoman Empire. The Fourteen Points in the speech were based on the research of the Inquiry, a team of about 150 advisers led by foreign-policy adviser Edward M. House, into the topics likely to arise in the anticipated peace conference.

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  1. Chris Frisella

    B Van Allen Belt "mirror points"-- How do these work?

    I was studying the Van Allen Belt, and I get it except for the mirror points (see picture). What would cause the particle to be deflected or turned around? Seems to me it would just continue towards the Earth getting tighter and tighter around the field line...
  2. S

    I Likelihood of some points fitting a derived function....

    Hello! I have some concentrical spheres with many points inside. And I need to plot the total mass of points in each shell (so between 2 spheres) versus the radius of that shell (defined as (r1+r2)/2, where r1 and r2 are the radius of the 2 spheres forming the shell). I have 10 shells so my plot...
  3. Turbodog66

    Length of Curve Between Points: Exploring r(t)

    Homework Statement Consider the path r(t) = <10t,5t2,5ln(t) defined for t >0. Find the length of the curve between (10,5,0) and (20,20,5ln(2)) Homework Equations L= ∫ab |r'(t)|dt The Attempt at a Solution r'(t) = <10, 10t, 5/t> t values are 1 and 2 based on the x values for the points...
  4. mr.tea

    I Lagrange multipliers and critical points

    Hi, I have (probably) a fundamental problem understanding something related critical points and Lagrange multipliers. As we know, if a function assumes an extreme value in an interior point of some open set, then the gradient of the function is 0. Now, when dealing with constraint...
  5. J

    Finding points on root-locus by hand

    Homework Statement [/B] I am trying to answer two questions: 1. Solve part (b) in the image above by hand. 2. What are the differences between transfer function (a) and transfer function (b). Homework Equations cos(Im(s) / Re(s)) = ζ The Attempt at a Solution 1. For part one given the...
  6. G

    B Does a tangent to a curve touch at 2 identical points?

    The graph of y = x - 1 CUTS the x-axis at x = 1 while the graph of y = x2- 1 TOUCHES the x-axis at x = 1. The point at which the tangent touches the curve is shown mathematically by having two solutions of x, i.e. x = 1 (twice). Is there some deeper meaning to these two identical solutions for x?
  7. C

    Shear stress at different points

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  8. K

    I Open interval (set) end points and differentiability.

    When we talk about differentiability on a Set X, the set has to be open. And if a set X is open there exists epsilon> 0 where epsilon is in R. Then if x is in X, y=x+ or - epsilon and y is also in X But this contradicts to what i was taught in high school; end points are excluded in the open...
  9. H

    Why doesn't my solution for finding a plane through three points work?

    Hi, I'm currently reading Calc III by Marsden & Weinstein. One of the examples shows a plane being drawn through three points. While I understand their solutiom, I'm very curious as to why my solutiom doesn't work. 1. Homework Statement Write the equatiom for a plane through A = (1, 1, 1), B...
  10. T

    Find time at which position vector points towards origin

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  11. Dr Wu

    Do Mars' Lagrange Points Exist Near Phobos and Deimos?

    I'm trying to find out if Mars has any Lagrange Points - L1 and L2 specifically. A lengthy trawl through Google's webpages suggest that they may exist, although if so they would be extremely close to Mars, being gravitationally bound by Phobos and Deimos. Is this true? PS. Should Mars indeed...
  12. L

    Python Finding specific points in data array

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  13. L

    B I have a basic question about inflection points....

    My question involves the discussion in this thread, which I contributed to back in 2009. https://www.physicsforums.com/threads/point-of-inflection.350149/ My question involves the function f(x) = x^(2n) for n greater than 1. Take f(x) = x^4 for example. You differentiate twice and you get...
  14. swpz

    Object drawn across two support points

    Homework Statement A 60kg object placed 1m from B is drawn across a beam laid down across two support points. Support point A can only withstand 600N of force before giving way. Support point B is assumed to be capable of withstanding any amount of force. The beam is 6m in length and weighs...
  15. Hongo

    I Radio Comm Between 2 Points Diff Gravity: True?

    A source that is orbiting close to a singularity of a black hole is transmitting a radio frequency signal that lasts 60 seconds and is repeated infinitely. The signal is being transmitted using the amplitude modulation method (AM Radio). Let suppose that each minute passing in the transmitting...
  16. I

    B How many points can be found in the surface of the Earth?

    The other day I was wondering if as the universe is infinite and you can say that every single point in it is the centre of the universe, or that there is no centre for the same matter. Since you are not able to set up a centre in Earth's surface. Is then Earth's surface infinite? When you talk...
  17. Imager

    B Understanding the Lagrange Points: What's Going Wrong with L2 and L3?

    The Wiki article shows 5 Lagrange points. I can “see” how the points L1, L4 and L5 points would be balanced by the gravitation of the two bodies, but not the L2 and L3. For L2 and L3, it looks to me like the combination of the Sun’s and Earth’s gravity increase pull and make less stable. So...
  18. Abysmaltan

    Effective Resistance between 2 points

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  19. J

    Potential difference between two points (VA - VB)

    Homework Statement Q. With the switch closed, what is the voltage difference, VA-VB ? Homework Equations Junction rule: I3 = I1 + I2 Loop rule(s) The Attempt at a Solution I solved for the currents in this circuit when the switch is closed. Top loop(clockwise): +10V1 - 15*I1 - 47*I1 +...
  20. A

    How Does Closing a Valve Affect Flow Rates in Multi-Suction Pipe Systems?

    If I a pump with a main suction header and 4 smaller branch connections of difference sizes. Let's say for this example we have (2) 3", (1) 1", and (1) 2". Also let's say our pump is requiring 20 gal/min. The flow rate of each branch would be proportional to the area of the pipe correct? flow =...
  21. H

    I Chain on a slope remains still if its end points are of equal height?

    Let ##\vec{a}## be the gravitational acceleration along the curve. Then ##|\vec{a}|=a=-g\sin\theta## and ##\vec{a}=a_x\,\vec{i}+a_y\,\vec{j}=-g\sin\theta\cos\theta\,\vec{i}-g\sin^2\theta\,\vec{j}## My question is why does the solution below ignore the direction of ##\vec{a}## and calculate...
  22. R

    Classifaction of equilibrium points for a Hamiltonian System

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  23. evinda

    MHB Find the stable equilibrium points

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  24. P

    MHB Classify stationary points 2

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  25. P

    MHB Analyzing Stationary Points of Multivariable Function

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  26. Sahil Kukreja

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    Homework Statement Let P(x) be a polynomial of least degree whose graph has three points of inflection (-1,-1) ; (1,1) and a point with abscissa 0 at which the curve is inclined to the axis of abscissa at an angle of ## \frac {\pi}{3} , Then \int_0^1 P(x) \,dx = ? ## Homework...
  27. B

    Postmodernists: proof of points of triviality and sophistry

    In Charles Murray's book Real Smart: Four Simple Truths For Bringing America's Schools Back To Reality, Murray writes about the postmodernists in literary criticism. His description really gets my interest. I think it would be interesting and perhaps amusing (I have a strange sense of humor)...
  28. M

    Mathematica How to get data points from plot?

    Hi PF! I used NDSolve to find the solution to a differential equation. I then plotted the solution in mathematica. However, I would like to be able to plot this in LaTex, specifically in TikZ. Can anyone help me here? Thanks so much!
  29. I

    Limit points, closure of set (Is my proof correct?)

    Homework Statement Let ##E'## be the set of all limit points of a set ##E##. Prove that ##E'## is closed. Prove that ##E## and ##\bar E = E \cup E'## have the same limit points. Do ##E## and ##E'## always have the same limit points? Homework Equations Theorem: (i) ##\bar E## is closed (ii)...
  30. D

    Finding the Equation of a Plane from 3 Coplanar Points

    Homework Statement The method that we are taught on how to determine the equation of a plane is as follows when given 3 coplanar points: 1. Determine the vectors 2. Find the cross product of the two vectors. 3. Substitute one point into the Cartesian equation to solve for d.Homework...
  31. S

    Ellipse from 2 arbitrary points, tangent at P1 and focus

    MENTOR Note: Moved this thread from a math forum hence no template Is it possible to find this? Really only need the semi major axis or even it's orientation. In the image below, elements in red are known.
  32. C

    Calculate the pressure difference between two points

    Homework Statement Need to find the pressure difference between the two water pipes. Specific gravity of water = 1000 kg/m^3, specific gravity of oil = 800 kg/m^3[/B] Homework Equations pressure = height * specific gravity * gravitational acceleration The Attempt at a Solution I think that is...
  33. kaliprasad

    MHB Points on a Circle: Proving $m_1m_2m_3m_4=1$

    If $(m_r,\frac{1}{m_r})$ for r from 1 to 4 are 4 points that lie on a circle show that $m_1m_2m_3m_4= 1$
  34. terryds

    Potential difference between two points on a circuit

    Homework Statement The circuit is shown as above. If ε = 3 volt and each resistor has 2 ohm resistance, then what's the potential difference between point B and point D ? A. 4 B. 3 C. 2 D. 1 E. 0 Homework Equations V = I R R series = R1 + R2 + .. 1/ R parallel = 1/R1 + 1/R2 + ... The...
  35. I

    Potential Difference Between Points on Dielectric Triangle

    Homework Statement A dielectric equilateral triangle of dielectric constant 30 is inserted into uniform horizontal electric field of 100,000 N/C. What is the potential difference between two points 3 cm apart on one of the sides? Homework Equations ΔV =∫E⋅dl E' =E/κ The Attempt at a...
  36. A

    Finding the Inflection points of x^2-4√x

    Homework Statement find the inflection points of x^2-4√x Homework EquationsThe Attempt at a Solution Okay, I started with finding the derivatives; f'(x)=2x-2/√x f''(x)=2+1/√x^3 and made the second derivative =0 (2+1/√x^3=0)(√x^3) 2√x^3+1=0 (√x^3=-1/2)^2 x^3=1/4 x=cube root(1/4) x=0.63 But when...
  37. Blockade

    How to find if equilibrium points of a force is un/stable?

    Homework Statement U = Ax2 - Bx3 Homework Equations du/dx = 2Ax - 3Bx2 The Attempt at a Solution If I was given a potential energy function U = Ax2 - Bx3 and am asked to find: 1) The expression for the force as a function of x. 2) The equilibrium points and determine if are they stable or...
  38. NaukowiecGirl

    Infinity Focal Points of Plane Mirror

    Hello! I've read on several pages that plane mirrors have an infinite amount of focal points. I don't understand? I thought plane mirrors have no focal points because the rays are parallel and don't focus in the first place. Why does a plane mirror have infinity focal points and what does it mean?
  39. 1

    Calculating voltage between two points....

    Homework Statement Homework Equations The voltage between any two points due to the field from a point charge q is: Kirchoff's voltage laws, which states that the total voltage around a closed loop must be zero, i.e.: The Attempt at a Solution To find V(e<-d) I used Kirchoff's...
  40. R

    Resistance between 2 points in infinite 3-D gas volume

    Hi Back in 2011 here https://www.physicsforums.com/threads/resistance-between-two-points-in-an-infinite-volume-of-resistive-gas.513388/ the question of the resistance between two points in an infinite volume of resistive gas was raised but petered out without a solution. The solution could be...
  41. chikou24i

    A Break points in band structure

    What do we mean by break points in band structure ? and what that sentence means : "if the band index were chosen in such a way that the energies are indexed in ascending order for any k then break points would appear in the εnk vs. k plot (with n fixed) wherever two lines intersect." ...
  42. T

    All possible planes, given two points

    Homework Statement Find the equation of all planes containing the points P(2, -1, 1) and Q(1, 0, 0) Homework EquationsThe Attempt at a Solution I use PQ to get a vector, (-1, -1, 1). I some how need to use another vector so I can use the cross product to find the planes. So i let another...
  43. vetgirl1990

    What is the relationship between focal length and focal points?

    Homework Statement This is a silly question... but I know that a lens has two focal points but one focal length. If each focal point is at 5cm from the lens, would the focal length be 5cm, or 10cm (adding the position of each focal point together)? Homework Equations N/A The Attempt at a...
  44. evinda

    MHB Finding Cylindrical Points $(r, \theta, z)$ in Range

    Hello! (Wave) How can we find what section of the cylinder $x^2+y^2=1$ corresponds to cylindrical points $(1,\theta,z)$ in the range $\theta$ in $[0,\pi]$ and $z$ in $[ -1,1]$ ? We have that the cylindrical points are of the form $(r, \theta, z)$ where the following relations hold: $$x=r...
  45. V

    Proof of points arbitrarily close to supremum

    Homework Statement Let S \subset \mathbb{R} be bounded above. Prove that s \in \mathbb{R} is the supremum of S iff. s is an upper bound of S and for all \epsilon > 0 , there exists x \in S such that |s - x| < \epsilon . Homework Equations **Assume I have only the basic proof...
  46. F

    Non-Ideal Battery Voltage with few data points

    Homework Statement The problem includes a graph. All I have is a current to external resistance graph, with 20 A coming at 10R of external resistance. I am to find the EMF and internal resistance of the battery. Here is the problem and my two attempts. http://1drv.ms/1LKbu5H Homework...
  47. A

    Finding equal potential points in electric circuits

    Hi! I have a real problem in understanding the use of symmetry for finding equal potential points in nasty electric circuits. There are lots of problems were the solution simply says: "due to symmetry reasons, nodes X and Y have equal potential", but I rarely really understand the so called...
  48. R

    Shortest path between two points on a paraboloid

    Homework Statement I am only currently in multivariate calculus, so i haven't even touched differential geometry yet, but a question that i had while learning about gradients came up and it led me to the topic of geodesics and differential geometry, so here goes: Class problem: Find the...
  49. G

    MHB A line passing through two points

    If the line passing through the points $p = (1,2,-1)$ and $q = (3,1,0)$ contains the point $(a, 4,-3)$ then what's the value of $a$? I think $a = -3$. but I'm not sure. $(1,2,-1)x+(3,1,0)y = (a,4,-3)$ $(x,2x,-x)+(3y,y,0) = (a,4,-3)$ $(x+3y, 2x+y, -x) = (a, 4,-3)$ so $x = -3$, $y = -2$ and...
  50. E

    Solving Potential Diff. Between Points a & b: Part (b) & (c)

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