What is 2nd law: Definition and 298 Discussions

The 2nd Law is the sixth studio album by English rock band Muse. It was released on 1 October 2012 in the United Kingdom and elsewhere on 28 September, 2 and 3 October under Warner Bros. Records and the band's own Helium-3 imprint. The title of the album refers to the second law of thermodynamics and the album's cover art features a map of the human brain's pathways, which was taken from the Human Connectome Project. Recording of the album took place in four different studios, began in October 2011, and ended in August 2012. Mainly self-produced by the band, with the exception of the song "Follow Me", which was co-produced by English electronic music trio Nero, The 2nd Law features multiple styles of music and was influenced by acts such as Queen, David Bowie, and Skrillex.
Upon release, the album received generally favourable reviews from music critics, holding a 70/100 score on review aggregator site Metacritic, and had a very positive commercial performance. It was a top ten-charting album in 31 countries and a number one album in 13 countries. The album has been certified platinum by the BPI in the United Kingdom, the FIMI in Italy, the IFPI in Switzerland, and Music Canada in Canada. It has also been certified triple-platinum by the SNEP in France. At the 55th Annual Grammy Awards, the album was nominated for Best Rock Album and the album's second track "Madness" was nominated for Best Rock Song. The album's third track "Panic Station" was also nominated for Best Rock Song at the 56th Annual Grammy Awards the following year.
A total of five official singles were released from the album. "Survival", released on 27 June, and "Madness", released on 20 August, preceded the album's release. "Survival" was notable for being chosen as the official song for the 2012 Summer Olympics, while "Madness" was notable for its positive commercial performance, as well as for topping the Billboard Alternative Songs chart for a record 19 weeks, beating out the previous record set by "The Pretender" by Foo Fighters. Three singles were released after the release of the album: "Follow Me", released on 7 December, "Supremacy", released on 20 February 2013, and "Panic Station", released on 31 May. "Big Freeze" was also released as a radio single in France and "Animals" received a music video release, both in April 2013.

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  1. J

    Electromagnetic blackhole violates 2nd law of thermodynamics?

    I'm sure most people here have heard about the microwave "invisibility cloak" that was made with metamaterials. For those that haven't heard, basically electrodynamics can be rewritten to handle changes in refractive index of materials with GR like tools where instead the background is...
  2. M

    Solving for Acceleration and Friction on an Inclined Plane

    Applying Newton's 2nd law?! Homework Statement A 2.91 kg block starts from rest at the top of a 32◦ incline and slides 1.98 m down the incline in 1.28 s. The acceleration of gravity is 9.8 m/s2 What is the acceleration of the block? Answer in units of m/s2 What is the coefficient...
  3. O

    Newton's 2nd Law with Friction

    Homework Statement A man standing in an elevator that is moving with a constant acceleration holds a 3-kg block B between two other blocks in such a way that the motion of B relative to A and C is impending. Knowing that the coefficients of friction between all surfaces are μs = 0.30 and μk =...
  4. M

    Acceleration involving Newton's 2nd law

    Homework Statement There is a box on a platform with mass 3.5kg and it has two ropes connected to it. On the end of each of these ropes are 2 other boxes hanging off the table (so only F_y component). One box is 2.5kg and the other is 1.5kg. I need to find the acceleration of all the boxes...
  5. S

    Is this interpretation of 2nd law of Thermodynamics correct?

    Suppose A box represents the universe. It also has a battery and a propellor inside it. The propellor is supposed to increase the temperature of the whole universe including itself and the battery. If this hypothetical universe is initially at 25 degrees C, then we incresed this temp to 27...
  6. rcgldr

    Black hole versus 2nd law of thermaldynamics

    Does a black hole radiate infrared waves? If not, then it could absorb some of the infrared waves from a colder object, perhaps one orbiting the black hole, in apparent violation of the 2nd law of thermaldynamics.
  7. Z

    Force of Link 3 on Link 2: 2.964 N

    Homework Statement A chain consisting of five links, each of mass 0.090 kg, is lifted vertically with a constant acceleration of a = 3.6 m/s2. Find the magnitude of the force that link 3 exerts on link 2. Note: The chains are connected vertically Homework Equations \Sigma F = ma The Attempt...
  8. C

    Force & Newton's 2nd Law Problem

    Brand new to the forum. My apologies if this problem is already posted on the site. I searched a bit but had no luck. Homework Statement Problem from Cutnell & Johnson PHYSICS 7th Edition. Chapter 4 - Problem #9 Two forces FA and FB are applied to an object whose mass is 8.0 kg. The...
  9. P

    Newtown 2nd law of rotation problem

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  10. W

    Maxwell's Demon: Chance of Violating the 2nd Law?

    http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maxwell%27s_demon" when i read this i was wondering, what if the deamon accuires no information at all and just shoots blind by guessing wherever a approaching particle is A or B.. in most cases the demon would end up with a no separation, but if its lucky...
  11. G

    DC Circuit. Kirchoff's 2nd law.

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  12. D

    Newton's 2nd law and Lorentz Force

    ok, the lorentz force equation is F=q(E+v x B) and Newton's 2nd law is F=ma. I need to combine the two to show that ma.v=qE.V I don't really know what to do first here... i can see the simple substitution so that ma=qE+q(v x B) but beyond that...do u change the a to dv/dt. Any type of help...
  13. M

    Understanding Kepler's 2nd Law: The Proof and Its Implications

    Is my proof of Kepler's 2nd law correct? area of sector of circle/ellipse (that the planet sweeps out): (1/2)(r^2)O O is theta! dA/dO = (1/2) (r^2) dA= (1/2) (r^2) dO dA/dt = (1/2) (r^2) dO/dt It can't be that simple? Can it??
  14. F

    Can you explain the 2nd Law of Thermodynamics to a non-scientist?

    I would apreciate some proof-readers giving their comments on my answer to an assignment for Undergrad Physics 2nd Year. Homework Statement Question: Give an explanation of the 2nd law to an intelegent non-scientific lay-person, drawing ideas from the K-P Statement, C's Statement and the...
  15. I

    Understand Kelvin-Plank Statement for 2nd Law of Thermodynamics

    Thermodynamics 2nd Law Please Help! :( I am going crazy trying to understand the Kelvin-Plank statement for the 2nd Law of Thermodynamics. It states: "It is impossible for any system to operate in a thermodynamic cycle and transfer energy by work to the surrounding while receiving heat from a...
  16. D

    Relativistic version of 2nd law of thermodynamics

    The classical version of that law includes a definition of a system and entropy increasing over time. It uses a notion of simultaneousity - we compare a state of the whole system in different moments of time. My questions: 1. Do you know any good SR-compatible generalizations of that...
  17. F

    How Does Newton's Second Law Apply on an Inclined Plane?

    Homework Statement A sled moves on the flat surface of a hill. The hill makes an angle θ with the horizontal, and is left orientated. The hill: θ = 60°; left oriented; μk = 0.1. The sled: mass = 20 kg; starting location = 20 m from the bottom of the hill; initial speed = 0 m/s ...
  18. P

    How Does the 2nd Law of Thermodynamics Apply to a Power Station's Efficiency?

    Homework Statement An electric generating station is designed to have an electric output power 1.20 MW using a turbine with two-thirds the efficiency of a Carnot engine. The exhaust energy is transferred by heat into a cooling tower at 98°C. (a) Find the rate at which the station exhausts...
  19. A

    Heat Transfer and the 2nd Law of Thermodynamics

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  20. Q

    How is the 2nd law of thermodynamics related to the uncertainty principle?

    Does this suggest that the 2nd law of thermodynamics has a quantum mechanical origin?
  21. C

    2nd Law of Thermodynamics question

    I stand on the outermost planet orbiting the outermost star of the outermost galaxy of our universe. I turn on my flash-light and I can be sure that the beam of light will not hit any object. After I turn it on, I cannot recover the photons or prove they ever existed, so does it mean I decreased...
  22. B

    Does the 2nd law of thermodynamics need to be postulated?

    Taking S=kln\Omega to define entropy, it follows immediately that \frac{dS}{dt} \geq 0 holds as a statisical law so long as we assume equal a priori probabilities for each microstate. It seems that so long as we use the Bayesian interpretation of probability, the second law does not need to...
  23. S

    A Lawn Mower and Newton's 2nd Law

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  24. L

    Newton's 2nd Law Homework: Average Force of Tennis Ball

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  25. P

    2nd law of Thermodynamics and black body brightness function

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  26. I

    How does life violate the 2nd law of thermodynamics?

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  27. P

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  28. D

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  29. C

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  30. A

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    Homework Statement The 10-Mg truck hauls the 20-Mg trailer. If the unit starts from rest on a level road with a tractive force f of 20 kN between the driving wheels of the truck and the road, compute the tension T in the horizontal drawbar and the acceleration a of the rig. Homework...
  31. G

    Newtons 2nd Law of motion Practical Questions

    So i have a few questions in relation to a practical completed in grade 11 Physics The basic experiment about the 2nd law, in which a hanging weight is used to accelerate a cart the practical also had a 2nd part in which weights were added to the small cart to decrease the acceleration while...
  32. R

    How Does Angular Acceleration Arise in a Rotating Cylinder with Multiple Forces?

    Homework Statement http://ready2goxtr.googlepages.com/problem1055.jpg A cylinder having a mass of 2.0kg can rotate about its central axis through point O. Forces are applied as show: F1 = 6.0N, F2 = 4.0N, F3 = 2.0 N, and F4 = 5.0N. Also, r = 5.0cm and R = 12 cm. Find the (a) magnitude and...
  33. H

    How Does Newton's 2nd Law Apply to a Skateboard Pushed by a Cane?

    Homework Statement A man walking with aid of a cane approaches a skateboard (mass 3.5 kg) lying on the sidewalkk. Pushing with an angle of 60 down from the horizontal with his cane, he applies a force of 115N, which is enough to roll the skateboard out of the way. a) calculate the...
  34. R

    2nd law of rotation, merry go round

    Homework Statement http://ready2goxtr.googlepages.com/problem1052.jpg A uniform disk that can rotate around its center like a merry-go-round. The disk has a radius of 2.00 cm and a mass of 20.0 grams and is initially at rest. Starting at time t = 0 two forces are to be applied tangentially...
  35. M

    Newscientist claims machine violates 2nd law of thermodynamics

    http://www.newscientist.com/channel/fundamentals/mg19826614.400-physicists-atomsorting-demon-created-with-lasers.html?feedId=online-news_rss20" "The demon appears to bring order to chaos without expending energy, violating the second law of thermodynamics. " So correct me if I am...
  36. C

    Newton's 2nd Law for a Particle in Uniform Circular motion

    1. A 4.0kg object is attached to a vertical rod by 2 strings. Object roatates in a horizontal circle at a constand speed 6.00 m/s. Find the tention in the upper and lower string. The strings are 2 meters long. the distance between the attachment points for each string is 3 meters. 2...
  37. A

    Violation of 2nd Law of Thermodynamics

    Chemical reaction have 2 classifications: Exothermic and Endothermic. Exothermic is when the chemical give off heat in the reaction. Endothermic is when the chemical obsorb heat in the reaction. So... If one exploit Endothermic reaction by keep taking heat from the low temperature heat...
  38. L

    Time and the 2nd law of thermodynamics

    Time, or rather the arrow of time, is defined within the 2nd law of thermodynamics: The future is in a higher entropy state than the present, which in turn is in a higher entopy state than the past. But when the universe, our isolated system, reaches the maximum entropy state - heat death -...
  39. I

    Solving Newtons 2nd Law Homework: Velocity of Rocket on Ground

    Homework Statement Ok this is kind of long. This is the 4th question on my homework assignment and I need to give background on the first 3 to make sure I got those correct. 1. I am sure on this since it was simply finding the weight of a rocket ship that has an intial mass of 3kg. Answer is...
  40. T

    If the universe is getting colder, wouldn't this violate the 2nd Law?

    If the universe is getting colder, wouldn't this violate the second law of thermodynamics ?
  41. L

    About force, mass, Newton's 2nd law and inertial frame

    I was reading a physics textbook. It is stated that force is defined by mass and acceleration (a force of 1N causes a mass of 1kg to accelerate at 1ms^-2). In later part, it is stated that mass is defined by force and acceleration (a mass acted by a force of 1N accelerates at 1ms^-2 is 1kg). As...
  42. K

    Kepler's 2nd law and potential energy relation

    Homework Statement A particle moves under the influence of a central potential V(r). Show that Kepler's second law, that the radius vector from the force centre to the particle sweeps out area at a constant rate, is true whatever the form of V, as long as it is central. Derive the law in the...
  43. P

    Conceptual Understanding: 2nd Law and Coefficient of Friction

    Homework Statement A 1 kg object is moving along at speed of 5 m/s right before colliding with a 4 kg stationary object, in a perfectly inelastic collision. Suppose that the objects are moving on a surface that has a coefficient of friction of mu=0.2. (Note you may still assume that the...
  44. M

    Newton's 2nd law in circular motion

    Homework Statement Daytona International Speedway in Florida. Both of its courses feature four story, 31.0 degree banked curves with max radius of 316 if a car negotiates the curve too slowly it tends to slip down the incline of the turn whearas if it going too fast it may begin to slide up...
  45. A

    How Do You Calculate Friction and Forces in a Skidding Car Scenario?

    Homework Statement The driver of a car whose mass is 1200kg is traveling 45km/h[W] on a slippery road when he applies the breaks. The car skids to a stop in 35m. Determine: a) the car's acceleration b) the net force acting on the car c) the coefficient of friction between the tires and the...
  46. S

    How Does Energy Conservation Apply to a Rotating Pulley System?

    Homework Statement (a) If R = 12 cm, M = 500 g, and m = 50 g (below), find the speed of the block after it has descended 50 cm starting from rest. Solve the problem using energy conservation principles. - The pulley is setup on the corner of a desk with the object hanging from it. M is the...
  47. V

    Problem involving Newton's 2nd law of motion

    Homework Statement An arrow, starting from rest, leaves the bow with a speed of 25.0m/s. If the average force exerted on the arrow by the bow were doubled, all else remaining the same, with what speed would the arrow leave the bow? Homework Equations F = ma The Attempt at a...
  48. H

    2nd law of thermodynamics and the big bang

    I read from Victor Stenger's books that maximum entropy exists in black holes or singularities. So, at the Big bang, the universe had its maximum entropy. Does it mean that entropy has DECREASED since then? Stenger explained that since the universe expands, it has more space for entropy...
  49. B

    Angular acceleration and Newton's 2nd law

    Homework Statement A solid cylindrical disk has a radius of 0.16 m. It is mounted to an axle that is perpendicular to the circular end of the disk at its center. When a 45 N force is applied tangentially to the disk, perpendicular to the radius, the disk acquires an angular acceleration of 110...
  50. H

    Acceleration in an Elevator: Solving Newton's Second Law Problem

    Hi, I'm having trouble with a problem dealing with Newton's Second Law, and was wondering if anyone could give me a hint as to how I should solve it (general equation, process, whatever)? I'm not asking for somebody to solve it, I just need some help...:smile: Homework Statement A...
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