What is Ray: Definition and 516 Discussions

Finland's Slot Machine Association or RAY (Finnish: Raha-automaattiyhdistys) was a government-supervised and -owned nonprofit gaming (gambling) association (statutory corporation) in Finland. On January 1, 2017 RAY merged with the government-supervised and -owned nonprofit betting agency Veikkaus and Fintoto. The new company that was founded as a result is also called "Veikkaus". RAY was a gambling monopoly whose proceedings went to domestic charity such as pensioner care and gambling addiction treatment. While RAY was best known for its slot machines, the company also dealt in online gambling and controlled the only official casino in Finland, Casino Helsinki.RAY's operations were governed by legislation and decrees. The operations of the other Finnish gaming organisations, Veikkaus and Fintoto, are also based on the Finnish Lotteries Act. The act was last amended in 2012.RAY's revenue came from slot machines, casino games, and casino and digital gaming. All the proceeds from RAY's gaming operations were used to support Finnish health and welfare, and these funding decisions were also based on legislation.The history of the Tuplapotti predecessor, the Potti game, dates back to 1986, and in the 1990s a newer version of it was developed that rose to much greater popularity than its predecessor. The game was developed by Veikkaus (by then known as RAY), and the game is still one of the favorite gambling games in Finland.

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  1. M

    Compound Microscope, Ray Diagram Mistakes.

    I noticed that the ray diagram for the "how the compound microscope works" and "how the telescope works" is wrong in my government sanctioned physics textbook(and countless other books and websites!) The diagram printed was this- Name: Physics Standard XI Printed by: Maharastra State Board of...
  2. T

    What is the image distance for a concave mirror using the mirror equation?

    Homework Statement B) Using the mirror equation, find the image distance. Homework Equations 1/do + 1/di = 1/f The Attempt at a Solution [/B] B) do = 2cm f = 4cm 1/do + 1/di = 1/f 1/di = 1/f - 1/do 1/di = do/f(do) - f/f(do) 1/di = (do-f)/(f*do) di = (f*do)/(do-f) = (4cm * 2cm)/(2cm - 4cm)...
  3. T

    Ray Tracing for Convex Lens: How to Determine Image Distance and Realness

    Homework Statement [/B] B) Is the image real or virtual? Explain. C) Using the lens equation, find the image distance. 2. Homework Equations 1/di + 1/do = 1/f The Attempt at a Solution A) B) The image is real because it is on the opposite side of the lens as the source of light. C) do =...
  4. ryanuser

    Can Gamma Ray Energy Be Reduced to Visible Light Through Material Interaction?

    Hi, my question is that would it be possible to reduce the energy and frequency of gamma rays to visible light then maintain it at that level?
  5. C

    Solve Refracted Ray Problem: Find Angle of Refraction

    1. I figured out the first few, I just can't get the last one! -The refractive index of a transparent material can be determined by measuring the critical angle when the solid is in air. If θc= 40.4° what is the index of refraction of the material? 1.54 -A light ray strikes this material...
  6. Qw_freak

    Calculation of gamma ray shielding value in liquids?

    Hi folks Please bear with me, I'm new here and this may not be the correct forum to ask this question. If this is the case, I'll of course remove my question and ask it the appropriate place instead. However, here it goes: I need to be able to calculate how much a given intensity of gamma...
  7. T

    Light ray simulator? Snell's law/refraction

    I would like to simulate a light ray hitting and refracting through a transparent freeform shape. Any advice on software which will do this easily? I want to just draw the shape, point the light at it, and see where the beam goes. Tom
  8. E

    Ray A Reflection & Emergence: True or False?

    Homework Statement The net deviation of ray A(Figure(i))) in counter clockwise direction after one reflection and emergence is 180+2i-4r (True False) Homework Equations The Attempt at a Solution I don't know how to begin to solve this problem, so there is no attempt at a solution.
  9. G

    J.J. Thomson's Cathode Ray Experiment: Discovery of Electrons

    Hi! I've been watching this video http://ocw.mit.edu/courses/chemistry/5-111-principles-of-chemical-science-fall-2008/video-lectures/lecture-2/ on the discovery of electrons , and I have some doubts about it. The lecturer explains the cathode ray experiment performed by J.J Thomson. This is...
  10. H

    How Does the Skin Effect Differ from Gamma Ray Penetration in Conductors?

    Skin Effect: . where = resistivity of the conductor = angular frequency of current = 2π × frequency = relative magnetic permeability of the conductor = the permeability of free space ------------------------------ From Wiki According to Skin Effect, the higher the frequency, the less...
  11. Spinnor

    1 dimensional crystal at rest, a nucleus emits gamma ray of energy E,

    Say we have a one dimensional chain of N mass points separated by springs of spring constant k. This system can be quantized? Let the quantized system above be at rest and let one of the end mass points emit a photon of energy E along the crystal axis. Will we get physics similar to he...
  12. marcus

    Gamma ray bursts (GRB) and distribution of life

    Gammaray bursts (GRB) may affect the prevalence of life in various different regions of the galaxy. http://arxiv.org/abs/1409.2506 On the role of GRBs on life extinction in the Universe Tsvi Piran, Raul Jimenez (Submitted on 8 Sep 2014) As a copious source of gamma-rays, a nearby Galactic...
  13. D

    Path differenece of light ray to produce first minima

    Homework Statement for part a , in order to produce first minima from the central bright ray , the path differenece between 2 ray should be equal to λ/2 or 180 degree am i right? why the notes give the path differenece = λ ...If path differenece = λ , the two light ray are in phase right...
  14. D

    Inteference of light ray in thin flim

    Homework Statement according to the notes in the photo, the light ray undergo of phase change of 0.5 λ when it strike and reflected from glass surface (denser) at point A . so the OPD of ray 1 &2 = 2nt-0.5λ.. but in the 2nd photo , the OPD of ray 1 & 2 is given by 2nt+0.5λ . i am not sure...
  15. O

    Alpha Ray Interactions with Au and Be: Unraveling the Neutron Tear Out Mystery

    Why do alpha ray tear out neutron in Be, but don't do such thing in Au?
  16. A

    Ray Tracing and Combination of Lenses

    I was looking at this problem. Does the problem assume that the focal point of the divergent lens is right next to it? The answer is c, saying that the focus point will be further away: but that assumes that the focal point is not RIGHT NEXT to the divergent lens. If it were RIGHT NEXT (VERY...
  17. jlefevre76

    Ray tracing vs. experimental data

    So, here's the deal: I'm trying to complete the publishing of a paper dealing with my thesis from almost two years ago, and I finally wrote a program that I believe will tell me how different geometries will influence the outcome. Here's the setup, I am modeling the radiation that goes through...
  18. C

    J.J thomsons Catode ray - Why hydrogen gas?

    Hi, I'm curious about J.J thomsons Catode ray, and i have a few questions: In J.J. Thomsons Catode ray setup he has hydrogen gas in a chamber through which the catode ray is beamed. What is the role of hydrogen gas? What could he use the hydrogen gas for? And how could he make up...
  19. U

    Ray diagrams, lenses and microscopes

    Hi all, I've been reading about biconvex lenses, drawing ray diagrams and real/virtual images. I'm now trying to translate this into how an image is formed in a compound infinity optics microscope. And this has raised some questions: -In an infinity optical system the object is placed at a...
  20. T

    Big Dipper Cosmic Ray Hotspot Homogeneity question

    I thought this was an interesting article. I wondered does it create issues for the isotropic homogeneous view of the Universe when 25% of the highest energy cosmic rays come from one spot? http://news.yahoo.com/big-dipper-hotspot-may-help-solve-100-old-135703814.html
  21. genxium

    Relation between Hamiltonian of light ray and that of mechanics

    I'm learning ray optics and feeling so confused by the definition of "Hamiltonian of light". What I learned was that the "Hamiltonian of light" defined by H = n-|\vec{p}| = 0 indicates the momentum conservation, where n is refractive index and \vec{p} here is the canonical momentum. The...
  22. N

    Heat wave? bring me the freeze ray

    i understand that heat acts as a wave,it has some variations depending on the frequency i believe.we all know we can build machines to create such waves.my understandings of physics tell me that waves can be nulled out by other inverse wave.my question:can heat be electromagnetically ruled out?
  23. K

    Understanding OPD in Light Ray Equations

    Homework Statement i don't understand why the OPD of ray 1 and ray 2 is as shown in the notes.i don't understand why the equation given is (nt +nt)-(0.5 lambda)... why is nt +nt ? Homework Equations The Attempt at a Solution
  24. K

    Is tesla death ray ( death beam ) exist ?

    i wonder about tesla death ray. is this machine really exist ? or just conspiracy theory ?
  25. K

    Gamma Ray Burst datasets that consist of distance modulus & redshift

    Hi guys I am looking for a dataset to use in my thesis. I am working on UNION 2.1 sample of supernovea Ia data. That dataset consist of redshift and distance modulus with uncertainty (sigma) for 590 supernovea. Do you guys know where can i find similar dataset for GRBs?
  26. C

    Research topic for dual energy x ray absorbtiometry (dexa)

    Can someone please provide me with some research topic ideas for dexa?
  27. emad.rhz

    X-Ray Diffraction Data Collection - Xpert HighScore

    Hello my friends I want to collect data for (xpert highscore ) that is a software for xray diffraction information. I need its datas Can you help me? thank you
  28. D

    Can Crystals Absorb X-rays and Gamma Rays to Emit RF for Movement Tracking?

    Hi guys, Could someone refer me to sources which explain and give examples for crystals which absorb xray / gamma ray and emit RF ? Meaning that if I radiate a crystal with xray I get RF so I can theoretically track its movement in the enclosed are. Thanks a lot!
  29. L

    X-Ray Burning Lens: Why Can't it Focus?

    I know that High-energy (hard) X-ray light cannot be focused as easily as visible light by using a burning glass. But why is this? If there was x ray light spread over a normal sized lens with the same intensity as sun light why couldn't it focus? would the material needed for say 50cm^2...
  30. G

    A ray of light through a prism

    Homework Statement A light ray in air strikes the right-angle prism shown in the figure (Figure 1) (∠B=28.0∘). This ray consists of two different wavelengths. When it emerges at face AB, it has been split into two different rays that diverge from each other by 8.50∘ . Find the index of...
  31. K

    Ray tracing- Is luminance being traced?

    My understanding of ray tracing is that it maps out luminance for a scene. Now with ray tracing (backwards ray tracing that starts from the camera outwards) does each ray have a luminance value associated with it? In the case of a perfectly diffuse surface, can one simply take the mean of all of...
  32. P

    Chapter 21 Ray D'Inverno Scalar Optics, congruence of null geodesics

    First of all this is my first thread, so I apologize for any mistake. Perhaps this is a stupid question, but i need some help in exercise 21.10 of D'Inverno, to write down geodesic equation for l^a, which is a vector tangent to a congruence of null geodesics and then by a rescaling of l^a...
  33. P

    Eikonal equation and trajectory of a ray of light

    On page 122 of Born and Wolf's "Principles of Optics" the following equation for the trajectory of a ray of light is glibly derived in association with the eikonal equation. \frac{d}{d \bf s} (n \frac{d \bf r}{d \bf s}) = \nabla n where n is the index of refraction and r is the displacement...
  34. J

    The KKK tried to build a death ray

    I know it's old-ish news, but I just heard about it in an engineering class recently while we were talking about ethics. Apparently two guys, one a member of the KKK, decided that they would try to hack some medical equipment into a serviceable X-ray "cannon" that would expose those they deemed...
  35. E

    What is program used in ray tracing simulation?

    what is program used as attached.thank you!
  36. E

    Mean ray length from apex to base of an oblique circular cone

    Consider an oblique circular cone of altitude h, base radius R, with apex directly above a point on the base circumference. What is the mean length (& variance) for the set of all rays from the apex to points on or within the base circumference?
  37. T

    Does thermal radiation involve ultraviolet x ray and jamma ray

    does thermal radiation involve ultraviolet x ray and jamma ray or just heat of light...
  38. tom.stoer

    Black hole collapse - ray tracing

    I know several raytraycing results for static Schwarzschild black holes, but I have never seen something similar for collapse models like Oppenheimer-Snyder or Vaidya. Are there reliable raytraycing results showing the effect on light rays from far distant light emitters observed by (far...
  39. M

    How Can I Design Experiments to Observe Different Fluorescence Effects in a CRT?

    Homework Statement I am building a CRT for my physics project but have some doubts. I know there will fluorescence effect but my project requires to do an experiment and make observations. So how can I relate this experiment so that I have:- 1. Different cases and experiments with the CRT...
  40. A

    Build a CRT: DIY Instructions & Guide

    I've been looking to do a physics project, and since particle accelerators are too dangerous, I was thinking about building a cathode ray tube (CRT) I've done some research about building CRTs, and haven't been able to find anything that gives a complete list of how to build a CRT. Could anyone...
  41. A

    Ray tracing, regarding Turner Whitted's original paper

    As many of you may know, ray tracing was first introduced by Turner Whitted in 1979 in a paper titled "An improved illumination model for shaded display" (can be found on ACM digital library). On the 2nd page, in part 2 (Improved Model) there are a number of fairly simple vector calculations...
  42. O

    Coinciding of 2F and C in ray diagram of lenses

    Hello All, Guys in my recent lecture I discussed that unlike the focal length of spherical mirrors which is half the radius of curvature, the focal length of lenses depends not only on the geometry of lenses but also on the refractive indices of the media, and that here the relation f=R/2 is...
  43. I

    Meta Materials as Cosmic Ray Shielding for Spacecraft?

    While thinking about the recent-ish developments in meta materials for 'cloaking' systems, a thought struck me: could a meta material or combination of meta materials (probably of a somewhat more advanced state than they currently are) be used as a form of shielding from cosmic rays of various...
  44. |Glitch|

    Gamma Ray Burst GRB 130427A: The Brightest Explosion in the Universe

    I recently read the following article: It was not very long, and it did not contain much information. However, after a little searching I discovered the article was referring to GRB 130427A. The key features of this GRB are its strength at 94 GeV, and its duration at "better part of a...
  45. L

    Following a light ray through a curved spacetime.

    Here goes a conceptual question that has been bugging me: Consider the famous eclipse experiment that shows the Sun's gravitational lensing effect, allowing a star that would otherwise be obscured by the Sun to be visible from Earth. Say an observer wanted to travel to the star from Earth and...
  46. S

    Looking for ray tracing and surface optimization suggestions

    I am a physicist who is interested in acoustic guitar design (additionally I make custom made guitars and violins). The problem I have is in acoustic guitar design, for simplicity imagine a box 20"X15"X3" (length, width, depth). On one of the 20X15 surfaces (the top) cut a 3" hold 1/3 from...
  47. jtbell

    Ray Dolby: Audio Pioneer & Innovator (1933-2013)

    http://www.sfgate.com/bayarea/article/Ray-Dolby-pioneering-sound-engineer-dies-at-80-4810882.php Those of us who grew up with audio cassettes remember the Dolby noise-reduction system for reducing tape hiss. It made cassettes capable of "high fidelity" music reproduction, at least by the...
  48. H

    Does every light ray travels in all directions?

    Hi. I hope this is the right place to ask this and I hope it's not that much stupid. In school we have been told that the reason we see objects is rays of light reflected from that object received by our eyes. Now if I look at a specific part of a building from above, below or exactly the...
  49. jim mcnamara

    Gamma ray bursts (GRB's) and the Ordovician Mass Extinction

    99% of all marine fossil generating species on Earth that ever existed have gone extinct. There are periods in the fossil record that show massive extinction rates. For example, the K-T (now the K-Pg) boundary marks the extinction of dinosaurs in the fossil record along with marine animals, at...
  50. I

    Ray Tracing in Plasma: Wave Propagation in Ionosphere

    I'm studying wave propagation in the ionosphere, which can be modeled as a dielectric that has a magnetic field present. My understanding of it is that the Poynting vector that is associated with the wave in the medium is not generally in the same direction as the k vector (what I understand to...
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