Nitrogen is the chemical element with the symbol N and atomic number 7. It was first discovered and isolated by Scottish physician Daniel Rutherford in 1772. Although Carl Wilhelm Scheele and Henry Cavendish had independently done so at about the same time, Rutherford is generally accorded the credit because his work was published first. The name nitrogène was suggested by French chemist Jean-Antoine-Claude Chaptal in 1790 when it was found that nitrogen was present in nitric acid and nitrates. Antoine Lavoisier suggested instead the name azote, from the Ancient Greek: ἀζωτικός "no life", as it is an asphyxiant gas; this name is used instead in many languages, such as French, Italian, Russian, Romanian, Portuguese and Turkish, and appears in the English names of some nitrogen compounds such as hydrazine, azides and azo compounds.
Nitrogen is the lightest member of group 15 of the periodic table, often called the pnictogens. It is a common element in the universe, estimated at about seventh in total abundance in the Milky Way and the Solar System. At standard temperature and pressure, two atoms of the element bind to form dinitrogen, a colourless and odorless diatomic gas with the formula N2. Dinitrogen forms about 78% of Earth's atmosphere, making it the most abundant uncombined element. Nitrogen occurs in all organisms, primarily in amino acids (and thus proteins), in the nucleic acids (DNA and RNA) and in the energy transfer molecule adenosine triphosphate. The human body contains about 3% nitrogen by mass, the fourth most abundant element in the body after oxygen, carbon, and hydrogen. The nitrogen cycle describes movement of the element from the air, into the biosphere and organic compounds, then back into the atmosphere.
Many industrially important compounds, such as ammonia, nitric acid, organic nitrates (propellants and explosives), and cyanides, contain nitrogen. The extremely strong triple bond in elemental nitrogen (N≡N), the second strongest bond in any diatomic molecule after carbon monoxide (CO), dominates nitrogen chemistry. This causes difficulty for both organisms and industry in converting N2 into useful compounds, but at the same time means that burning, exploding, or decomposing nitrogen compounds to form nitrogen gas releases large amounts of often useful energy. Synthetically produced ammonia and nitrates are key industrial fertilisers, and fertiliser nitrates are key pollutants in the eutrophication of water systems.
Apart from its use in fertilisers and energy-stores, nitrogen is a constituent of organic compounds as diverse as Kevlar used in high-strength fabric and cyanoacrylate used in superglue. Nitrogen is a constituent of every major pharmacological drug class, including antibiotics. Many drugs are mimics or prodrugs of natural nitrogen-containing signal molecules: for example, the organic nitrates nitroglycerin and nitroprusside control blood pressure by metabolizing into nitric oxide. Many notable nitrogen-containing drugs, such as the natural caffeine and morphine or the synthetic amphetamines, act on receptors of animal neurotransmitters.
I'm writing up a report on an experiment I did involving liquid nitrogen.
I need to state the boiling point of liquid nitrogen (77.36K) in the report, as I've used it in calculations, but I don't know if I should get a reference for it or not. I did use a reference (Wikipedia and Google...
I don't know if this is the right place to post this but here goes. I'm a Highschool student building a nitrogen laser for an independent research project. I don't know much about lasers besides what I've read in physics textbooks and amateur laser pages. My and my mentor have already...
I want to measure certain gases in a nitrogen stream, but I have to dilute with nitrogen flow, which is flowed at a much higher rate for a photo-ionizing detector.
However, I am getting backflow into the low flow stream. I tried adding a various mixing chambers of increasing size as the PID...
Homework Statement
Calculate the pressure and density of nitrogen at which there is a 15% error in the ideal gas equation of state for a plane flying in air of temperature 250 K
Homework Equations
P = rho RT
Pv = RT
The Attempt at a Solution
Little confused on how to approach the problem...
In large scale preparation of nitrogen from liquefied air why do we purify the air from carbon dioxide ?
what problem does it create?
I would be happy if anyone replies.
Thank you!
Hi guys, i remember there is a process that produce ammonia from nitrogen oxides, either NO2 or NO but i couldn't remember the equation and couldn't find it online, all i get was haber process when the word ammonia is there. Anyone have any idea?
if air is made up of only 2gases oxygen and nitrogen, and the molecular mass of air is 29g/mol, find the % of each component in the air,
what i thought i should do is make 2 equations,
Mw(O)=16
Mw(N)=14
X*16 + Y*14 = 29 (in 1mol of air)
X + Y = 1
but the solution to this is not...
Homework Statement
a) To get a wave function for a situation in which the energy is close to E_0 and the atom is almost certainly in one of the minama of the potential energy , consider the functions
\varphi_t(x)=[(\varphi_0(x)+\varphi_1(x))/(2^(1/2)))...
Would anyone know or happen to be able direct me to some information:
How would I create a glowing plasmoid in the air using a 1 watt 808 nm diode laser?
Essentially I am converting the nitrogen in the air into a plasma using a 1watt 808nm diode laser focused to a point.
Now is there...
The question is True/False.
The answer is false, and I don't know why. All those oxidation #s seemed to make sense to me, and I couldn't think of any others.
Any thoughts as to why that's not true?
Homework Statement
A can filled with nitrogen has pressure 10 Pa, volume 10 cm3, and temperature 300 K.
(i) Find the volume at STP
(ii) Find the mass of the nitrogen
(iii) Find the change of pressure over temperature at 300 K
(iv) Find the energy of each molecule of nitrogen
Homework Equations...
Homework Statement
A compound contains only carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, and oxygen. Combustion of 0.157 g of the compound produced 0.213 g CO2 and 0.0310 g H2O. In another experiment, it is found that 0.103 g of the compound produces 0.0230 g NH3. What is the empirical formula of the compound...
Hey guys,
If this is in the wrong section let me know and I'll move it.
So here's the simple question.
I work in an industry in which we pressurize fluid based dampers with nitrogen. Those units pressurized with nitrogen take more energy to heat up than those pressurized with ambient...
Homework Statement
Compute the rms speed of a nitrogen molecule of 35.0 celcius.
Homework Equations
V(rms) = sqrt((3RT)/M)
The Attempt at a Solution
I plugged in 8.31 for R and 308 K for T and 14.0 g/mol for M. I arrived at a solution of 23.4 m/s but this answer came back as...
Homework Statement
I have an electric field that is nominally 30 kV/m, and I'm trying to figure out if nitrogen could be getting ionized in a field of that strength.
The 1st ionization energy of nitrogen is 1402.3 kJ mol-1.
What is the relationship between joules/mole and...
[b]1. 0.005 kg of nitrogen gas (N_2 – molecular weight 0.028 kg mol-1) are heated at
constant volume (V = 3.5 x 10^-3 m^3) resulting in a pressure increase from an initial
value pi = 1.2 x 10^5 Pa to a final value pf = 1.8 x 10^5 Pa. Answer the following
questions:
(a).What are the initial...
Is the heat difference enough to cause a noticeable power output in some type of sterling engine? Liquid nitrogen is quite cheap (alternative fuel source?)
i made a mistake, and fixed it, but I'm still wrong. I totally thought I had this one. Little help here.
Homework Statement
What is the minimum (nonzero) rotational energy of the <sup>14</sup>N_2 molecule?
Homework Equations
E_rot = L * (L + 1) * E_0 * (m_e) / (4*M)
M = (M_1 + M_2) /...
i was wondering if there was a substance that could be burned in the airs natural nitrogen (72%) that would release pure oxygen and a solid state waste product but no gaseous waste products
any speculations?
Hi,
I was wondering, what is a cold burn exactly? We were told that liquid nitrogen (or anything that cold for that matter) can cause cold burns when touched... How can something cold burn you?
Or is it not burning you but is it merely named 'cold burn' even though it is simply freezing...
Homework Statement
For the common isotope of nitrogen, 14N, calculate the mass defect.
Homework Equations
\DeltaM = Zmp + Nmn - M
The Attempt at a Solution
7(1.00727646688)+7(1.00866491560)-14.003074
\DeltaM = .108516177
Masteringphysics says this is wrong. says i may...
This is a 3 part question that i have attempted to answer. I'm pretty sure I'm on the right track but i think i made 1 or 2 small mistakes along the way. the question states:
The average depth of the ocean is 3.8km and the ocean surface area is 360x10^12 m^2. The average upwelling rate of deep...
Homework Statement
Is this following statement true?
Extensive fertilization results in a shift in the the coupled equilibria of the Nitrogen Biogeochemical Cycle, driving into run off rivers, lakes, and oceans. This is a major factor behind the plume of algae growth, in the Gulf of...
My next project is to build a simple TEA nitrogen laser, as seen here: http://photonics.tfp.uni-karlsruhe.de/1/a-homemade-uv-laser.html
Would it be acceptable to substitute two strontium titanate ceramic caps, each rated 50KVDC @ 910pf, in place of the suggested aluminum foil / plastic...
Homework Statement
Hydroxylammonium chloride reacts with Iron(III)chloride (FeCl3) in solution to produce Iron(II)Chloride, HCL, H2O, and a compound of nitrogen. It was found that 2.0 g of iron(III) chloride reacted in this way with 31 mL of 0.200 M hydroxylammonium chloride.
Suggest a...
Homework Statement
Part of a long question:
suggest the type of reaction occurring:
(C6H5)3C-NH-CH(CH3)-CO-NHCH2COOH -----> (C6H5)3C-H + NH2-CH(CH3)-CO-NHCH2COOH
The Attempt at a Solution
what i got in mind is that it could a free radical substitution reaction?! using H2...
Homework Statement
I'm trying to determine whether the arrowed nitrogen is acidic or basic. Apparently the answer is that it is acidic. I don't really understand how I am suppose to make that call. That nitrogen is part of secondary amine that is basic, with resonance effect from the oxygen...
I have an application where I am bubbling N2 into diesel at the bottom of a storage tank to register the head pressure.
I want to calculate at what depth (head pressure) the nitrogen gas would go into solution instead of creating a bubble at the bottom of the tank. Could you explain or...
Hi, i am on work experience and they have given me a short task which is sort of the next step up from work i have done previously. Can anyone help me with the following:-
Vessel containing nitrogen at 50 oC
Nitrogen is pumped along a 30m length of pipe at a flow rate of 1.5 litres per...
Hi All, Is there a type of airfilter! that will remove nitrogen from AIR??
if not can I force air through water to remove nitrogen?? If not
How do I remove nitrogen from AIR
Please keep it simple as I is STUPID
goony
i was doing an experiment with liquid nitrogen, i had to put an aluminium body initially at room temperature inside a glass with the nitrogen at 77K, first it starts making a loud noise then a lower noise that is slowly increasing and finally near the equilibrium point the noise gets strangley...
Homework Statement
I am required to plan an investigation to find out how changes in the consumption of protein in the diet influences the excretion of urea in humans.
Apparatus:
10g per 100cm3 (10%) solution of urea.
Urease tablets or 5g per 100cm3 (5%) solution of urease...
Homework Statement
At 100 Celcius the rms speed of nitrogen molecules is 576 m/s. Nitrogen at 100 Celcius and a pressure of 2.0 atm is held in a container with a 10cm x 10cm square wall.
Homework Equations
rate of collisions: N_coll/ \Deltat = (N*A*v_x)/(2V) (this is from my textbook)
ideal...
I need to plan an investigation to find out how changes in the consumption of protein in the diet influence the excretion of urea in humans.
it is possible to determine the urea concentration in urine using the enzyme urease which catalyses the following reaction:
Urea+Water --> (with...
Problem 10-58a: The equilibrium separation between the nuclei of the nitrogen molecule (N2) is 0.190 nm and the mass of each nitrogen nucleus is 14.0 u, where u = 1.66E-27 kg. For rotational energies, the total energy is due to rotational kinetic energy. Approximate the nitrogen molecule as a...
Homework Statement
2.0 moles of nitrogen (N2) gas are placed in a container whose volume is 8.4 10-3 m3. The pressure of the gas is 4.7 105 Pa. What is the average translational kinetic energy of a nitrogen molecule?
average KEN2 = WebAssign will check your answer for the correct number...
[SOLVED] Translational Kinetic Energy
Homework Statement
(Q) Find the average translational kinetic energy of nitrogen molecules at 1600K.
Homework Equations
Translational KE per degree of freedom = 1/2kT.
The Attempt at a Solution
Since Nitrogen molecules are diatomic, it has 5...
Can anyone help me to understand the function of nitrogen in PWR.
What I know about unstable N-16 is that it is used as an indication of power PWR. How fast does it achieve an equilibrium activity?
...
In most high temperature gas cooled reactor concepts it seems like helium is the preferred gas. But what makes helium a better chooise than nitrogen? :confused:
And when on the topic of gas cooled graphite moderated reactors, what guarantees that the graphite will never catch fire? Is there...
A local garage has big advertizements featuring "free nitrogen inflation of all new tires fitted, as used in Formula I motorsport for the past 20 years".
My cynicism assumes this is snake oil so far as normal road tires are concerned - can anybody confirm or deny this?
It reminds me of a...
I've always wondered how people are able to walk on hot coal without suffering from burns.
Moreover, earlier, a teacher demonstrated to my class how if one spills liquid nitrogen on one's hand in open air that one does not suffer from frostbite, but only feels the cold temperature.
I got...
I worked on this problem for quite a while last night and I'm not at all sure if my answers are correct. This is the problem I’ve been given:
I know nitrogen exists in the 3-, 3+ and 5+ oxidation states. I would think that they would give me at least one of each. I'm REALLY not sure about b...
Liquid nitrogen!
No, I don't have any, but I WANT SOME. I have no idea how to proceed. How much does it cost, flask included, and where can I get it? Do I have to use all of it right away, or can I store it for more than a few days? What kind of saftey should be taken into consideration besides...
Hey. Is anyone able to guide me as to how nitrogen gas can be produced in a laboratory, or give me links with information? I can't seem to find anything :(
Thanks,
Dan.
Hey everyone
I am confused as to the structure of a heme molecule. A picture of it is shown here:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Heme.png
I understand the heme group is largely a porphyrin molecule. The 4 Nitrogens are coordinate-covalently bound to the central Iron atom. The...