Data are units of information, often numeric, that are collected through observation. In a more technical sense, data are a set of values of qualitative or quantitative variables about one or more persons or objects, while a datum (singular of data) is a single value of a single variable.Although the terms "data" and "information" are often used interchangeably, these terms have distinct meanings. In some popular publications, data are sometimes said to be transformed into information when they are viewed in context or in post-analysis. However, in academic treatments of the subject data are simply units of information. Data are used in scientific research, businesses management (e.g., sales data, revenue, profits, stock price), finance, governance (e.g., crime rates, unemployment rates, literacy rates), and in virtually every other form of human organizational activity (e.g., censuses of the number of homeless people by non-profit organizations).
Data are measured, collected and reported, and analyzed, and from data visualizations such as graphs, tables or images are produced. Data as a general concept refers to the fact that some existing information or knowledge is represented or coded in some form suitable for better usage or processing. Raw data ("unprocessed data") is a collection of numbers or characters before it has been "cleaned" and corrected by researchers. Raw data needs to be corrected to remove outliers or obvious instrument or data entry errors (e.g., a thermometer reading from an outdoor Arctic location recording a tropical temperature). Data processing commonly occurs by stages, and the "processed data" from one stage may be considered the "raw data" of the next stage. Field data is raw data that is collected in an uncontrolled "in situ" environment. Experimental data is data that is generated within the context of a scientific investigation by observation and recording.
Data has been described as the new oil of the digital economy.
I have non-uniformly sampled transfer function data (magnitude only) in the range of 100kHz and 200MHz. Using this transfer function, I would like to calculate output from specific input.
Question :
To obtain phase of the transfer function from the magnitude data, I am trying to use Hilbert...
Hello,
Beginner here so take it easy. I am building a basic hybrid-platform app using Smartface (a similar platform to Phongap). For purposes of this discussion, the app will do something very basic: you click the start button and it will start counting down from 30 minutes to 0, and when you...
Hello Everybody!
At this point of my life, I'm facing a dilemma which might seem a bit unconventional, or even strange: Should I apply to Data Science Master's programs or Physics Master's programs? I'm in a state of constant confusion and can't make my mind to pick one of these paths. Any...
1) For standard non-linear least squares, the standard approaches are to either
a) to use the jacobian to linearize, and proceed with linear regression, or to
b) linearize the raw data
2) When data needs to be "fit" to a complicated model (e.g. some non-linear differential equation) that...
Hello.I have 3 repitions of an experiment. The data consists of mass flow rates vs. time.
What I want to do is to calculate the mass vs. time, i.e. integrating my data.
I consider the resolution for each measurement to be exactly 3 minutes. To calculate the area I use the trapetzoid
rule, i.e...
Hey all, pretty easy question. Received a request that we are obligated to uphold regarding our purchasing information. We must provide the information in a concise format (pff). Here's the issue. They are going to use it to sell marketing information and we don't like the idea of them making...
http://arxiv.org/ftp/cs/papers/0701/0701016.pdf
The above is link of Kafri's paper
I was just studying at high school when I found this theoretical scientific discovery proposed by an enough notable Israeli physicist Oded Kafri. He made a unique unification or link between second law of...
Hello everyone!
In C language,does two different variables with different data types but equal values equate each other?
For example,are these two statements equal:
int x=3;
float y=3.0;
?
thanks in advance..
I just graduated, and one of my last classes in school was computational physics. We would write programs using C++ to simulate all sorts of physical situations, write a bunch of data to a text file, and then import that data into Mathematica, where we would use the data to create graphs...
I'm doing some work and don't really know if there is a better way to proceed. I have vendor information of how much premium they bring in, and how much losses they incur. With those 2 figures, I can get a 'loss ratio' of each vendor. My job is to look through the list and Identify any...
Homework Statement
Explain and compare two efficient implementations of a priority queue using binary tree.
Ilustrate this on an example of ascending priority queue that is created when elements
15, 38, 45, 21, 8, 55,20 are inserted and the two largest elements are deleted.
Homework Equations...
I was reading through the answer key of question 3 in an AP Biology free response (found here: https://secure-media.collegeboard.org/digitalServices/pdf/ap/ap15_biology_sg.pdf ), and it had this question:
"Identify whether morphological data or amino acid sequence data are more likely to...
I will be working with a group of high school students on introductory modern physics. They've studied classical physics, chemistry and differential calculus. Some will be taking integral calculus concurrently. We work from Weidner and Sells Elementary Modern Physics. I do not see much I can do...
Homework Statement
Write a program that reads data from binary file EMPLOYEE.DAT (employees are proffesors and teaching assistants, assume that the file exists). Split data about proffesors and teaching assistants in two separate text files and sort data by ID using insertion sort algorithm...
I wasn't sure where to post this, but I figured this would be a topic under General Physics. I am aware that the next generation of observations, ranging from cosmological observations to post-LHC particle physics experiments, will produce overwhelmingly large and complex datasets, far larger...
I would like to perform some modelling on spiral galaxies learning about the Baryonic Tully-Fisher Relationship. Does anyone know of a catalog where I can find the maximum velocity (Vflat ) and radius (of Vflat ) of galaxies? (Yes, I know the Tully-Fisher relationship only relates tangential...
I have a B.S. in physics, I am currently in a non-thesis Master of Engineering in Mechanical/Biomedical engineering and set to graduate in the spring. I have been working in a lab to pick up some extra cash and skills over the past 7 months. Mainly what I have been doing is applying data science...
Hello...
I have a quick assignment for my statistics course, just calculate the mean, standard deviation etc..
We have our choice to calculate these statistics on any data set, anyone know of some cool physical science data, that would be quick to manipulate.. ASCII txt file please :D
Homework Statement
Homework Equations
Tree data structures.
I think it might also have something to do with minimax algorithm, but it was only mentioned once and never discussed extensively in class so I doubt it is required.
The Attempt at a Solution
[/B]
If both players play as well as...
I am looking for some help, or even advice as how to proceed.
I am trying to quantify an impulse from a hand (a high velocity low amplitude motion). In attempt to do that, I've tried attaching an accelerometer to my hand.
My problem is, that the values I'd like to calculate as an objective...
Hello! I would be very happy if you could lend me a helping hand with the following problem. :)
1. Homework Statement
We know that a CD is read with a laser with a wavelenght of λ = 1 μm.
a) Estimate the data stored on the CD.
b) We know that the CD contains 80 minutes of sound. How fast is it...
I have several of the .ost and .pst data files that I am trying to make as mailboxes (with the inbox and other subs that I created) but when I try it says they are not personal folders. I had changed one pst to ost and it worked but not the others. I thought .pst was the right suffix for these...
I'm a psychologist and I'm currently studying physics but, because this is not my field of study, I'm having great difficulties.
I am currently studying biological motion and I have to calculate the jerk of my 2D motion data and I don't even know where to start. My data is basically a bunch of...
I am an undergraduate physics major and I am taking a course on Big Data analytics. For the semester project, our professor has asked up to take up any field that interest us and do a project in that. I want to do something related to quantum mechanics or particle physics. Is that possible at my...
I did an experiment about interference of light when it passes two slits. I got datas and made chart, but I'm confused which result value I need to use whether % discrepancy or standard deviation. My data's & discrepancy is around 7, and difference between theoretical value and experiment value...
I am requarid to submit reference letter with complite reference data (of my recomendator)
could you tell me what dose reference data means?
Is it just list of publications of something else? o_O
Any help would be much appreciated.
The problem lies in the non-Gaussian distribution of the sample. If we take the entire data set of total fish catch, the skewness statistic equals 7.463 with a std. error of skewness of 0.39. Accordingly, the Z dist. (7.463/0.39)=19.14. Overall, the...
Homework Statement
Okay so we're testing the effects different types and number of layers can have the heat released through conduction. in our results we found that the heat released was reduced by 50% for 2 layers compared to 1 layer and that the heat released was reduced to 34% for 3 layers...
Homework Statement
I attached the full document, buy I just want to know about :
"Using calibration procedure determine:
a) Sensitivity (mV/gr)
b) Overall instrument error (gr)
c) Linearity error %FSO
d) Hysteresis error %FSO
e) Precision error %FSO"
Homework EquationsThe Attempt at a...
Homework Statement
Name a strength and weakness of each technique.
Homework EquationsThe Attempt at a Solution
The two techniques that I came up with are:
Magnetic Line of Force in rocks to analyze land-based paleomagnetic data.
Strength: Well, it's easy to collect. [need help here]...
In Skype, I am getting
“Do you want to debug this webpage?
This webpage contains errors that might prevent it from displaying or working correctly. If you are not testing this webpage, click No.”
Then, I can click or not click
"Use the built-in script debugger in Internet Explorer."
(No...
Hi all,
I am currently operating a piece of equipment that essentially collects particles and separates them based on their size. Essentially you have 8 stages, and each stage has a differing size of particles it collects. For example:
Stage----Size of Particles (D) (um)-----Mass Collected (M)...
Hi guys,
On Wikipedia I found this article:
http://www.ibtimes.co.uk/planck-univ...-holman-468831
The map showed anomalies that cosmologists believe could only have been caused by the gravitational pull of other universes outside our own.
"These anomalies were caused by other universes...
Write a C++ program based on the following scenario:
You customer wants you to design and then build an online store:
Abilities the customer wants in the system:
Track products and related information.
Track customers, especially what the customer owes
Identify a product that will be for...
I should start by saying that, as a novice data analyst, I have very little experience with MRI physics, but I believe I understand the absolute fundamentals. Also, this post mostly concerns data analysis issues so might be better suited for some other signal processing forum, but I'm hoping...
What books of solved problems (free in pdf) would you recommend for data structures and algorithms in C (linked lists, trees, sorting and searching algorithms, graphs, recursion, files)?
Note: I am not looking for theoretical books, but books of solved problems.
Thanks for replies.
I didn't know where exactly should I post this kind of question :)
I need to find experimental values of linear thermal expansion coefficients of copper at various temperatures (ranging 100-1500K); however, as much as I google it I only get coefficients at 20 degrees of celsius, or else there...
I have nine sets of data with x,y coords that are the position of a particle. I can ListPlot the particle positions on a single plot, but, I want to animate this.
ListPlot[{mydata1, mydata2, mydata3, mydata4, mydata5, mydata6, mydata7, mydata8, mydata9}, PlotRange -> {{-1, 20}, {-1, 20}}]
I...
I hope this is the right place to post this, please move if you think it's needed.
I want to ask how do I extrapolate a correlation from a bunch of numbers. I did and experiment on gyroscopes, and have three kinds of data, w1, w3 and F_t, the later two can be used to calculate L3 and T_g. My...
Hi everyone,
I am looking for any available experimental data which models off-road vehicle travel in clay and measures tyre and soil parameters. Parameters I am looking for include pull, torque, shear strength of the soil, sinkage, slip and deflection. If anyone knows of any available raw data...
I am creating an exercise about splines, for which I need a set of about 10 to 200 points that form a picture when they are connected. Something like the following (from the book "Mathematical Elements for Computer Graphics" by Rogers and Adams).
I need a file with coordinates and the order...
Here is essentially what I need to do for a school essay:
I have an excel sheet with 200 points (x corresponding to A1 column values, y corresponding to B1 column values). I need to find a way to transfer this to a graphing program in quadrant 1 (all x,y coordinates are >= 1 and less than or...
Hi, I am searching for cosmic ray data (justfrom the sun), and am having a hard time finding data sets.
Could someone give me a link or an idea to as where to look
what I am wanting to know is what are the problems with sending data with photons of light? in detail? why have we not got this up and running. I want to know so I can work on some or one of the problems
I'm planning to start grad school for astrophysics next year, but am kind of put off by reading about the lack of jobs in science after graduation. It looks like data science is the current hot field to go into, even for PhDs in other fields. Would it make sense to start a PhD program fully...