What is Calculation: Definition and 1000 Discussions
A calculation is a deliberate process that transforms one or more inputs into one or more results. The term is used in a variety of senses, from the very definite arithmetical calculation of using an algorithm, to the vague heuristics of calculating a strategy in a competition, or calculating the chance of a successful relationship between two people.
For example, multiplying 7 by 6 is a simple algorithmic calculation. Estimating the fair price for financial instruments using the Black–Scholes model is a more complex algorithmic calculation.
Statistical estimations of the likely election results from opinion polls also involve algorithmic calculations, but produces ranges of possibilities rather than exact answers.
To calculate means to determine mathematically in the case of a number or amount, or in the case of an abstract problem to deduce the answer using logic, reason or common sense. The English word derives from the Latin calculus, which originally meant a small stone in the gall-bladder (from Latin calx). It also meant a pebble used for calculating, or a small stone used as a counter in an abacus (Latin abacus, Greek abax). The abacus was an instrument used by Greeks and Romans for arithmetic calculations, preceding the slide-rule and the electronic calculator, and consisted of perforated pebbles sliding on iron bars.
How can we calculate the friction between the wheels and the surface in contact? I know that big wheels will have a greater friction, but what is the formula to calculate it?
How can i calculate the water temperatur in step 3? Do i need more information?
We can assume the water temperatur in step 2 is anything between 288 and 313K.
If anyone knows how to calculate step 4, ill take that as well.
Is this the proper formula for calculating the Schwarzschild radius of a black hole?
rs = 2GM / c2
If it is not, or if anyone has one that might work better, could you refer it to me?
When the calculation for the cohesive energy in a molecular solid is carried on, there appears a summation for the interaction of all the molecules or atoms in the solid, (see for example Kittel Introduction to solid state Physics 3rd edition, page 87). For noble gases, this interaction could be...
I have the following limit to calculate under the assumption that ##\Re(x+y)>1##:
Limit[Integrate[
1/((1 + t^2)^n*(1 + I*t)^x (1 - I*t)^y), {t, -Infinity, Infinity}],
n -> Infinity]
I want to add the above assumption for integral, how to do it? does it even converge?
Thanks.
Hey! :o
I want to calculate the surface integral of $$F(x,y,z)=(0,0,z)$$ on the unit sphere with parametrization
$$x=\sin u \cos v, \ y=\sin u \sin v , \ z=\cos u \\ 0\leq u\leq \pi, \ 0\leq v\leq 2\pi$$
with positive direction the direction of $T_u\times T_v$. Could you give some hints how...
Dear Fellow Engineers
I'm having an issues with my calculations. This case concerns a open channel flow that start off being supercritical on the left and turns into subcritical flow after a hydraulic jump.
Given:
Volume flow rate Q = 0.16m^3/s
Width of the channel b = 1m
Resulting...
I came across a rather dubious question that a teacher had put in a power point. It said something like,"Given a sample of 100 atoms of isotope x, after one half life of the said isotope, how many atoms of the original isotope will be left?"
My answer was that it was a trick question because...
I am wondering if someone can show me how to calculate the exit speed of an object if it is dropped into a container which is spinning at 5000 rpm and has a radius of 120mm. Let us assume the object weighs one gram.
I am building a machine for wear testing. rock/water is supplied to the centre...
Please,I am working on the criticality calculation of an homogeneous finite cylindrical reactor core using four-group diffusion equations. I have been able to discretize the multigroup diffusion equations using the finite difference method(FED). But
I am stocked on the iterative method to...
Homework Statement
I need to calculate the power for phase A, B, and C so that I can determine the total power into the system.
I have measured the following data:
VA magnitude = 117.7 [v]
VA angle = 0°
IA magnitude = 7.5 [A]
IA angle = -25.5°
VB magnitude = 117.7 [v]
VB angle = -124.1°
IB...
Okay, it's not easy for me but probably for you ;)
Hello first of all!
I have two questions:
1. Why is there a minus before the expression in the red circle?
2. How did the x((n-1)-1) in the last line come to be?More precise: I understand the first parts. It's the random walk and x signifies...
Stuck on a question in my Construction Materials coursework. Not asking for anyone to solve it for me but would be grateful if someone could point me in the right direction:
As far as i was aware, stiffness = force/deflection, data which is not obtainable in a hypothetical circumstance.
Hello everybody
I am an architecture student working on a facade system and because I do not have much physics knowledge I stumbled across a question I can't answer myself:
If my facade is actually a thin parallelipiped glass tank filled with water, how do I measure the temperature changes of...
Homework Statement
At midnight (local time) on Dec 21st 2015, the Local Sidereal Time at Palomar Observatory, California, was 6h 27m. Palomar Observatory has latitude 33◦ 210 2100 N, and longitude 116deg 51arcmin 60arcsecW.
a) What was the approximate Local Hour Angle of the Sun at 23:00 local...
Is it possible to find the pressure of water that leaves a pipe of certain area/diameter given only the flow rate of the water itself? OR the requires piping diameter/area given the pressure that I desire.
I'm trying to design a system that requires relatively high pressure (for spraying)...
I have what seems like a straight forward question, but am unable to find a formula.
The question originates from my previous topic which was trolled: https://www.physicsforums.com/threads/blowing-up-a-balloon-using-centrifugal-force.848892/
Basically I have a 1.5m hollow length of 10mm tube...
I am looking for someone with mechanical engineering background who can assist me in making some calculations. I have an aluminum tray that is connected to a tripod and that supports a laptop. I want to get a lighter and smaller aluminum tray that can accommodate a tablet, but I don't know...
Homework Statement
Calculate the ΔS° when 0.5 mole of liquid water at 0°C is mixed with 0.5 mole of liquid water at 100°C.Assume Cp=18cal/deg mole over the whole range of temperatures.
Homework Equations
ΔS=∫ Cp/T dT
Homework Statement
[/B]
a=12.26 +/- 0.08
b=0.25 +/- 0.05
e=1.2 +/- 0.2
Evaluate the uncertainty of following calculations
Part 1. z= 5(ab/e)
Part 2. p= 3e - b
The Attempt at a Solution
I attempted part 1 like this
Δz/z = 5 (Δa/a + Δb/b + Δe/e)
...
Calculated Δz to be 20 but the answer is...
Homework Statement
I have an object of a known mass, and known dimension along one axis (length).
Mass: 10 kg
Length: 2 meters
I wish to calculate what the mass of an object that is similarly constituted and shaped will be if it has a greatly expanded length of: 1,000 meters.
I am seeking to...
Having difficulty remembering how to model a simple heat transfer equation for a liquid tank/piping system and wondering if anyone can provide some quick help.
I have a 1000L tank of water that is heated by a 1kW heater (target temp of 43°C). The piping system (outside of the tank), holds 100L...
Suppose an object of mass m is hung in a steady state by two strings. One string makes an angle 60 deg. at the point of contact with the object with the horizontal line. The other string makes 45 deg.
To find the tensions in these strings (T1 and T2) we take all Horizontal Forces or their...
Homework Statement
In the attachment. Need to calculate azimuth of BC.
Homework EquationsThe Attempt at a Solution
I don't understand why the azimuth of AB would be given as 126 degrees when it is almost a complete revolution of 360 degrees. I calculated the back azimuth which would be...
Homework Statement
What is the velocity of a rugby ball 3.0s after it is kicked vertically upwards with a speed of 16m/s? Give your answer to 2 s.f.
Homework Equations
SUVAT
The Attempt at a Solution
s = ?
u = 16
v = ?
a = g = 9.8
t = 3
Erm... v = u + at?
16 + 9.8 x 3 = 45m/s. Incorrect, try...
Hallo.
So the other day I reviewed a bit of quantum field theory and went through the Compton scattering calculation. To no ones surprise it was fairly simpel if you have a nice list of identities for rewriting the base results from the Feynman diagrams. See for exaxmple section 5.3 in...
Attempting to determine the torque on the shaft of a pump. Known values are flow rate, RPM, and shaft diameter.
1. What other values are needed to make the calculation?
2. What is the equation I can use for this?
Hello
Here is an uniform E filed distribution aperture antenna E and H far filed euations
and here is directivity calculation approach
my problem is why don't we calculate D with both E(theta) and E(phi)? My mean is:
instead of using
we should use
because both of them are not zero in...
http://www.pjoes.com/pdf/19.4/749-756.pdf
i would like to learn about the calculations formulas involve in this mechanism.
Any notes or formulas with explanation on the calculations of pressure loss, volumentric velocity, velocity, ect. will be very much helpful.
In the pdf of the given link...
Homework Statement
Hello everyone. A 4-way TV antenna amplifier has the following specifications:
Bandwidth = 40-862Mhz
Gain = 20dB
Noise figure = 6 dB
Max output = 85dBuV
Input impedance = output impedance = 75 ohm
Question 1: Calculate the required voltage on the input of the amplifier to...
Hi!
I've written a novel in which my main character travels through time (into the future) 18 years. While the concept of time travel is necessary to the plot, the details are not. Meaning, the book isn't sci-fi, but contains elements that wouldn't normally exist in a contemporary novel, so...
The cross-section of a cost-iron beam is shown in figure below, the loading being in the plane of the web, the upper portion of the section being in compression. If the maximum permissible stresses are 2000 kg/ cm2 in tension and 3000 kg/ cm2 in compression, find the moment of resistance of the...
Homework Statement
The great Sumatra earthquake of late 2004 had a main shock with an M_w magnitude of 9.1 and a large aftershock in early 2005 had an M_w of 8.6.
Calculate the seismic moment, M_o (energy release) of each earthquake.
Homework Equations
M_w = 2/3*log(M_o)-6.0
Where log = log...
Homework Statement
A spherical drop of water carrying a charge of 3×10^-19 has a potential of 500V at its surface (with V=0 at infinity) (a) What is the radius of the drop? If two such drops of the same charge and radius combined to form a single drop, what is the potential at the surface of...
This question is confusing me, trying to find an equation for "tensile force" has left me confused since I've found no equation for it just for tension, tensile stress and tensile strain, just wanting to make sure I've not missed anything or done it incorrectly
1. Homework Statement
At a...
Hi folks,
I'm working on Fluka nowadays which you can found from here if you are not familiar. It's a very useful and widely used Monte Carlo simulation package.
My main goal is to be able to perform total cross section calculation with it. So far, please consider I'm a rookie, I've done some...
Hi everyone,
Homework Statement
In the picture in attachment you can see 2 objects: "1" (it would be a door keeper) is able to move in direction "Y", "2" (it would be a lock latchbolt) is able to rotate around its axis. The 2 objects are in contact with each other. On the object "1" we have a...
I know two formulas which is to do with change in temperature,first one is : Q=mc(T-t) and the second one is
E=sigmaT^4. My question is the difference between these two and where we have to use either of these?
Hello,
I'm a student in mechanical engineering and right now, we're studying non Linear Calculation of Structures. We have a project which consists on evaluating one of the solutions to stop a tourism aeroplane CESSNA 172, like a cable to stop it when it lands. So we started our study with a...
Homework Statement
y'' + 3y' + 2y = r(t),
r(t) = u(t - 1) - u(t - 2),
y(0) = y'(0) = 0.
I need to solve this by convolution, which I know is commutative. The problem is that my calculation gives (f * g) =/= (g * f). Could someone please tell me where my mistake is?
Homework Equations...
Hi,
I have a question how to calculate the light emitted from a LED screen. The LED display is rated at 5000 nits. Total size of the display is 64sqm. (8m x 8m touching the floor) I would like to calculate the total light emitted, the light on the floor in front 1m away and the light on the...
Homework Statement
A man is jumping up and down on a pogo stick. For the purpose of this
problem, we will think of such a stick as being a (massless) spring with a guy
+ stick on top. We will assume that no friction is involved, and so in principle
the guy could keep jumping forever. At...
Homework Statement
I have two analog MEMS accelerometers ADXL337, ADXL377. The ADXL337 can measure acceleration upto +/- 3g (where g = gravitational acceleration) and ADXL377 can measure upto acceleration of +/- 200g. More than this much amount of acceleration, would create noise and random...
Homework Statement
Muscle can be torn apart by a force of 100,000 N applied across an area of 1 m2. A 10 cm2 muscle therefore will be torn by a force of 100 N.
If a student of average size were being lowered into a black hole of 1 solar mass, at about what distance from the hole's center will...
Firstly, I'm new to these forums, and I'm not sure what the prefixe in creating this thread is supposed to be... (i'm assuming it is to judge to question's level)? saw some threads without prefixes but i can't post one without... maybe i missed a stickied thread or a readme?
Alright, so, first...
Hello,
I am new to this forum but I have a question for you all. It is about the pressure in a system that changes when leakage changes. The test setup has to following components:
- Air supply with 8-10 bar
- Pressure valve that can be manually adjusted
- A flow meter that measures the...
Homework Statement
A spaceship with mass m = 800 kg moves freely in gravitionalfree zone. It moves with a constant velocity v = 1.5 km/s for t < 0. At t = 0 the spaceship is starting to break using a rocket acting on it with a time dependent force F(t) = Bt (T-t), where B is a positive...
#1 Round and round we go! You are constructing a centrifuge to use its spinning motion to act like increased gravity.
(a) Find the formula for centripetal force.
(b) Your centrifuge can spin at 35,000 rpms and your samples are placed 1.75 inches from the center of rotation. If the force of...
Hi, this may be a very trivial question but,
When calculating energy, is it BE(products) - BE(reactants) or is it the other way round?
I have been solving questions and the solutions were products - reactants for some and reactants - products for some.
Also for mass defect , is it mass (...
Hey,
I am attempting to figure out the optimal nozzle placement for an evaporative cooling tower. Now, calculating the theoretical coverage of each nozzle is obviously not a problem since I know the spray angle of the nozzles. However, since the water is injected at a much higher speed than...