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What is torque in electric motors? And why is it largest when a single armature is horizontal to the field?
Torque is a measure of the rotational force or the ability of a force to cause an object to rotate. In electric motors, torque is the force that causes the motor's armature to rotate, generating power.
Torque and power are directly related in electric motors. Torque is the force that causes rotation, while power is the rate at which work is done. In simple terms, higher torque results in higher power output from the motor.
The torque of an electric motor is affected by various factors such as the strength of the magnetic field, the number of turns in the coil, the current flowing through the coil, and the shape and size of the motor's armature.
Torque is measured in Newton-meters (Nm) or pound-feet (lb-ft) in electric motors. This is typically done using a torque sensor or a dynamometer, which measures the force applied to the motor's shaft and the distance from the center of rotation.
Torque is crucial in electric motors as it determines the motor's ability to perform work. Higher torque allows the motor to overcome resistance and produce more power, while lower torque may result in the motor stalling or not being able to complete its intended task.