Sodium is a chemical element with the symbol Na (from Latin natrium) and atomic number 11. It is a soft, silvery-white, highly reactive metal. Sodium is an alkali metal, being in group 1 of the periodic table. Its only stable isotope is 23Na. The free metal does not occur in nature, and must be prepared from compounds. Sodium is the sixth most abundant element in the Earth's crust and exists in numerous minerals such as feldspars, sodalite, and rock salt (NaCl). Many salts of sodium are highly water-soluble: sodium ions have been leached by the action of water from the Earth's minerals over eons, and thus sodium and chlorine are the most common dissolved elements by weight in the oceans.
Sodium was first isolated by Humphry Davy in 1807 by the electrolysis of sodium hydroxide. Among many other useful sodium compounds, sodium hydroxide (lye) is used in soap manufacture, and sodium chloride (edible salt) is a de-icing agent and a nutrient for animals including humans.
Sodium is an essential element for all animals and some plants. Sodium ions are the major cation in the extracellular fluid (ECF) and as such are the major contributor to the ECF osmotic pressure and ECF compartment volume. Loss of water from the ECF compartment increases the sodium concentration, a condition called hypernatremia. Isotonic loss of water and sodium from the ECF compartment decreases the size of that compartment in a condition called ECF hypovolemia.
By means of the sodium-potassium pump, living human cells pump three sodium ions out of the cell in exchange for two potassium ions pumped in; comparing ion concentrations across the cell membrane, inside to outside, potassium measures about 40:1, and sodium, about 1:10. In nerve cells, the electrical charge across the cell membrane enables transmission of the nerve impulse—an action potential—when the charge is dissipated; sodium plays a key role in that activity.
Pleez Help Me!
when a solution of sulphuric acid was standardised the following results were obtained. exactly 5.3g of pure anhydrous sodium carbonate were dissolved in wter and made up to 250cm3 of solution. 25cm3 of this solution were neutralised by 20cm3 of the acid. calculate the molarity...
Sodium vapor lamps are widely used for lighting public areas such as parking lots by emiting 589 nm yellow light.
a. how much energy is emitted by one excited sodium atom when it generates a photon?
b. How much energy is emitted when 1.00 mole of sodium atoms each generate a photon?
Can...
After an action potential has passed the localised region enters its refractory period, and during the absolute refractory period a second impulse cannot be conducted regardless of the size of the stimulation. This is because the sodium channels cannot open immediately after closing, why is that?
I don't quite understand the explanation at wiki;
What does this mean (the vaporizes bit)? the sodium turns to gas, which then glows? when it cools does it condense back to a solid when its turned off again?
I have some crystallized sodium hydroxide drain cleaner that I want to use on my bathroom sink drain, but I just put in a plastic drain and the trap is plastic as well. The clog is past the trap, somewhere deeper. So will the NaOH be alright with the plastic? Not sure exactly what kind of...
i need help with this homework question I am having problems with...
Explain why the first ionization energy for sodium is much smaller than the second ionization energy for sodium.
Many reagents have potassium as the cation instead of sodium. Permanganate is always potassium permanganate. Chlorate is always potassium chlorate. Nitrate is always potassium nitrate. Iodide is potassium iodide.
If potassium costs more money, why is it used in everything?
Hi all..
I have a question regarding the density of a solution.
In my lab manual, it said to use 50 mL of 20% NaOH solution
I have problem of understanding whether the 20% is the molar or mass or volume basis.. It doesn't state anything else in there.. what does it usually means? And i think...
The book that I have goes into very little detail about how to do these sort of problems. I know that you have to balance the equation at the end, which I can do. I do not know how to find the elements! :cry: (Besides the fact that Sodium Hydroxide is NaOH.) Can anyone help? THNX! :biggrin...
Coursework time has hit me at college and no matter how much I hit the books the answer is not hitting me.
It might be simple but I can't see it. Of course, the question is needed.
I had to titrate sulphuirc acid with sodium hydroxide. Not hard to write coursework on and I am sure that if...
We conducted a lab on Friday and today we have to answer a few post lab questions.
I'm stuck on one question and it asks:
Does sodium bicarbonate (aka Baking Soda) (NaHCO3) function as an acid or a base? What sort of condition will determine this?
I know that sodium bicarbonate will...
low composition of sodium in table salt?
today i went to supermarket for buying some food, and i discovered that some salt which is low amount of sodium??how can it be?as i learned from chemistry , the ratio of sodium and chloride is 1 to 1 .
Why do cells tend to mantain low internal concentrations of Na ions and high internal concentration of k ions despite the surrounding fluid being low in k ions but high in na ions?
Hey,
Can sum1 help me with these two questions?
How many grams of NaCl are required to make 0.30L of a 0.65mol/L soldium chloride solution?
* for this question do i use the #moles = mass/molar mass?
What volume os chlorine gas, measured at 10C and 101.3 kPa, is required to react...
I'm having trouble with sample AP Equation writing questions such as; solid zinc hydroxide is treated with concentrated sodium hydroxide solution. The sheet my teacher provided does not cover this reaction and many others is there any material out there that tells what will happen in most reactions