What is Shell: Definition and 783 Discussions

CONFIG.SYS is the primary configuration file for the DOS and OS/2 operating systems. It is a special ASCII text file that contains user-accessible setup or configuration directives evaluated by the operating system's DOS BIOS (typically residing in IBMBIO.COM or IO.SYS) during boot. CONFIG.SYS was introduced with DOS 2.0.

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  1. K

    B Intensity of Spherical Shell of Stars

    Given that L is the luminosity of a single star and there are n stars evenly distributed throughout this thin spherical shell of radius r with thickness dr, what is the total intensity from this shell of stars? My calculations were as follows: Intensity is the power per unit area per steradian...
  2. somasimple

    Is There Software Available to Display Hydration Shells?

    Hi, Is there Hydration/solvation shell software? I mean softwares able to show ions/molecules and surrounding water molecules forming hydrations shell? https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solvation_shell
  3. A

    Core shell nanoparticle based liquids/ferrofluid dielectric properties

    I found a few research papers with regards to a special type of microsized/nano particles mixed within an oil creating a special sort of ferrofluid or liquid which among other things has the property of extremely (gigantic) high dielectric constant. Now such a fluid would be ideal for a variable...
  4. DaniV

    Finding the magnetic field inside a material shell under external field

    I know that we need to use some boundry condition both on the a radius surface and the b radius surface and somehowuse the superposition on them both, the boundry condition most be for the tangential and the radial part, the only things I got is that i don`t know how to produce a magnetisation M...
  5. navneet9431

    The Effect of Conductors on Electric Field Lines

    What is true is that the field due to the point charge outside of the conductor will not be able to penetrate the shell i.e. there will be no field due to the external point charge anywhere within the conductor nor in the cavity: the field will be **killed off*& by the charges on the outer...
  6. K

    What is the total charge on the grounded conductive shell?

    Hello. I will be glad if someone can help me with this: I've a grounded conductive shell with outer radius of ## R_2## and inner radius ##R_1##. a charge ## Q ## is located inside of the shell, in distance ## r<R_1 ## , and a charge ## q ## is located in distance ## a > R_2 ## outside of the...
  7. Gursimran Singh

    Potential energy of a shell and a disc, both covered uniformly with charge

    Double integration maybe?? I calculated potential due to shell on plate's center but not on other points on it's surface.
  8. solzonmars

    Electric field outside a spherical shell?

    If a charge is put inside a spherical shell, why is the electric field outside the shell independent of the location of the charge? Gauss's law could find that the net flux is independent, but not each individual field? Is this something about the surface charge density being independent of...
  9. S

    I How to apply the disk/washer and shell methods

    In Calculus II, we're learning about solids of revolutions and computing their volumes. I'm unsure when to apply the appropriate methods and how to make the correct partitions. Please tell me if my reasoning is correct: The disk/washer method is applied when your partitions are perpendicular...
  10. maxd23

    A neutral conducting cylindrical shell

    Homework Statement A neutral conducting cylindrical shell with inner radius b and outer radius c surrounds a charged insulated cylinder of radius a at its center whose volume charge density varies radially away from the center as ρ(r) = ρ0 (1− r / a) . A cross-sectional view is shown. (a)...
  11. CharlieCW

    Potential inside a cylindrical shell with a line charge

    Homework Statement Find the electric potential of an infinitely long cylinder shell of radius ##R## whose walls are grounded, when in its interior a line charge, parallel to the cylinder, is placed at ##r=a## (with ##a<R##) and that has a lineal charge density ##\lambda##. Homework Equations...
  12. F

    Shell in a cylindrical capacitor

    Homework Statement There is a capacitor (llenght ##L##) made of a conductor (cylinder of radius ##R_1##) and a cylindrical surface (radius ##R_2##). It is charged with a potential ##V_0##, then it is isolated. (There is vacuum between ##R_1## and ##R_2##) Now we insert a cylindrical...
  13. cromata

    I Integration over a part of a spherical shell in Cartesian coordinates

    I am modeling some dynamical system and I came across integral that I don't know how to solve. I need to integrate vector function f=-xj+yi (i and j are unit vectors of Cartesian coordinate system). I need to integrate this function over a part of spherical shell of radius R. This part is...
  14. A

    Shell and Tube Exchanger Design Problem

    Homework Statement 51300 kg/hr caustic soda (= 1.115, = 0.349 Btu/lb ∙ ℉ ∙ ft) leaves a dissolver at 190℉ is to be cooled to 120℉ using water at 80℉ which will be heated to 120℉. Knowing that the specific heat and the viscosity at the mean of 0.88 Btu/lb ∙ ℉ and 0.76 cp respectively. Plant...
  15. G

    I Are there quark "shells", just as electrons have shells?

    Historically, quantum mechanics, or wave mechanics, arose due to the anomaly that accelerating free charges ( electrons ) radiated EM waves. The quantisation theory provided a solution. Quarks also have electric charge, and are moving at relativistic speeds, and bound in the nucleon. As the...
  16. S

    B Gravity in Hollow Shell: Nonadditivity and Relativistic Self-Interaction

    Classical gravity is additive. Therefore classical gravity obeys Gauss´ law. One result is absence of gravity in any hollow, spherically symmetric shell. In general relativity, gravity is not additive. Simple example is a black hole. The gravity of a classical point mass diverges to infinity...
  17. starstruck_

    Electric field of spherical shell

    Homework Statement Consider a spherical shell with uniform charge density ρ. The shell is drawn as a donut with inner (R1) and outer (R2) radii. Let r measure the distance from the center of the spherical shell, what is the electric field at r>R2, R1<r<R2, and r<R1. I am working on the r > R2...
  18. Physics Dad

    Finding the electric field of insulated shell

    An insulating spherical shell of inner radius r1 and outer radius r2 is charged so that its volume density is given by: ρ(r) = 0 for 0 ≤ r < r1 p(r) = A/r for r1 ≤ r ≤ r2 p(r) = 0 for r > r2 Where A is a constant and r is the radial distance from the center of the shell. Find the electric...
  19. C

    A What happens if photon propagator goes on shell?

    I am thinking about a problem. Consider the forward Compton scattering process e(p)+γ(k) -> e(p)+γ(k), as shown in the following figure. If we consider the initial red photon is emitted by another electron which then goes to anything, then how can we write down the whole amplitude for this...
  20. DarkStar42

    I Would Newton's shell theorem prevent binary planet systems?

    Would the shell theorem prevent a binary planet system, with two ideally equal masses, structure etc?
  21. Brilli

    Force on a part of a spherical shell on the other

    Homework Statement Given there is a conducting sphere which has a charge q on it. A plane cuts the sphere into 2 form a distance r from centre. How can we calculate the electrostatic force on one part on either side of the plane due ro the other part? Homework EquationsThe Attempt at a...
  22. Krushnaraj Pandya

    Motion of rolling metallic shell filled with water

    Homework Statement A metallic spherical shell of mass M and radius R is fully filled with water of mass M is set into pure pure rolling motion on a smooth horizonal surface (w clockwise, v to the right). Now water is freezed suddenly, and the ice sticks with the shell. What is- a) moment of...
  23. twist.1995

    A Restricted Open Shell Hartree Fock Method

    Hello, dear scientists and forum users. I have recently finished programming the restricted closed-shell and unrestricted Hartree-Fock matrix equations. They seem to work fine for small diatomic molecules. However, I cannot understand the restricted open-shell theory that was firstly published...
  24. icesalmon

    Electrical Potential of a uniformly charged spherical shell

    Homework Statement From Griffiths Third Edition: "Introduction to Electrodynamics" p.p. 81 ex. 2.6 "Find the potential inside and outside a spherical shell of radius R, which carries a uniform surface charge. Set the reference point at infinity. Homework Equations V(r) = -∫E⋅dl The...
  25. prodo123

    Electric potential inside a shell of charge

    Homework Statement Q1: There are two concentric spherical shells with radii ##R_1## and ##R_2## and charges ##q_1## and ##q_2## uniformly distributed across their surfaces. What is the electric potential at the center of the shells? Q2: There is an infinitely long hollow cylinder of linear...
  26. F

    Why does an artillery shell rotate when fired?

    An artillery shell is fired at, let's say, a 45 degree angle. The shell will rise to a maximun height and then fall back to earth, but the shell will also rotate considerably so that it strikes the ground with the nose forward. What accounts for the rotation? It would seem that the center of...
  27. T

    I Dark matter and old shell theorem

    From an outsiders view, it appears that the old shell theorem is relevant to the dark matter issue: If one views a spherical cluster of galaxies as an interconnected structure, gravity would increase linearly with distance from the center and be greatest at the edge of the cluster. For a spiral...
  28. E

    Implementing a Unix Shell in C

    Homework Statement Assignment instructions are as follows: For the purposes of this assignment, we've been provided with some skeleton code (the "myshell.c" program mentioned in the instructions). I'll post it here: #include <stdio.h> #include <sys/wait.h> #include <unistd.h> #include...
  29. tze liu

    I Ring or the shell in Bremsstrahlung?

    Recently i watch a video about Thermal Bremsstrahlung. and i don't understand the explanation that they use a ring instead of disk in 6:02 to 7:06. (1)how did he divided the set of electrons up into in two sets of velocities that are all in the same direction and sum over all of the different...
  30. Tomi Kolawole

    The potential difference between a sphere shell and a point

    I am to use this formula: https://d2vlcm61l7u1fs.cloudfront.net/media/fee/fee798ea-5480-47af-9904-35c76ac35e25/phpSzecLa.png I tried using intergral of (E*dr) as in the equation to integrate over the distance of V(2A)-V(0) But when i am to plug in zero into my integrate it would give a math...
  31. devan

    I Width of one electron shell of a hydrogen atom

    I'm quite new to quantum mechanics. I have a question, I'm coding a small game with my friends and I do understand the orbitals and I've even written a function in java to simulate the probabilities of ONE of those diagrams, but I do not know my scale just yet, can anyone tell me the width of...
  32. F

    B The shell theorem and particles

    As two particles become closer to each other, the gravitational force (or electric force) approaches infinity. If this is the case, then how does the Shell theorem work? If two particles are extremely close together, there should be an extremely large force. If we then build a sphere around...
  33. F

    Find the volume using the shell method

    Homework Statement Use the shell method to find the volume of the solid generated by revolving the region bounded by the line y = x + 2 and the parabola y=x^2 about the x- axis. Homework Equations - The Attempt at a Solution 1) x = √ (y) 2) x= y -2 V = ∫ (2 π ) ( y ) ( √ (y) - y + 2 ) from 0...
  34. Likith D

    Electric field experienced by a uniformly charged spherical shell due to itself

    The electric field experienced by the points on the surface of the shell is put out as KQ/R^2 where Q is charge on shell and R is radius of shell... But the gaussian surface corresponding to the case intersects the sphere, which means there are non-infinitesimal charge quantity sitting on the...
  35. W

    Electrostatics: "Compressing" Charged Spherical Shell

    Homework Statement How much work is required to squeeze a uniformly charged spherical shell from a radius of ##r## to a radius of ##r−dr##, if (a) the total charge q is a constant, (b) the sphere is kept at a constant potential, e.g. grounded. (c) Are the answers the same or different...
  36. P

    Calculating the surface charge of a sphere and a conducting shell

    Homework Statement (Problem 2.38 From Griffth's Electrodynamics): A metal sphere of radius R, carrying charge q, is surrounded by a thick concentric metal shell (inner radius a, outer radius b). The shell carries no net charge. Find the surface charge density ##\sigma## at R, a, and b...
  37. R

    Electric field at the surface of a spherical shell?

    What is the value of electric field at the surface of a spherical shell?
  38. M

    I Examples of atoms that have more than 8 electrons in shell

    Hi So we are about to learn about the octet rule. However once you get to higher shells you can have more than eight in the "shells" or orbit? But i have not been able to find a good example of how that works or happens. Does it have a specific name? I assume we are talking about say several...
  39. M

    A Calculating Vibration Modes of a Cylinder (Drum Shell)?

    I am working on some acoustic synthesis models of real world instruments. The Bessel Function zeros give the vibration modes of a circular membrane, which can be used to model a drum head or even roughly a cymbal. However, much of a drum's sound (especially snare) comes from the "ring" of the...
  40. E

    Bash shell scripting and data science

    Hello, I've noticed that a number of employers ask for knowledge in Linux and shell scripting for data science positions. How does bash shell scripting help in the filed of data science, or in general why to learn it? Thanks
  41. Pushoam

    V(center) of charged metal sphere inside a grounded shell

    Homework Statement Homework EquationsThe Attempt at a Solution Potential at the center of conducting charged sphere surrounded by a grounded shell If I take another sphere of charge –q of radius a with uniform charge density, then the potential on the spherical region from the radius a to...
  42. Pushoam

    Ratio of K. E. of solid cylinder to shell

    Homework Statement Homework EquationsThe Attempt at a Solution total kinetic energy of a rigid body = rotational kinetic energy of the body around its center of mass + translational kinetic energy of center of mass For solid cylinder, total kinetic energy = ## \frac { [I = \frac 1 2...
  43. Andy Resnick

    Q: cantilevered cylindrical shell

    I'm trying to find a decent reference that discusses the (static) deformation of a cantilevered cylindrical shell under a transverse load- for example, how a horizontal cantilevered pipe will deform due to gravitational loading. Everything I can find either discusses axial loading or considers...
  44. A

    I Fluorescence from core shell quantum dots

    What is the reason for enhancement in the intensity of emission due to the introduction of a shell in quantum dots? I do understand the blue shift in quantum dots but how does a shell enhance it?
  45. Physics Dad

    Find the total electric charge in a spherical shell

    Homework Statement Find the total electric charge in a spherical shell between radii a and 3a when the charge density is: ρ(r)=D(4a-r) Where D is a constant and r is the modulus of the position vector r measured from the centre of the sphere Homework Equations Q=ρV Volume of a sphere =...
  46. L

    How to calculate the dipole moment of the spherical shell?

    Homework Statement A spherical shell of radius R has a surface charge distribution σ = k sinφ. Calculate the dipole moment of the spherical shell. Homework Equations P[/B]' = ∫r' σ(r') da' The Attempt at a Solution So I believe my dipole will be directed along the y axis, as the function...
  47. G

    Spherical conductor shell problem

    Homework Statement Consider a spherical conducting shell with inner radius R2 and outer radius R3, that has other spherical conductor inside it with radius R1 (this one is solid). Initially the 2 spheres are connected by a wire. We put a positive charge Q on the sphere and after some time we...
  48. D

    Magnitude of the Electric Field at the Following Distances

    Homework Statement The figure below shows a spherical shell with uniform volume charge density ρ = 1.87 nC/m3, inner radius a = 15.0 cm, and outer radius b = 2.60a. [Reference Picture] What is the magnitude of the electric field at the following radial distances? Homework Equations...
  49. T

    Electric field inside non-conducting spherical shell

    Homework Statement Figure 23-30 shows two nonconducting spherical shells fixed in place. Shell 1 has uniform surface charge density +6.0 µC/m2 on its outer surface and radius 3.0 cm. Shell 2 has uniform surface charge density -3.8 µC/m2 on its outer surface and radius 2.0 cm. The shell centers...
  50. J

    Understanding Two-Pass Shell and Tube Heat Exchangers

    Homework Statement 'A shell and tube exchanger is used to do heating, with single shell and 2 tube passes. There are 70 tubes each with an outside diameter of 25mm and length of each tube pass is 6m. ' I am wondering whether the 70 tubes are in between the 2 tube passes, or is it 1 tube pass...
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