What is Independent: Definition and 744 Discussions

The Independent is a British online newspaper that was established in 1986 as a national morning printed paper. Nicknamed the Indy, it began as a broadsheet and changed to tabloid format in 2003. The last printed edition was published on Saturday 26 March 2016, leaving only the online edition.It tends to take a pro-market stance on economic issues. The newspaper was controlled by Tony O'Reilly's Irish Independent News & Media from 1997 until it was sold to the Russian oligarch and former KGB Officer Alexander Lebedev in 2010. In 2017, a Saudi Arabian investor bought a 30% stake in it.In June 2015, the newspaper had an average daily circulation of just below 58,000, 85% down from its 1990 peak, while the Sunday edition had a circulation of just over 97,000. The daily edition was named National Newspaper of the Year at the 2004 British Press Awards. The website and mobile app have a combined monthly reach of 22,939,000.

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  1. W

    What are independent terms in Magnetic Tensor

    I am trying to understand the magnetic gradient tensor which has nine components. There are three magnetic field components, but there are also three baselines. These nine gradients are organised into a 3x3 matrix. I have read that only 5 of these terms are independent. What exactly does this...
  2. TheDemx27

    Independent Study Ideas: Physics and Programming

    I have the option for independent study at school, and I am open to any ideas for projects either pertaining to physics or programming. (I've thought about making a web bot.) Anything is helpful.
  3. V

    Linear independent and combination

    Homework Statement let r be an element of R ... 1.... 1 ......r^2.....3 + 2r u =( 1 )...v = ( 4 )...w = (1 )...b = ( 5 + 12r) ...0.....1......r^2 ...... 2r (sorry don't know how to type matrices) 1. For which values of r is the set {u, v, w} linearly independent? 2. For which...
  4. I

    Time independent wave function vs the initial wave function

    I thought there was a difference, but I'm being told now that the time independent wave function is the wave function at t=0
  5. M

    Show that the Change in Volume is Independent of the Path

    Homework Statement Homework Equations The Attempt at a Solution I understand what the question is asking. Both ways I should get the same answer. I'm having trouble figuring out the mathematics behind this question.
  6. evinda

    MHB The integral is independent from the road that unites A and B,there is a f...

    Hey! ;) I am looking at the proof of this theorem: "Let $F$ be a vector field with components $M,N$ and $P$,$F=Mi + Nj+Pk$,$M,N$ and $P$ continuous at a region $D$.Then a necessary and sufficient condition,so that the integral $\int_A^BFdR$ is independent from the road that unites $A$ and $B$ at...
  7. G

    Why transition rate independent of time in perturbation theory?

    After time t, the probability of monochromatic absorption of the ground state |1> to the energy state |n> is given by: |<n|1>|^2=4|U_{n1}|^2\frac{\sin^2((E_n-E_1-\hbar\omega)t/2\hbar)}{(E_n-E_1-\hbar\omega)^2} where U is the transition matrix. The claim is that as t goes to infinity, the...
  8. V

    Why are the columns of Q linearly independent?

    Why column 1 is M^2*v? How can we know? Please see attached. Many thanks.
  9. M

    Set of vectors, linearly dependent or independent?

    Homework Statement Check if the following set of vectors are linearly dependent or independent: A) V1= \stackrel{1}{1} V2= \stackrel{1}{3} B) V1= \stackrel{\stackrel{1}{2}}{3} V2= \stackrel{\stackrel{2}{1}}{3} C) V1= \stackrel{1}{3} V2= \stackrel{2}{1} V3= \stackrel{-1}{2} Homework...
  10. V

    Algebra: Show that v, ø(v), ø(v)^2 are independent

    Please see attached question. I can finish part (a) For part b, how can I find ø(v) ? Although I can find ø(v1) and ø(v2) but I think it is unrelated to ø(v)...
  11. V

    Show that v, ø(v), ø(v)^2 are independent

    Please see attached question. I can finish part (a) For part b, how can I find ø(v) ? Although I can find ø(v1) and ø(v2) but I think it is unrelated to ø(v)...
  12. M

    Independent Study: MIT OCW-Based Relativity/ Special Relativity

    Hi, I am a Junior in high school and if I can, I would like to do Independent Study next year based on either the OCW for http://ocw.mit.edu/courses/physics/8-20-introduction-to-special-relativity-january-iap-2005/ or 8.033 - Relativity. I wanted to know if they most likely would be possible for...
  13. F

    MHB Set of eigenvectors is linearly independent

    I know eigenvectors corresponding to different eigenvalues are linearly independent but what about a set ${e_{1},...,e_{n}}$ of eigenvectors corresponding to different eigenvalues?
  14. N

    Sum of independent exponential distributions with different parameters

    Homework Statement As the title indicates. I'm given two independent exponential distributions with means of 10 and 20. I need to calculate the probability that the sum of a point from each of the distributions is greater than 30. Homework Equations X is Exp(10) Y is Exp(20) f(x) =...
  15. N

    Expectation of ratio of 2 independent random variables ?

    Hi, i was wondering if the following is valid: E[x/y] = E[x] / E[y], given that {x,y} are non-negative and independent random variables and E[.] stands for the expectation operator. Thanks
  16. B

    Determining Which Variable Is Independent

    Hello, I have a question with regards to solving problems that require knowledge of which variable is dependent and which is independent. Suppose I am presented with the differential equation x^5 y^{(4)} - x^3 y'' + 6y = 0; for this differential equation I am asked to determine if it is linear...
  17. A

    Zin of a circuit with independent sources

    Hi, This is not a homework question. I need to calculate input impedance for a LNA and this is part of it. How do you calculate input impedance, Zin, for the circuit below? I tried by applying an input voltage, V1, and calculate Iin. Input impedance will be V1/Iin. However, the expression...
  18. P

    Sum of two independent uniform random variables

    Hi, http://www.dartmouth.edu/~chance/teaching_aids/books_articles/probability_book/Chapter7.pdf (see page 8, sum of two independent random variables). I don't understand why they had to go further into the limits, 1 < z < 2. Why do they have to do that? And also, where did they get it...
  19. F

    Time independent perturbation - potential with inner function

    Homework Statement I need to find the corrected ground state for perturbed harmonic oscillator (1D) with perturbation of the form V(x) = λ sin(κx), κ>0. My problem is I have no idea how to handle a potential that has its operator as an inner function. Homework Equations The perturbed...
  20. A

    Mean time between independent events

    Suppose I have two atoms that independently emit alpha particles. I want to find the mean \Delta T for the events. I then want to extend this for 3, 4 etc. atoms however what I'd like to do for more than 3 atoms is find the smallest delta T for any two emissions. What should I look at to...
  21. P

    Independent system displacement variables

    http://postimg.org/image/8jqk9q6rp/ Can someone explain what "independent system displacement variables" are? http://postimg.org/image/eypl6edhh/ What are the independent system displacement variables in this diagram? thanks
  22. FOIWATER

    Oddity in using maxwell's equations in time independent form

    I am solving a question that asks me to find an H field in phasor form from the given E field in phasor form Es = j30(beta)(I)(dl)sin(theta)e^(-j(beta)r) a(theta) V/m Given that the EM wave propagates in free space. Why do I get different answers if I : 1) Divide Es by the magnitude...
  23. P

    Proving linearly independent set

    1. Prove that if A is symmetric and B is skew-symmetric, then {A,B} is a linearly independent set. I am going to need some help to solve this. Not sure how to begin. Homework Equations The Attempt at a Solution
  24. S

    Which is the dependent and which is the independent?

    I am conducting a lab in my class and was wondering, which is the dependant and independent variable and also which one goes on the y or x axis. It is a net force vs acceleration. I am thinking that net force is the independent variable.
  25. S

    MHB Showing that two elements of a linearly independent Set Spans the same set

    Hi, i would like to have a hint for the following problem: Let $$v_1, v_2 \&\ v_3 $$ in a vector space V over a field F such that$$ v_1+v_2+v_3=0$$, Show that $\{v_1,v_2\}$ spans the same subspace as $\{v_2,v_3\}$ Thanks in advance
  26. O

    Graph Theory - Max. Independent set algorithm

    Graph Theory -- Max. Independent set algorithm Homework Statement Design a polynomial time greedy algorithm to compute a maximum independent set for a graph. Explain the algorithm and compute T_w(n). Homework Equations The Attempt at a Solution My terse and informal...
  27. M

    Forced Damped Oscillator frequency independent quantaties

    Homework Statement For the forced damped oscillator, show that the following are frequency independent. a) displacement amplitude at low frequencies. b) the velocity amplitude at velocity resonance. c) the acceleration amplitude at very high frequencies Homework Equations...
  28. J

    Invertible matrix implies linear independent columns

    Is the title statement true? Was doing some studying today and this caught my eye, haven't looked into linear algebra in quite a while so I'm not sure how it is true :/ Internet couldn't provide any decisive conclusions neither Many thanks
  29. M

    Partial derivative that contains the independent variable as an deriva

    Homework Statement \frac{\partial f}{\partial t},\frac{\partial f}{\partial x} where f=f(x,t,\frac{dx}{dt}) Homework Equations The Attempt at a Solution I think it's impossible to consider it as a simple partial derivative.
  30. M

    Using linear algebra to find a number of independent equations

    Hello, How am I to find then number of independent equations in a set using matrix techniques? Thanks
  31. M

    Sum of independent Random Variables

    Homework Statement Three yearly losses. First: Exponential Second & Third: Weibull Losses are independent. Find the 95% VaR of the min loss Homework Equations The Attempt at a Solution My first thought was: Let L be total loss, A be first Loss, B be second loss, C be third...
  32. FOIWATER

    Voltage gain independent of transistor?

    My professor asked me to provide a circuit design for a voltage divider biasing circuit whereby the transistor beta is independent of the voltage gain, which he wants to be -100. I maintain this is impossible, as Ic = B*Ib, changing the beta obviously effects the gain. Right? (not...
  33. Telemachus

    Time independent perturbation (Quantum Mechanics)

    Hi there. I have to find the energy corrections through the perturbation method, and then give the exact result for the hamiltonian: ##H= \begin{pmatrix} E_A & \epsilon & \epsilon & \epsilon \\ \epsilon & E_B & 0 & 0 \\ \epsilon & 0 & E_B & 0\\ \epsilon & 0 & 0 & E_B \\ \end{pmatrix} ## So...
  34. F

    Physics-based independent Study Ideas?

    Hello, I am currently in high school and I recently got the opportunity to do an independent study with one of my teachers and I am struggling to come up with what to study. I have taken calculus 1, 2, and 3, differential equations (with a bit of linear algebra), and calculus-based mechanics and...
  35. D

    Is an emission spectrum really independent of excitation wavelength?

    I've often read that the emission spectrum of a fluorescent molecule is independent of the wavelength used for the excitation. But what happens in the case of a small Stoke's shift where the excitation and emission wavelengths overlap? If I use a narrow band excitation with a wavelength in...
  36. C

    Why are those two events not independent?

    Provided I know that after 10 attempts I will get 8 successes with a probability of a success per try being 'p', does that affect the success of the first try? My first instinct was to say it's independent because each attempt is independent but now I know this is a special case where "I know...
  37. A

    Intersection of two independent events

    If A and B are two independent events then P(A intersection B) = P(A).P(B) I don't refute this but it confuses me. What is the sample space in this? For eg: - If A is the event that we get Head while tossing a coin and B is the event that we get 2 while throwing a die, then what will we be the...
  38. M

    Pulley system with one mass and apparently independent forces?

    So at my gym, there's a cable machine that works like this: You pull on one cable and you lift x mass using y force. You pull the other and find the same thing. If, however, you pull on both, you're still only lifting x mass (you can see the weights) yet somehow each cable is still requiring y...
  39. E

    Are random variables based on the same pmf or pdf always independent?

    Are they always independent from each other so that you can multiply their E[X] together to form another E[X] with the same distribution and pmf or pdf?
  40. U

    Prove mutually non-zero orthogonal vectors are linearly independent

    Homework Statement Let a1, a2, ... an be vectors in Rn and assume that they are mutually perpendicular and none of them equals 0. Prove that they are linearly independent. Homework Equations The Attempt at a Solution Consider βiai + βjaj ≠ 0 for all i, j => βiai + βjaj +...
  41. S

    MHB So the probability that at least one event occurs is 0.748.

    Two independent events have probabilities 0.1 and 0.3. What is the probability that at least one of the events occurs? I have an answer of .37, when I looked up the solution it is the same value but it was solved another way. I was just wondering if my logic would work. Find $P(a \cup b) =...
  42. O

    Does an explicit list of 20 independent compenents of Riemman exist?

    Hello all, I have been given a problem where I am asked to calculate "all" the components of the Riemann tensor in a gross non-diagonalized metric. I know there exists at most 20 independent components of Riemann, but I want to actually compose a list of these combinations. It is easy...
  43. A

    MHB Property of independent random variables

    hello! I'm trying to understand the following property: Let X and Y be independent random variables z: = X + Y. Then http://imageshack.us/a/img268/9228/71pe.png where fZ (z) is the probability mass function for a discrete random variable defined as follows...
  44. H

    Showing work is path independent

    1. The problem: A 5-kg block is moved from the ground to a height of 1 m via two different routes, vertically and along an inclined plane with angle of 30° to the horizontal. How much work is done on the block against gravity in each case? Homework Equations W=Fcosθd where θ is between...
  45. G

    Field and conjugate independent?

    I'm having trouble figuring out how a field and it's conjugate are independent quantities. How can they be, when they are related by conjugation? Suppose you have real fields x and y, and form fields: L=(x+iy)/sqrt2 R=(x-iy)/sqrt2 In a path integral, you'd have .5(∂x∂x+∂y∂y) in your...
  46. C

    Time independent wave function (prove theorem)

    Homework Statement Prove the following theorum: The time-independent wave function ## \psi (x) ## can always be taken to be real (unlike ##\Psi (x,t) ##, which is necessarily complex). This doesn't mean that every solution to the time independent Schrodinger equation is real; what it says is...
  47. S

    Is spacetime independent of its universe?

    Something is throwing me here. No matter how fast one is going, relatively speaking, one is in the same universe as everyone (and everything) else. We're all going through the same spacetime, albeit at different velocities. You're in the same universe as I am and we both see the same space...
  48. S

    Homework: Matrix is invertible when rows are linearly independent

    Hi there, I have a homework where I have to do this: Prove that square matrix is invertible if the columns of the matrix are linearly independent. There is also a hint: You can help with the following statement: Linear transformation L: U->V is bijection when a vector space basis N for U...
  49. C

    Finding values for a linearly independent subset

    Homework Statement There is a vector space with real entries of all 2x2 matrices. You have to find what values of \alpha\inℝ make the set Z = \{ \begin{pmatrix} 1 & 2\\ 1 & 0 \end{pmatrix}, \begin{pmatrix} 3 & 7\\ 0 & 0 \end{pmatrix}, \begin{pmatrix} 2 & 6\\ \alpha & 0...
  50. TheDemx27

    Independent Study High Energy - Particle Physics

    Hello! I, like many others, am interested in studying physics on my own as my school doesn't offer any kind of physics for ninth graders. (The tenth grade physics class isn't very in depth either; I took part of it in 8th grade). I have exhausted what Khan Academy has to offer, and I am...
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