What is Fluid: Definition and 1000 Discussions

FLUID (Fast Light User Interface Designer) is a graphical editor and GUI builder that is used to produce FLTK source code. FLUID edits and saves its state in text .fl files, which can be edited in a text editor for finer control over display and behavior.After designing the application, FLUID compiles the .fl file into a .cxx file, which defines all the objects from the .fl file, and an .h file, which declares all the global ones. FLUID also supports localization of label strings using message files and the GNU gettext or POSIX catgets interfaces.

A simple program can be made by putting all non-interface code (including a main function) into the .fl file, thus making the .cxx file a single source file to compile. Most programs are more complex than this, so other .cxx files can be written that call the FLUID functions. These .cxx files must #include the .h file, or they can #include the .cxx file so it still appears to be a single source file.
Normally the FLUID file defines one or more functions or classes, which output C++ code. Each function defines one or more FLTK windows, and all the widgets that go inside those windows.
Widgets created by FLUID are "named", "complex named", or "unnamed". A named widget has a legal C++ variable identifier as its name (i.e. only alphanumeric and underscore), and is defined by a global variable or class member that will point at the widget after the function defining it is called. A complex named object has punctuation such as '.' or '->' or any other symbols in its name. In this case, FLUID assigns a pointer to the widget to the name, but does not attempt to declare it. This can be used to get the widgets into structures. An unnamed widget has a blank name and no pointer is stored.
Widgets may either call a named callback function that one writes in another source file, or one can supply a small piece of C++ source and FLUID will write a private callback function into the .cxx file.

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  1. R

    CFD turbulent fluid, discussion about pressure gradient

    I simulated an incompressible turbulent flow across a tube. I managed to solve it using OpenFoam and the results seem to be right. However, I noted some vacuum pressure after the sudden expansion but can't figure out why the pressure decreases and then increases again. According to Bernoulli's...
  2. F

    I Diffusion and convection in a moving fluid

    In a fluid moving at constant velocity V, a concentration will undergo diffusion and convection $$U_t=\alpha^2 U_{xx}+VU_x$$ I understand that in this situation you can transform to a moving coordinate system and the convection term will disappear and you can solve for diffusion alone and...
  3. D

    Should I learn fluid mechanics or thermodynamics

    I am graduate student from structural mechanics of solids and need to learn 1 course from fluids and thermal group which includes fluid mechanics or thermodynamics+heat transfer. I am unsure which one would be better to learn, especially which would be helpful in future for solid mechanics. Can...
  4. T

    Other Looking for a Comprehensive Fluid Mechanics Textbook?

    Hi! I'm looking for a somehow "serious" textbook about fluidmechanics, something like the book by Kundu-Cohen...a book talking about it without by-passing the math involved (tensor analysis) like many books do! Thanks
  5. M

    A How to Solve Isothermal Incompressible Navier-Stokes for Compressible Fluid?

    I did a lot of googling but could not find a satisfying answer to my question, hence a post here. Question: How to solve (or close) the isothermal incompressible Navier-Stokes equations for an isothermal compressible fluid? Situation: We have a compressible fluid, for example a gas. The flow...
  6. sa1988

    Made a 2D fluid flow simulator

    I've made a fluid flow simulator, for anyone interested in fluid dynamics. The simulator models some basic flows which I learned on a 2nd year fluid dynamics course. It doesn't include viscosity, density or whatever else (hence for example the flow past a sphere in the simulator is a perfect...
  7. F

    Uniform flow vs non-uniform flow in fluid

    Homework Statement In the notes , it's stated in the first part for non-uniform flow that the gradient of $$S_0$$ , $$S_w$$ and $$i$$ are not the same , But , in the lower part , it's stated in the first part for non-uniform flow that the gradient of $$S_0$$ , $$S_w$$ and $$i$$ are the...
  8. jerry wickey

    How can Bernoulli's principle help explain pressure changes in fluid dynamics?

    Can someone smarter than I, please express p1 and p2 in terms of f, or v and r? The pump pushes out water at f rate which creates velocity v in the bigger pipe. When the water comes to the restriction velocity increases while flow rate is conserved. Bernouli tells us that the change in...
  9. Hepth

    Dynamics of pumping fluid into a cylinder with an air hole?

    I should be able to do this, but its been a while and maybe I'm making this more difficult that it should be. Assume you have a cylinder nearly sealed but with an outlet hole at the top. I want to pump a fluid into the canister, pushing the air out of the hole, and time how long it takes. The...
  10. H

    Fluid acceleration down inclined channel – unsteady?

    1. Can a fluid which is accelerating down an inclined channel with constant acceleration still satisfy the continuity equation for a constant-density fluid? Since the acceleration will be down the slope, in the streamwise direction, then surely ∇⋅U > 0? 2. Assuming that continuity is satisfied...
  11. ScottAllenRauch

    Fluid Flow Loss Analysis Using Real Gas Properties

    I am trying to model fluid flow and losses through a component (e.g., pipe) using REAL GAS properties since 1) I have access to RefProp from NIST, and 2) I am dealing with refrigerants, which are far from ideal. I have seen nowhere an analysis of fluid flow losses (e.g., drag, friction...
  12. oobgular

    Fluid Mechanics Question -- fluid on block?

    Homework Statement A block has dimensions 0.015 x 0.2 x 0.1 meters and weighs 6 Newtons. A 15mm-diameter jet of water is deflected by the block. Find the flow rate needed to tip the block. Homework Equations Mass conservation: ∂/∂t ∫(control volume)ρ d∀ + ∫(control surface) ρv•n dA = 0...
  13. E

    Fluid Mechanics Theoretical Pipe Diameter

    Homework Statement I need to find the pipe diameter or mean velocity. Q= 0.01m^3s Density= 960kg m^3 Viscosity = 0.081 Pa s Max Velocity = 1.8 m s Homework Equations Mean velocity= 4Q/pi.D^2 The Attempt at a Solution I have two unknowns in this equation so I'm unable to find D or Mean...
  14. Patrick Jago

    Where Does the Energy Go in an Electric High Pressure Water Motor or Pump?

    In an electrical high pressure water motor or pump what is the main cause of energy loss. Originally I was thinking along the lines of 1st heat/electrical losses in motor. 2nd Friction of the water in pipes. 3rd noise. But I'm torn between the first 2 ? Tho
  15. RMalt

    Manometer Reading using Fluid Dynamics

    Homework Statement so I have been working on this problem : Diameter1 at wide end: 8cm || V1 = 1.56m/s Diameter2 at narrow end: 3cm || V2 = 11.094m/s Force exerted on plate = 87N Find the manometer reading Picture below: Homework Equations P1+(1/2 ρv1^2)=P2+(1/2 ρv2^2) 1 − 2 = (2 −1)ℎThe...
  16. RMalt

    Evaluate Problems using fluid dynamics

    I have a diagram similar to the following. Water entering the larger end is at 20degreesC. The larger end has a diameter of 8cm and Area 50.26cm2. The small side has a diameter of 3cm and Area 7.0685cm2. The water jet exerts a force of 87N on a flat plate at an unknown distance. Assuming no...
  17. M

    Explanation for hydrodynamic problem

    Homework Statement See the photo of the problem in the attachment Homework Equations Bernoulli equation and continuity equation The Attempt at a Solution I don't know from where to begin , i only can get the velocity of fluid when it reaches the hole
  18. L

    Liquids: Pascal's Principle and fluid collisions

    Take a U-shaped piece of pipe, standing upwards. Fill the bottom part with liquid and leave the 'prongs' open. Now slam a parcel of liquid into one end at high speed. The other end will experience some momentum exchange and go pushed upwards. Now take the same test case and add some piping...
  19. S

    Acoustics and Fluid Flow - COMSOL 4.2

    Hello everyone, First of all I am new here~ Second, I would like to "prove" on COMSOL that soundwaves (sound vibration) can alter/reshape the fluid flow Can someone tell me the physics i should use as well as all the other parameters to make it work? if someone is more experience can they...
  20. B

    In Fluid Mechanics what is the difference between yc and hc?

    When solving for the hydrostatic force on a surface we use the height to the centroid(hc), then when using the point of application we use the y coordinate of the centroid(yc), however shouldn't they be the same since they both start from the top surface and reach down to the object surface on...
  21. A

    Understanding Rigid Column Theory in Fluid Mechanics

    Hello, please see attached text below - this concerns ''rigid column theory''. When a valve is closed, the pressure rises at the valve; the pressure rises above the reservoir pressure by ΔP with a height increase ΔH above H. When the valve is opened, this right hand pressure will disappear and...
  22. A

    How Do You Calculate Fluid Velocities in Diverging Pipes?

    Homework Statement Flow in a pipe splits into two parallel pipes. All three pipes have same length L, and same friction factor f. Diameter of first pipe is D. The two parallel pipes have diameter D and D/2. All three pipes are on same horizontal level. At the outlet of the two parallel pipes...
  23. R

    Equation Needed for Calculating Fluid Pressure In a Pipe

    A friend is planning to utilize a local stream to create electric power. The source of the stream is a small pond. He plans to have a 5 inch pipe start at/near the bottom of the pond and this pipe will follow the stream approximately 1056 feet to a culvert where he wants to put the generator...
  24. R

    Terminology, pressure of gas in fluid (quick question)

    Would it be correct to say the following... CO2 for example can change the surface tension of water from 72 mN m−1 to 57 mN m−1 as its pressure changes from 1 to 11 bar. I'm used to dealing with concentrations, in fact I would like to change bar to volume percent if anyone has a free moment...
  25. A

    Fluid mechanics: Rigid column theory

    Hello Please see attached page from a textbook. Can someone explain why H = 4f.le.vo^2/2d.g and why delta H is given by the expression in the book? Note that the figure it mentions is on the top of the page. I have tried for days here. Thanks
  26. R

    A Change in the height of a fluid vortex

    I'm currently struggling slightly with finding some information regarding a vortex. If I have a fluid in a cylindrical container and the fluid is then rotated at a constant speed, the vortex will displace the water and raise it relative to the initial level of the fluid. Is there any formula...
  27. V

    I Perpendicular loading exerted by a moving fluid to a solid

    Picture water flowing in a duct. In these kinds of scenarios, the loading exerted by the moving fluid to the solid in the perpendicular direction is often taken as being equal to the pressure of the fluid at the wall. I agree that the above assumption is true for a stationary fluid. For a...
  28. FQVBSina

    Finding mass of working fluid needed in a thermo cycle

    This question is related to a project. I have the mass flow rate, RPM, and all other related information regarding a refrigeration cycle, does anyone have an idea on how can I estimate the total amount of working fluid I need to put into the device? In case this comes up: the device is going...
  29. F

    Pressure in piezometers with ideal fluid

    Hello, I am trying to understand how to apply Bernoulli's equation (which is valid along a single streamline and in the case of zero viscosity) to the situation below. The ideal fluid moves at constant speed along the horizontal pipe. Because the fluid is ideal (zero viscosity), the ideal...
  30. farolero

    Is Jules Verne's space cannon posible with a breathable fluid?

    "Liquid immersion provides a way to reduce the physical stress of G forces. Forces applied to fluids are distributed as omnidirectional pressures. Because liquids cannot be practically compressed, they do not change density under high acceleration such as performed in aerial maneuvers or space...
  31. Narasoma

    I Quantizing Fluid Mechanics & Gravity: A Debate

    I ever read that there is no meaning for quantizing fluid mechanics. While left hand side of Einstein field equation used fluid-like approximation for matter (momentum-energy tensor). Therefore, if the first statement is correct then there is no meaning for quantizing gravity, right?
  32. J

    A Viscous fluid in granular material (DAPL)

    I saw the DAPL news story about the oil pipeline and I realized I have no idea how to analyze the problem of a fluid flowing from a boundary into granular material (or however you would classify soil). Does anyone know of any book or website that discuss the governing (or approximate) equations...
  33. pistolpete

    External Fluid Flow -- Immersed Body Friction Drag

    Hello all, I have browsed this forum occasionally when I had questions and threads showed up on a search. I have been stumped by a problem, so I decided to create an account and see if anyone could help me out! 1. Homework Statement A coal barge 1000 ft long and 100 ft wide is submerged in a...
  34. G

    Fluid Pressure & Force Calculus 2

    Homework Statement A marine biology observation pod is being designed. It will be submerged, with vertical windows of various sizes and shapes. Calculate the total force being exerted on each of the windows described below. Density of water is 1000 kg/m^3...
  35. harini07

    A problem about fluid mechanics

    1. The problem statement, all variables and given/known d At what speed, the velocity head of water is equal to pressure head of 40 cm of Hg? (1) 10.32 m/s (2) 2.8 m/s (3) 5.6 m/s Homework Equations v^2/2g = p/rho*g (velocity head= pressure head). The Attempt at a Solution since pressure head...
  36. bluejay27

    Increase Velocity of Fluid: Less Pressure?

    Why is there less pressure if the velocity of the fluid is increased?
  37. P

    Fluid Statics: Difference Between Force Formulas

    Homework Statement What is the difference between these two formulas Homework Equations 1.Force=rho*g*h*area 2. Force=rho*g*volume 3. Force=rho*height*Area Where rho= specific weight of fluid The Attempt at a Solution I am guessing that 2 is for sphere or cylinders and for 3 i think it is...
  38. P

    Fluid Statics: Calculate Moment on Rectangular Gate Hinged on Upper Edge

    Homework Statement The rectangular gate shown in section is 3 m long (perpendicular to the paper) and is hinged about its upper edge B. The gate divides a channel leading to a fresh-water lake on the left and a salt-water tidal basin on the right. Calculate the moment, M, on the shaft of the...
  39. qnach

    Optical counterpart of duckbill check valve in fluid dynamics

    In fluid dynamics there is a duckbill check valve to prevent the reverse flow. In EM wave an antenna emmits/receive at the same efficiency. Is there anyway one can make a check valve for antenna so that it emmits more than received or vice versa...or perhaps emitts without even receive?
  40. A

    Fluid Mechanics and Archimedes Principle

    Homework Statement [/B] A rectangular object has a width of 40 meters, height of 15 meters, and length of 2 meters. It floats consistently when 3 meters of its height is below the surface of the water. 1. Find the volume of the displaced water. 2. How much is the buoyant force on the object...
  41. M

    Force Produced from Fluid Motion

    Dear all, I have a question that has eluded explanation in fluid mechanics textbooks and even some of my colleagues. Suppose we have a general control volume. The application of linear momentum conservation will yield an equation of the form, $$\frac{\partial}{\partial t} \int_{V\llap{-}} \rho...
  42. F

    Calculate theoretical static pressure drop in moving fluid

    Hi folks, I have a pressure sensor working with arduino to measure depth. I want to calculate what I should see as a change in pressure if I move the tube horizontally under the surface of the water, keeping the tube opening parallel to the flow. I have calculated the dynamic pressure but...
  43. N

    What Is the Correct Ratio of Platform Sides to Lift a Car with a Boy's Weight?

    Homework Statement A 1,500-kg car stands on a square platform, and a 25-kg boy stands on another square platform. These platforms are the two caps of a large oil-filled container. What must the ratio of the platform sides (large/small) for the boy to gently lift the car? -less than 1.5...
  44. Minestra

    Pressure from a fluid on a solid piece of metal

    I'm curious if anyone knows of a good video of an extreme amount of pressure being applied to a sold amount of metal or other dense object. We're learning about fluids in my class, and naturally we discussed submarines, empty bottles, etc. but everything mentioned seemed to be hollow on the...
  45. phinds

    Fluid dynamics of a cocktail shaker

    My son today asked me for an analysis of a situation, which was described to him as being purely anecdotal but apparently a fairly widespread belief among bartenders, so possibly correct. The description is that if you take the two metal halves of a cocktail shaker, with a normal compliment of...
  46. S

    Understanding Fluid Flow in Physics Lab: Poiseuille Equation

    Hi everyone, I have to answer some question about a physics lab..here are the questions A tank is empty by a pipe and we measure the height (y-y0) of fluid in the tank as a function of time. We obtain this graph ( I join the graph) We can find the relaxation time with the relation : with...
  47. C

    Fluid mechanics : Two dimensional converging flow

    So, here's the problem I've come up with that I wanted to solve. We're going to be using a polar coordinate system for this one. A will represent our angle theta, and r will represent our radial coordinate. We are going to be looking at a non-compressible Newtonian viscous fluids. I'll now put...
  48. R

    Fluid dynamics: half submerged straw opening

    Homework Statement This is not a set question but a problem statement for an investigation. I am trying to understand the physics behind drinking through a straw, but not when the straw is fully submerged in the drink but at the end of the drink when the liquid and air both pass up the straw...
  49. jdawg

    Fluid Mechanics: 2D Laminar Flow

    Homework Statement A reasonable approximation for the two-dimensional incompressible laminar boundary layer on the flat surface in Fig. P4.17 is u ≈ U(2*(y/δ) - 6*(y3/δ4) + y4/δ4) δ = Cx1/2 where C is a constant y ≤ δ Homework EquationsThe Attempt at a Solution Incompressible so...
  50. M

    A Fluid Boundary Layer Mathy Question

    Hi PF! So after scaling Navier-Stokes for a flow over a flat plate we ultimately arrive at ##f f'' + f''' = 0## subject to ##f(0)=0##, ##f'(0)=0##, and ##f'(\infty) = 1## where independent variable is ##\eta##. The source I was reading is trying to reduce this BVP to an IVP. Thus they suggest...
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