A circuit breaker is an automatically operated electrical switch designed to protect an electrical circuit from damage caused by excess current from an overload or short circuit. Its basic function is to interrupt current flow after a fault is detected. Unlike a fuse, which operates once and then must be replaced, a circuit breaker can be reset (either manually or automatically) to resume normal operation.
Circuit breakers are made in varying sizes, from small devices that protect low-current circuits or individual household appliance, up to large switchgear designed to protect high voltage circuits feeding an entire city. The generic function of a circuit breaker, or fuse, as an automatic means of removing power from a faulty system is often abbreviated as OCPD (Over Current Protection Device).
The gains of an OP-AMP are listed below:
G_d = (R_1*R_4+R_2*R_3+2*R_2*R_4)/(2*R_1*(R_3+R_4))
G_s = (R_1*R_4-R_2*R_3)/(R_1*(R_3+R_4))
\frac {\partial G_d} {\partial R_1} = -R_2*(R_3+2*R_4)/(2*R_1^2*(R_3+R_4))
My questions is...
Is there a mathematical perform the following:
Differential gain...
Homework Statement
I'm reading the textbook section covering damped series RLC circuits (provided below). I'm wondering why the author stipulates "When R is small..."
Homework Equations
Given above.
The Attempt at a Solution
Given above.
Any gentle and courteous comments are welcome!
Homework Statement
In an electric circuit, consisting of copper wires with cross section area of Sc=5mm2 and a temperature of t=25C, a lead fuse is added melting when the copper wire temperature increases by Δt=25C. Find the cross section area of the lead fuse wire Sl=x.
specific heat...
Homework Statement
C1=C2=C3=C
No internal resistance.
We wait for a while and the put a dielectric material in C3. Then after waiting again we remove the voltage source and after that we take this material out. How will the voltages on the capacitor be affected?
Homework Equations
CV=Q
The...
Homework Statement
What is the combined resistance when the switch is closed?
Homework Equations
IR=V
The Attempt at a Solution
I found that I1=5.2A and that I2=9.1A. The answers follow suit.
Now I thought that calculating the combined resistance with 60/(I1+I2) would be correct, however the...
Homework Statement
a) the equivalent single Δ-connected load
I have uploaded circuit
Homework Equations
none yet
The Attempt at a Solution
I am not sure if the question is asking me to find the resistance of both delta and y connected loads then work out them both in parallel. After I have...
So for inductance of transmission line book says formula
H = 2 * 10 -7 Loge { [Ds]/[Dm] }
I'm struggling to understand self and mutual geometric mean distance.
Here is one solved example
and for this they've drawn
And they say that let a a' form one connection and let b b' form other...
I have this simple circuit
I know that if a consider the wire from the + of the battery until the + extreme of the resistor, in this portion the wire has the same potential. The same thing regarding the portion of the wire beetween the - of the battery until the - of the resistor.
If this...
Homework Statement
Homework EquationsThe Attempt at a Solution
LCR circuit, calculating R when frequency width is given
Applying Kirchoff Voltage Loop Law,
## V_A – V_B + V_B - V_C + V_C – V_A = 0 ## ...(2)
## V_A – V_B ## is potential drop across inductor. Since current is flowing...
Homework Statement
All resistors are ## R = 10 \Omega##
Homework Equations
Calculate the total Resistance
The Attempt at a Solution
all resistors are parallel, so
$$ \dfrac{1}{R_{AB}} = \dfrac{1}{R} + \dfrac{1}{R} + \dfrac{1}{R} + \dfrac{1}{R} + \dfrac{1}{R} + \dfrac{1}{R} $$
## R_{AB} =...
Homework Statement
A current at point A of 2A flows through a resistor (3 ohms), a battery of 20V (negative terminal first), another resistor (1 ohm) and a battery of 6V (positive terminal first). What is the potential difference between A and B
Homework EquationsThe Attempt at a Solution
I...
When we turn the circuit off . There will be an induced emf through the coil due to the changing magnetic field of the AC . Therefore V=-L . DI/Dt
So when the current is zero then the emf has a maximum value . And what about the emf of the source itself ? It's equal to the induced emf? If It...
Homework Statement
More than one options may be correct .
Homework Equations
Inductive reactance =ωL
Capacitive reactance = 1/ωC
The Attempt at a Solution
On increasing the frequency , inductive reactance increases whereas capacitive reactance decreases . Thus , option a) is correct ...
Homework Statement
Homework Equations
I know for RL circuit T = L/R
For RC circuit it is RC
But how to go ahead for RLC circuit.The Attempt at a Solution
I calculated for RL as 1/4 = 0.25
And RC as 1
Then I added both time constant and got 1.25
Book answer is 0.5. How to solve this?
In...
Homework Statement
Determine the Thevenin equivalent of the following circuit:
https://imgur.com/a/74UjA (Top image)
Homework Equations
-
The Attempt at a Solution
The last 3 images in the Imgur album are all different approaches.
I can't figure out what the right one is, and why the other...
Homework Statement
This circuit is given:[/B]
What are the values of ε1 and ε3?
Homework Equations
IR=V
The Attempt at a Solution
I get the right answer for ε1 (3V).
But I get that ε3=12V and not 15 (the answer in the textbook).
First the charge from a to b is 3A.
Then I simply use...
Homework Statement
Homework Equations
I = VR
Series = current the same, voltage different
Parallel = current different, voltage the sameThe Attempt at a Solution
Is the 1 ohm and 15 ohm parallel? I'm still learning to differentiate it.
If yes, then R = 15/16 ohm
Is the R series to 5ohm? If...
Homework Statement
I have a circuit which I have a current through labelled I on circuit. I have -9.18 +j17.31. we agreed this was correct. I have a node analysis problem but cannot find the correct answer. I feel my method and my maths may be off but would like some advice if possible...
Hi Everybody,
First post on the forum, this one's stumped me I'm afraid. I'm basically trying to model a rotary connection in an AC circuit, and I'm having a bit of trouble with it. Ideally I'd like a reasonable approximation with conventional circuit elements.
Basically I've got a...
Homework Statement
[/B]
I'm going exercises and I understand that if the circuit is short circuited that R=10 ohm is 0. (Trying to find Thevelin R in all of these btw)
But then I ran across this one where when it's short circuited, isc is found using the current divider principle and it's...
I bolded the portions I need help with.
1. Homework Statement
A series circuit consists of a resistor with a resistance of 16 ohms, an inductor with inductance of 2 H, and a capacitor with a capacitance of 0.02 F.
At time t = 0 there is no charge on the capacitor and no current in the circuit...
Homework Statement
Homework Equations
V = I.R
The Attempt at a Solution
6 ohm and 3 ohm are series = b
Then b pararel to 9ohm = c = total resistance
b = 9ohm
c = 9/2 ohm
I = V/R
I = 9.6/c
I = 2,13 A
Can you help me?
Is it right? My friend's answer is 0,8
Hi all, In one of my problems there is a question with a plot of the transfer function magnitude versus frequency. In the graph I notice that the magnitude of the transfer function is greater than 1. This is confusing as I thought that filters are not able to increase the magnitude of the output...
Homework Statement
Homework Equations
Parallel circuit
The Attempt at a Solution
How can we see 2k//4k (parallel)? There are 2*2k & 2*4k. thanks.
(Though I can obtain the same answer by KVL)
Homework Statement
Hi i got a problem in lc circuit, I need to find the hamiltonian to this circuit , I think that I did well but I am not sure, the problem and my attempt in the following file.
Homework EquationsThe Attempt at a Solution
Homework Statement
[/B]
It is required to find the current through the ammeter, marked A, in the above figure.Homework Equations
##V=iR##The Attempt at a Solution
I've redrawn the circuit as follows -
But don't know how to obtain the value ##i_3##
Homework Statement
Find potential difference across AB
Homework EquationsThe Attempt at a Solution
I have posted a picture of my figure, I have 3-i1=v=2-i2=1-i3 and i1+i2+i3= io on solving I got 6-io=3v and then I found resistance equal to 1/3 ohm. So after solving I got v= 1 volt, but it's wrong
Homework Statement
Find potential difference between a and b in the figure
Homework Equations
Q=cv
The Attempt at a Solution can anybody tell me how to apply the equation in this problem with more than one cell
[/B]
Homework Statement
I have tried to answer the superposition question in the included file. I have gone through the workings as the same as in my john bird electrical book. I believe I have done nothing wrong in my approach and should be getting the same answer as my thevenins answer. the...
I have a digital circuit , to find the energy consumed by the circuit, I am monitoring the current drawn from the supply and integrating it to get the charge pumped into the circuit ... and the total charge*V supposed to give me total energy consumed by the circuit.
But I am getting a small...
Hi,
I'm struggling with source-free RL Circuit derivation.
In the books in the right side diagram they've reversed polarity of inductor to get equation:
V(r) = - V(L)
But why?
I checked google and everywhere they had put inductor with positive sign upwards.
Here is what I think--
In left...
Homework Statement
After a switch is left for a for many time constants, it is switched to b. find an expression for the total charge that passes through the resistor in one time constant
Homework Equations
dq/dt = I(t)
I(t) = (ε/R)(e^(-tR/l))
The Attempt at a Solution
so dq = I(t) dt
I know...
Homework Statement
Find io for t≥0.
Express your answer in terms of t, where t is in milliseconds.
There is no energy stored in the circuit in (Figure 1) when the switch is closed at t = 0.
Homework Equations
##x(t)=x_f+[B_1cos(ω_dt)+B_2sin(ω_dt)]e^{-αt}##
The Attempt at a Solution
Let...
Homework Statement
With just about any problem asking for "rate at which source is delivering electrical energy to the circuit" or "find the power of the circuit" in a LRC circuit, I get that you have to calculate for the average power. But the multiple equations confuse me - sometimes in...
Hi. I am having some trouble understanding what is the voltage drop in a system with resistors in series.
If there is a difference of electric potential between two points in space, since electric potential is electric potential energy per charge, there is a difference in the electric...
Homework Statement
Find ##i(0^+) ## and ##i(t), t≥0^+##
Homework EquationsThe Attempt at a Solution
[/B]
I'm having trouble finding the current through this capacitor. I tried using a KVL loop for ##t=0^+##, but I'm doing it incorrectly or something.
Earlier in the problem I found...
Homework Statement
Homework EquationsThe Attempt at a Solution
I'm kind of lost now, how do I go about getting this into the right form for partial fraction exapnsion. And also what do I do with the V(0'). There was no information given about it.
i've built a bridge rectifier with a Zener Voltage regulator.
12V peak secondary
3300uF Capacitor
1k ohm load
1k ohm series resistor for the zener
and a 1n4728A Zener diode.
i'm getting a 2.8V steady voltage, but when i measured the current going through the load with my DMM it's measuring...
Homework Statement
So here is a circuit question that I couldn't solve
Homework Equations
V=IR
The Attempt at a Solution
So I assumed that since the ammeter gives no reading it should lead to no potential difference in between those two points, then I'm completely stuck. Please help, the...
I am retired from a major railroad co. where I worked on electronic weighing equipment. I have an associate of applied science degree from a local university. I have a basic understanding of dc and ac electricity but the explanation I recently read on this forum was the easiest to understand...
Homework Statement
In the circuit shown in (Figure 1) , the switch makes contact with position b just before breaking contact with position a. As already mentioned, this is known as a make-before-break switch and is designed so that the switch does not interrupt the current in an inductive...
Consider a parallel plate capacitor formed by two plates of length ##L## and width ##d##, separated by a distance ##e##. There is a vacuum in between the plates. Let's note the capacitance of this arrangement ##C_0##.
I insert a conducting plate of length ##l=L/2##, with ##D##, and thickness...
Homework Statement
Homework Equations
at point C:
i2 - i3 - i4
i2 = i3 + i4[/B]
The Attempt at a Solution
I labeled all the currents going through each resistor in the picture[/B]
for loop ABC:
2000i1 = 3000i2 + 4000i3
for loop BDC:
3000i5 = 2000i4 + 4000i3
at point C:
i2 - i3 - i4
i2...
Homework Statement
1. In Figure A-1 of Experiment 18, assume that Vdc = 8Volts, R1 = 1kOhms, R3 = 7kOhms and there is no R2 resistor. Determine the current in R1 when the transistor is fully on and carrying current. Express your answer in mA.
2. In the circuit of Figure A-1, Experiment 18...
Homework Statement
a. express the equation of motion
b derive impedance at the resonant frequency (ω=ωo)
c derive impedance at very high frequencies (ω>>ωo and ω>>R/L)
Homework Equations
Vo=ψ+(R/L)ψ+(1/LC)ψ
Z=(1/iω)K(ω)
K=1/((s-mω2)+ibω)
The Attempt at a Solution
Part a was simple, that was...
Homework Statement
Homework EquationsThe Attempt at a Solution
My values for i1,i2,and i3 were: -.005179,-.002857 and .004857. When I ran the same circuit through LT Spice the values they gave me were .00059081,.000809628, and .00119037. Where did I make my error?
* as a side not I...
Hey guys, so I'm having trouble with this circuit analysis question. I need to find voltage across the capacitor as a function of time. I nearly finished analyzing but I'm having trouble solving for the initial value constants in the voltage equation. So first I used KCL to create the equation...