Pressure (symbol: p or P) is the force applied perpendicular to the surface of an object per unit area over which that force is distributed. Gauge pressure (also spelled gage pressure) is the pressure relative to the ambient pressure.
Various units are used to express pressure. Some of these derive from a unit of force divided by a unit of area; the SI unit of pressure, the pascal (Pa), for example, is one newton per square metre (N/m2); similarly, the pound-force per square inch (psi) is the traditional unit of pressure in the imperial and U.S. customary systems. Pressure may also be expressed in terms of standard atmospheric pressure; the atmosphere (atm) is equal to this pressure, and the torr is defined as 1⁄760 of this. Manometric units such as the centimetre of water, millimetre of mercury, and inch of mercury are used to express pressures in terms of the height of column of a particular fluid in a manometer.
I came across some articles about the health hazard from broken mercury-based sphygmomanometers. This led me to think about vapor leakage from good devices during normal operation.
The top of the glass tube is at ambient atmospheric pressure. There is supposed to be a membrane at the top that...
I am trying to wrap my head around the concepts in fusion. They talk about ion density, but I don't ever see that expressed in pascals, for instance. Why is that? I understand that confinment time is also important for successful fusion and that they go hand in hand, but I'm not concerned about...
I am making this (hopefully in the correct forum) because I started debating propulsion about objects and the like. The main two questions I want to have answered if at all possible are as follows:
How much pressure would be needed to send a person flying?
How much pressure is needed to...
After doing what the instruction did, I noticed that the card stuck to the spool, and generated the hypothesis that it was the same effect as when putting two papers together and blowing through them, the lower pressure of the faster speed of the wind makes the higher pressure outside move the...
Hi all, I'm new on here and will start off with what I think is a simple clarification. I'm questioning my workings due to previous work being completed by another engineer and thought this was the best place to ask.
Essentially we have compressed air being supplied through a hose, the hose...
First off I am not sure if the equation is even suitable for solving this problem. Secondly, I have no idea how to determine the tension the shrink film can provide. Furthermore, I also think the radius of the film tube has a influence on the pressure, I guess in this problem the tube is...
Hi, just reviewing some thermodynamics from the textbook by Sears and Salinger, having a hard time conceptualizing this one. It's an isothermal change in pressure, so the volumes of the mercury and the air both change to reach equilibrium, but if it's a "good vacuum pump", then won't the right...
Just curious if anyone out there is using the old low pressure sodium vapor lamps for spectral calibration and diffraction work. I was surprised that I do not see any bench ready laboratory lamps from the usual vendors. I understand that the last manufacturer of the low pressure bulbs, Philips...
Lets say we got a larger cylinder-piston combo and a smaller one.
First we move the larger cylinder, filling in with vacuum. Then we pump in air, using the smaller cylinder, isothermally, with variable expansion ratio.
Here, we clearly have exp ratio > P_atm/P_final
We then compress the larger...
My answer : Both pressures are equal, i.e. ##\boxed{P_A = P_B}##.
Reason : (1) The block of wood displaces an amount (mass) of liquid equal to its weight (archimedes' principle for floating bodies, or law of floatation). Hence we can imagine removing the block in the second case and filling it...
If ##N## is constant (per the partial derivatives definitions/ the subscripts after the derivatives) then ##G## is constant
##H - TS = constant##
Taking the derivative of both sides with respect to ##T## while holding ##N,P## constant we get the following with the use of the product rule...
Does anyone have internal schematics (or illustration) how this thing work inside? Like how water flow can activate the conduction to the two wires connected?
https://www.amazon.com/dp/B01MU3KQCD/?tag=pfamazon01-20
I assumed a uniform distribution of charge within the droplet such that ##E = \frac{q}{4\pi\epsilon_{0}r^{2}}## at the outside surface. I then said that the pressure acting at the surface would be the force on a charge element ##dq## within an area ##dA## on the surface, divided by the area...
Assuming water to flow out of the pipe with the same speed as inside and the thickness of water column ##h_{ab} = h_{cd} = h##, my answer would be ##\mathbf{(P_b = P_c) > (P_a = P_d)}##.
My reasoning is as follows : at positions ##a\; \text{and}\; d## the gauge pressure is 0 and the total...
Say there's 2 grams of gasoline (vapor) (E85) and sufficient air, how can you calculate the force/pressure of the explosion when this mixture is ignited?
The pressure of the mixture before ignition is 400 pascal. The calorific value of the fuel is 45 MJ/kg. The volume in which the explosion...
(a) Situation (2) is my answer (which cannot be in static equilibrium). The pressures in the lower dashed line (##P_2##) has to be the same on either side (for equilibrium). That means the pressure due to the red liquid is equal to the pressure due to the same length of air column (length)...
There is this one problem from past exam papers which I cannot seem to do:
The air in a kitchen has pressure 1.0 x 10^5 Pa and temperature 22'C. A refrigerator of internal volume 0.36 m^3 is installed in the kitchen.
(a) With the door open the air in the refrigerator is initially at the same...
Hey all,
I've got a container that needs to maintain a certain amount of air pressure for the contents inside to develop correctly. However, it is an open container (like a big box with a hole in it), so without a pump constantly pushing air into it, it will rapidly drop pressure to equalize...
I am wondering about the impact of the hydro static pressure of a fluid on its boiling point.
The simplest real world example scenario I can think of is the rate/onset of cavitation at a large depth vs a shallow depth.
As we increase the submarine propellor speed to a speed where the adjacent...
The JetLev water pack puts out about 60 psi but can lift a 400 pound weight 30 feet in the air.
A lot of water can be provided by just those water jet pack units, 1,000 gallons per minute, providing 400 pounds of force, all of that powered by a 200 hp pump that trails behind remaining in the...
Hi there,
I have a few interesting problems that I have been exploring for a while now, but i quickly get beyond my level of knowledge of physics, so wondered if members of this Forum may be able to assist. One of the projects that we have been trying to solve is how to maintain a decent quality...
Without calculating the friction, if the force of gravity on the piston, the initial force F on the piston S is what?
1. F=-ρgSH;
2. F=-(1/2)ρgSH;
3. F=0;
4. Other.
I'm not sure which is the correct result, can someone help me analyze it again?
Good day everyone, Hope all is well.
Bare with me as I am beginner in the field of understanding air pressure. But could really use help with a certain phenomena that I have been observing with an experiment I have had success with. I am then attempting to build an apparatus that mimics its...
How would I tackle a problem like this?
I made a start by writing down the ideal gas equation and then done some manipulation on both sides to get the density expression of the ideal gas.
I'm not sure if this is what the question wants as I'm dealing with 2 different types of gases in the same...
Summary:: Calculating the Pressure at a Reservoir
Hello all
I am struggling to calculate the pressure at a given point, i am getting all sort of strange answers and i was hoping someone could help.
The question is as follows:-
From this i have tried to draw a sketch of the problem (not...
Hello all
I was hoping i could pick someones brain regarding Pressure Energy.
I was given the following piece of information that describes the Pressure Energy equation:-
However i am not certain what each term means?
Would it be correct to state:-
Pressure Energy = Fluid Density * Area *...
While studying about the effects of surface tension i came across the excess pressure inside a liquid drop.
Here they considered a hemisphere ABCDE from the drop and listed out the conditions for it to be in equilibrium.
The forces acting on them are taken as
F1= 2πRS
F2= P1×(Projection...
Hello to all,
Does radiation pressure depends on the wave phase of the electromagnetic wave hitting a surface?
Or, can the radiation pressure be modeled as a sin/cos wave function, where force due to radiation pressure F = P/c would be the average over one cycle?
(P = power, c = light speed...
Hello all
I was wondering someone could help clear up my understanding about the difference between Absolute and Gauge Pressure.
After some reading i have been told that the Absolute Pressure is pressure taken at 0 relative to a vacuum.
I am trying to understand what this actually means...
The tube I'm using is 6" long, 6" diameter and .5" wall thickness and made of 6061 aluminum. The bottom is a 6" diameter, 3/8" thick MIC6 Cast Aluminum Disc. The top I TRIED is a 6" diameter, 1/2" thick clear polycarbonate disc. Both top and bottom are bolted on with a 1/16" buna-n o-ring and...
Hello all
I was hoping someone could help with understanding how fluids level out under atmospheric pressure. For example:-
Below is a picture of a tank of water with a closed door at the bottom, the door leads to an inclined pipe that is closed off at the end there is another pipe connected...
Since the assignment asks the work done by the gas, that should be equal to P1*(V2-V1) aka the area under the P1 line. Do I have to subtract the work done to the system or is this the solution already? If so, why do I need P2?
P1 = 2 bar V1 = 5.1L P2= 1bar
V2 = V1P1/P2 = 10,2L, so the volume of gas would double?
or should the absolute pressure be taken into account
P1= 2bar (3bar absolute), V1=5.1L P2= 1 bar
V2 = 15,3L?
Hello!
I have a volume of 50 liters which I pressurize with air so that I read 1 bar on the manometer.
But there is a leakage in the volume so after 30 sec the manometer shows 0,5 bar.
What is then the air flow ( liter / min) of the leakage?
I've learned that ##W = -\int{P_{ext} dV}##, and only during a reversible/quasi-static process where ##P_{int} = P_{ext}## can we write the work done on the gas in terms of the internal pressure (and consequently use ##PV=nRT## etc. which apply to the internal gas).
However, a lot of sources...
I thought to myself , have there any been any physical attempts or calculations in theory about the possibility of creating a net electrical gain of energy from a pulsed fusion approach where a high pressure/density gas mixture is prepared constantly within a container and a high current pulse...
Hello all
I am trying to understand the pressure equation.
I have the following question:-
I understand this, to me what this says to me is the total force acting on the wall as a result of the water of 12m is 706320 Pascals.This is where I get a little confused, I have the following...
∇p=j×B (eq. 1)
K=nI
BSolenoid=μnI⇒μK (eq. 2)
∇p=-2p0r/(a2) (eq. 3)
Combining these three equations:
j=-2p0r/(a2μK) (θ hat direction)
Feel like this is too simple and might be missing a step any help would be much appreciated!
Hello,
Human breath the following way: air at ambient pressure is pushed into the lungs during the inhaling phase because the air pressure inside the lungs is lower than ambient pressure: ##p_{inside}<p_{outside}##. During the exhaling phase, the air pressure inside the lungs becomes instead...
n = 11000 because n = N/V and V = 1m^3.
Using P = nRT/V I get that P = 7.32x10^6 Pa.
considering that the gas is in a high vacuum, this value seems far too high to be true.
Please help?
Question 1
Consider a sample at a height ##ℎ## below the interface of air and the fluid. The pressure on the sample is given by ##𝑃_𝑎=𝑃_{𝑎𝑡𝑚}+𝜌𝑔ℎ##.
My question is does 𝑃𝑎 include the pressure due to the particles that are to the side of the sample?
Question 2
Now consider this setup.
In this...
Radiation pressure that light provides is weak.
The photon rocket only gives thrust on par with rockets if you are willing to exhaust way more energy than normally used for rocketry (antimatter/matter annihilation). By that time your exhaust beam will be loaded with enough photons to nuke...
Hello,
I am still perplexed on why the pressure term ##p## in Bernoulli and Euler equations is called "static", even if the fluid is flowing (moving). Are there historical or other specific reasons?
In hydrostastics, the pressure at a certain depth is called hydrostatic which makes sense since...
Homework Statement: How much pressure is applied to the ground by a 52 kg man who is standing on square stilts that measure 0.06 m on each edge?
Homework Equations: p=(F/A)
P = (F/A)
= (52*9.81)/(.06^2)
= 207100