Why is the short exact sequence of abelian groups not split exact?

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In summary, the short exact sequence of abelian groups is not split exact because of the lack of unique inverse elements in abelian groups. An example of a non-split exact sequence is {0} → ℤ → ℤ/2ℤ → {0}. This non-split exactness can affect the homology of the sequence by producing non-trivial and non-abelian homology groups. However, there are other types of sequences that can be split exact, such as those involving modules, vector spaces, and topological spaces. The short exact sequence of abelian groups has various applications in mathematics, including algebraic topology, homological algebra, algebraic number theory, cryptography, and coding theory.
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Euge
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Here's this week's problem!

_____________

Problem. Show that the short exact sequence of abelian groups

\(\displaystyle 0 \rightarrow \bigoplus_p \Bbb Z/(p) \rightarrow \prod_p \Bbb Z/(p) \rightarrow \frac{\prod_p \Bbb Z/(p)}{\bigoplus_p \Bbb Z /(p)} \rightarrow 0\)

is not split exact. (The sums and products are extended over all prime numbers $p$.)
_____________Remember to read the http://www.mathhelpboards.com/showthread.php?772-Problem-of-the-Week-%28POTW%29-Procedure-and-Guidelines to find out how to http://www.mathhelpboards.com/forms.php?do=form&fid=2!
 
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  • #2
No one answered this week's problem. Here is my solution.

Let

\(\displaystyle A = \bigoplus_p \Bbb Z/(p) \quad \text{and} \quad B = \prod_p \Bbb Z/(p).\)

It is enough to show that there is no isomorphism from $A \oplus B/A$ onto $B$. Suppose to the contrary that there is such an isomorphism, call it $f$. Then the composition $B/A \xrightarrow{\iota} A \oplus B/A \xrightarrow{f} B$ is zero, which contradicts the fact that $f$ is one-to-one.
 
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Related to Why is the short exact sequence of abelian groups not split exact?

1. Why is the short exact sequence of abelian groups not split exact?

The short exact sequence of abelian groups is not split exact because abelian groups do not always have a unique inverse element. This means that there may not be a direct counterpart for every element in the sequence, making it impossible to split the sequence into subgroups.

2. Can you provide an example of a short exact sequence of abelian groups that is not split exact?

An example of a short exact sequence of abelian groups that is not split exact is the sequence {0} → ℤ → ℤ/2ℤ → {0}, where ℤ is the group of integers and ℤ/2ℤ is the group of integers modulo 2. This sequence is not split exact because there is no subgroup of ℤ/2ℤ that maps back to ℤ.

3. How does non-split exactness affect the homology of the sequence?

Non-split exactness can affect the homology of the sequence in two ways. First, it can result in non-trivial homology groups, meaning that there are elements in the sequence that cannot be mapped back to the original groups. Second, it can cause the homology groups to be non-abelian, meaning that the group operation may not be commutative.

4. Are there any other types of sequences that can be split exact?

Yes, there are other types of sequences that can be split exact, including short exact sequences of modules, vector spaces, and topological spaces. These sequences have unique inverse elements, making it possible to split the sequence into subgroups.

5. What are some applications of the short exact sequence of abelian groups in mathematics?

The short exact sequence of abelian groups is commonly used in algebraic topology and homological algebra to study the properties of groups and their subgroups. It is also used in algebraic number theory to study the structure of number fields and their ring of integers. Additionally, it has applications in cryptography and coding theory, where it is used to construct error-correcting codes.

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