What are the properties of normal subgroups in groups of prime order?

In summary, the conversation discusses two homework problems involving groups and their subgroups. The first problem asks to show that a subgroup of order p in a group of order p^2 is normal, and that this implies the group must be abelian. The second problem asks to prove that if a group has exactly one subgroup of order k, then that subgroup must be normal in the group. The participants mention using Lagrange's theorem and isomorphism theorems in their attempts at a solution, and one suggests using the class equation to show that the group has a nontrivial center.
  • #1
losiu99
133
0
Hi, I've been vanquished by probably easy problems once again.

Homework Statement


1. Let G be a group of order p^2 (p prime number), and H its subgroup of order p. Show that H is normal. Prove G must be abelian.

2. If a group G has exactly one subgroup H of order k, prove H is normal in G.


Homework Equations


Lagrange theorem I think. Isomorphism theorems maybe?


The Attempt at a Solution


1. Obviously H is cyclic. If H is not normal, G cannot be abelian, hence all the elements are of order p, except for the neutral one. G is therefore divided into p+1 cyclic, disjoint (except for e) subgroups of order p. So far I haven't succeeded deriving a contradiction.

2. Normalizer is either H or the whole group. Perhaps some property of self-normalizing groups yields a contradiction?

Thank you very much for any hints.
 
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  • #2
The second one isn't hard at all. Just think about the conjugate subgroups of H. The first one is a little harder. I'd start by using the class equation to show that G has a nontrivial center.
 

Related to What are the properties of normal subgroups in groups of prime order?

1. What is group theory and how is it used in science?

Group theory is a mathematical concept that studies the symmetries and patterns of objects or systems. It is used in science to model and understand the behavior of physical systems, such as atoms, molecules, crystals, and subatomic particles. It is also used in fields like chemistry, physics, and computer science to solve problems and make predictions.

2. What are some common applications of group theory in science?

Group theory has a wide range of applications in science, including crystallography, molecular spectroscopy, quantum mechanics, and particle physics. It is also used to study the structure and properties of molecules, crystals, and other complex systems.

3. How does group theory help in solving problems in science?

Group theory provides a powerful framework for analyzing and solving problems in science. It allows scientists to identify symmetries and patterns in complex systems, which can then be used to make predictions and understand the behavior of these systems. It also provides a systematic approach for finding solutions to problems by breaking them down into simpler components.

4. What are some common challenges when applying group theory to scientific problems?

One challenge when using group theory in science is identifying the appropriate symmetry group for a given system. This requires a deep understanding of the system and its properties. Another challenge is performing calculations and analyses using group theory, as it can be complex and time-consuming.

5. How does group theory 2 differ from group theory 1?

Group theory 2, also known as "advanced group theory," builds upon the concepts and principles of group theory 1. It delves deeper into the mathematical foundations and provides a more comprehensive understanding of symmetries and patterns in complex systems. Group theory 2 is often used to solve more complex problems in science that cannot be addressed with the basic principles of group theory 1.

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