QM: Difference between these Initial Wavefunctions

In summary, the conversation discusses finding the Fourier transform and time evolution of two initial wavefunctions for a school project. The presence of the ##e^{ipx}## term in the second wavefunction gives the wavepacket a nonzero expectation value of momentum. To find the time evolution of the wavefunctions, the steps include normalizing them, finding their Fourier transform, and plugging it into their inverse Fourier transform. The conversation also touches upon the assumptions of ##\hbar = 1## and ##p = k##.
  • #1
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Homework Statement



I've been asked as a part of some school project to find the Fourier transform, and time evolution of the following initial wavefunctions:

1. ##\Psi(x,0) = Ae^{\frac{-x^2}{2\sigma ^2}}##
2. ##\Psi(x,0) = Be^{\frac{-x^2}{2\sigma ^2}}e^{\frac{ipx}{\hbar}}##

What physical difference does the ##e^{ipx}## term make?

To find the time evolution of 1 and 2, do I follow the following steps?
1. Normalize them
2. Find their Fourier transform
3. Plug it into their inverse Fourier transform ##\int \frac{\tilde{\psi}}{\sqrt{2\pi}} e^{i(kx - \frac{\hbar k^2}{2m} t)}##

I was told to take ##\hbar = 1## and therefore ##p = k##

Assistance is greatly appreciated

Homework Equations

The Attempt at a Solution

 
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  • #2
The factor ##e^{ipx}## gives the wavepacket a nonzero expectation value of momentum. So, it's a wavepacket that is "shot" to one direction with a certain velocity, unlike the real-valued Gaussian wavepacket that spreads to both directions equally fast.
 
  • #3
hilbert2 said:
The factor ##e^{ipx}## gives the wavepacket a nonzero expectation value of momentum. So, it's a wavepacket that is "shot" to one direction with a certain velocity, unlike the real-valued Gaussian wavepacket that spreads to both directions equally fast.

Thanks for the response!

So is it right to think of this as a Gaussian wavepacket with some initial "average" momentum?

Edit:

I'd also like to ask about the ##p## terms in (2) and the Fourier transform ##\frac{1}{\sqrt{2\pi}} \int \Psi(x,0) e^{-ipx}dp##. Are they the same thing? If not, what do they mean?
 
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Related to QM: Difference between these Initial Wavefunctions

1. What is the difference between a ground state and an excited state wavefunction?

A ground state wavefunction represents the lowest energy state of a quantum system, while an excited state wavefunction represents a higher energy state. Ground state wavefunctions have a higher probability of being found closer to the nucleus, while excited state wavefunctions have more energy and are more spread out.

2. How do the shapes of initial wavefunctions differ?

The shapes of initial wavefunctions can differ depending on the quantum system being studied. For example, in a hydrogen atom, the ground state wavefunction has a spherical shape, while excited state wavefunctions have more complex shapes such as dumbbell or cloverleaf shapes.

3. What is the significance of the initial wavefunction in quantum mechanics?

The initial wavefunction is a fundamental concept in quantum mechanics that describes the probability of finding a particle in a certain position or energy state. It is used to calculate various properties of a quantum system and is essential in understanding the behavior of matter at the atomic and subatomic level.

4. Can different quantum systems have the same initial wavefunction?

No, different quantum systems cannot have the same initial wavefunction. Each quantum system has its own unique set of energy levels and wavefunctions that describe the behavior of its particles. While some systems may have similar shapes of wavefunctions, they will differ in their energy levels and other properties.

5. How does the energy of a quantum system relate to its initial wavefunction?

The energy of a quantum system is directly related to its initial wavefunction. As the energy of a system increases, the shape of its wavefunction becomes more complex and has more peaks and valleys. Similarly, as the energy decreases, the wavefunction becomes more simple and approaches a spherical shape in some cases.

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