Potato battery, how does it work?

In summary, the conversation discusses the chemistry and physics behind a potato battery, which involves using a potato as an electrolyte to power a simple circuit. The acidity of potatoes, specifically phosphoric acid, allows for the oxidation of two metals, zinc and copper, leading to a flow of electricity. The standard electrode potential also plays a role in the process. It is suggested that any electrolyte can be used as long as it does not passivate the surface of the metals. The conversation also ponders if a potato battery can produce enough electricity to light up a pickle.
  • #1
christian0710
409
9
Hi just made a potato battery, using a cupper coin and zink nails (not connected in any way, just pit in a nail and 3 inches appart a penny), I was just wondering what is the chemistry/physics theory here?

Potatoes contain phosphoric acid
H3PO4

Is it the acid in potatoes that oxidize the 2 metals? or id it the standard electrode potential?

Electrode potential for Zn
Zn(+2) + 2e ---> Zn(s) = -0,76 V (so it want's to be oxidized and should reduce Cu (+2) to Cu (s) because Cupper has a positive electrode potential.

But does the acid oxidize both metals in the first place?
 
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  • #2
Hmmm... can a potato battery produce enough "juice" to light up a pickle?

pickle.jpg


http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/electric/pickle.html
 
  • #3
Using a potato is just one of infinity of choices. Any electrolyte should work given it does not pasivate the surface of the metals.
 

Related to Potato battery, how does it work?

1. How does a potato battery work?

A potato battery uses the chemical energy stored in the potato to generate electricity. The potato acts as an electrolyte solution, allowing charged ions to flow between two electrodes (usually copper and zinc). This flow of ions creates an electric current, which can be harnessed to power small devices like a light bulb or a calculator.

2. What materials do I need to make a potato battery?

To make a potato battery, you will need a fresh potato, a copper strip, a zinc strip, alligator clips, and a small device to power (such as a light bulb or a calculator). You may also need some wire to connect the electrodes to the device.

3. How many potatoes do I need to power a light bulb?

The number of potatoes needed to power a light bulb depends on the size and type of the light bulb, as well as the freshness and size of the potatoes. On average, it takes around 6-8 potatoes to power a small LED light bulb. Experimentation may be needed to determine the exact number for your specific setup.

4. How long will a potato battery last?

The longevity of a potato battery depends on the freshness and size of the potatoes, as well as the amount of energy being drawn from it. In general, a potato battery can power a small device for a few hours before the potato starts to dry out and lose its effectiveness as an electrolyte solution.

5. Are there any safety concerns when making a potato battery?

As with any science experiment, it is important to take precautions and be aware of potential hazards. When making a potato battery, be careful when handling the copper and zinc strips, as they can have sharp edges. Also, make sure not to ingest any part of the potato or the materials used in the experiment. It is recommended to have adult supervision when conducting this experiment, especially for younger children.

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