Number of 4-fermion, 2-derivative Lorentz invariants

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In summary, the notation discussed in the conversation is consistent with Wess and Bagger's book on Majorana spinor fields in 4D. The conversation also explores the number of linearly independent Lorentz invariants that can be formed using 2n spinors and n space-time derivatives, and the possibility of finding a general approach to solving this problem. It is mentioned that for n=2, there are six invariants up to total derivatives and a basis is chosen to represent these invariants. Further research is needed to systematically approach this problem.
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Simon_Tyler
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The notation below, is consistent with Wess and Bagger's https://www.amazon.com/dp/0691025304/?tag=pfamazon01-20.

Given a Majorana spinor field in 4D, written in 2-component notation as
[tex] \Psi(x) = \begin{pmatrix} \psi(x) \\\\ \bar\psi(x) \end{pmatrix} ,
\quad (\psi_\alpha)^* = \bar\psi_{\dot\alpha} \ ,
[/tex]
how many linearly independent Lorentz invariants can be formed using 2n spinors and n space-time derivatives, tied together with the sigma/Pauli matrices and various metrics?

And, more importantly for my application, how many are there modulo total derivatives?

Is there a general (eg representation theory) approach to this type of problem?

Notes:

  1. I am mainly (at the moment) concerned with the n=2 case.
  2. Due to anticommutativity, there are no such terms with n>4.
  3. This can obviously be rewritten using 4-component Majorana spinors and Dirac matrices.

--------------------

For example with n=1 the only invariant is the standard kinetic term
[tex] \psi \sigma^a \partial_a \bar\psi
= \psi^\alpha \sigma^a_{\alpha\dot\alpha} \partial_a \bar\psi^{\dot\alpha}
= - (\partial_a\psi) \sigma^a \bar\psi + \text{total derivative} \ .
[/tex]

For [tex] n=2 [/tex], I believe (and want to prove) that there are only 6 invariants up to total derivatives.
Defining the matrix
[tex] v_a{}^b = i \psi\sigma^b\partial_a\bar\psi [/tex]
and its complex conjugate
[tex] \bar v_a{}^b = -i (\partial_a\psi)\sigma^b\bar\psi [/tex],
I chose the basis(?)
[tex] (\partial^a\psi^2)(\partial_a\bar\psi^2) \ ,\; tr(v)tr(\bar v) \ , \;
tr(v)^2\ ,\; tr(v^2)\ ,\; tr(\bar v)^2 \,\; tr(\bar v^2)\ .
[/tex]
Other terms being related by (for example)
[tex] tr(v\bar v) = tr(v)tr(\bar v)
+\tfrac12\Big(tr(v^2)-tr(v)^2+tr(\bar v^2)-tr(\bar v)^2\Big)
+ \text{total derivative}
[/tex]
 
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Does anyone have any ideas how to systematically approach such a problem?
 

Related to Number of 4-fermion, 2-derivative Lorentz invariants

1. What are 4-fermion, 2-derivative Lorentz invariants?

4-fermion, 2-derivative Lorentz invariants are mathematical expressions that describe the interaction between four fermions (elementary particles with half-integer spin) and two derivatives (operators that describe the rate of change of a physical quantity). These invariants are used in quantum field theory to calculate the scattering amplitudes of particles.

2. How are these Lorentz invariants calculated?

The 4-fermion, 2-derivative Lorentz invariants are calculated by taking the product of the four fermion fields and the two derivative operators and then applying the Lorentz transformation to the resulting expression. This calculation involves complex mathematical equations and requires knowledge of quantum field theory and group theory.

3. What is the significance of these Lorentz invariants in physics?

These Lorentz invariants play a crucial role in understanding the interactions between elementary particles in the framework of quantum field theory. They are used to calculate the scattering amplitudes, which are then used to make predictions about the behavior of particles in high-energy collisions, such as those in particle accelerators.

4. Can these Lorentz invariants be experimentally observed?

No, these Lorentz invariants cannot be directly observed in experiments. They are theoretical constructs used to describe the behavior of particles at the subatomic level. However, their predictions can be tested through experiments, such as high-energy particle collisions, to validate the theories and equations used to calculate them.

5. Are these Lorentz invariants relevant in other areas of science?

Yes, these Lorentz invariants are also used in other areas of physics, such as in condensed matter physics and quantum gravity. They are also relevant in cosmology, where they are used to study the behavior of particles in the early universe and to understand the evolution of the universe as a whole.

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