Kinetic Energy of Rotating Solid disk or cylinder about symmetry axis

In summary, a horizontal 845.0 N merry-go-round with a radius of 4.3 m is started from rest by a constant horizontal force of 74.0 N applied tangentially to the merry-go-round. After 2.2 s, the kinetic energy of the merry-go-round is 307.695468 J, assuming it is a solid cylinder with a fixed axis of rotation. This is due to the torque applied by the tangential force, resulting in an angular acceleration and angular kinetic energy. The linear kinetic energy is 0, as the center of mass does not move due to the fixed axis of rotation.
  • #1
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Homework Statement


A horizontal 845.0 N merry-go-round with
a radius of 4.3 m is started from rest by a
constant horizontal force of 74.0 N applied
tangentially to the merry-go-round. Find the
kinetic energy of the merry-go-round after
2.2 s. Assume it is a solid cylinder. The
acceleration of gravity is 9.81 m/s2

Homework Equations


I of MGR = 1/2mR²
angular KE = 1/2Iw2
F = ma
linear KE = 1/2mv²
τ=αI = FR

The Attempt at a Solution


weight of MGR = 845 N
mass of MGR = 845/9.81 = 86.1366 kg
R = 4.3 m
I of MGR = 1/2mR² = (0.5)(86.1366 kg)(4.3 m)² = 796.3328 kgm²
applied tangential force (F) = 74 N
time F is applied = t = 2.2 s

Torque applied = (74 N)(4.3 m) = Iα
α = 318.2 N·m/796.3328 kgm² = 0.39958 rad/s²
w = αt = (0.39958 rad/s²)(2.2 s) = 0.8790797 rad/s
angular KE = 1/2Iw² = (0.5)(796.3328 kgm²)(0.8790797 rad/s)² = 307.695468 J

F = ma
a = F/m = 74 N/86.1366 kg = 0.85910054 m/s²
v = at = (.85910054 m/s² )(2.2 s) = 1.8900212 m/s
linear KE = 1/2mv² = (0.5)(86.1366 kg)(1.8900212 m/s)² = 153.8477 J

TOTAL KE = 1/2Iw² + 1/2mv² = 307.695468 J + 153.8477 J = 461.5432 J

Possible reason for missing problem: Not sure if this is correct, but I think that there is no linear KE because the center of mass of the object is not moving. Therefore, I think the correct answer is 307.695468 J. I don't know if this line of reasoning is correct or not?
 
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  • #2
Of course, linear KE = 0 .

The axis of the MGR is fixed.
If the axis would not be fixed, you "angular+linear" calculation would be wrong anyway.
You would then need to specify the problem more precisely: what would be the meaning of a tangential force?
How could a tangential force accelerate the center of mass and put the MGR into rotation both together at the rate would indicated?
 

Related to Kinetic Energy of Rotating Solid disk or cylinder about symmetry axis

1. What is the formula for calculating the kinetic energy of a rotating solid disk/cylinder about its symmetry axis?

The formula for calculating the kinetic energy of a rotating solid disk or cylinder about its symmetry axis is: KE = 1/2 * I * ω^2, where I is the moment of inertia of the disk/cylinder and ω is the angular velocity.

2. How is the moment of inertia of a solid disk/cylinder calculated?

The moment of inertia of a solid disk/cylinder is calculated using the formula: I = 1/2 * m * r^2, where m is the mass of the disk/cylinder and r is the radius.

3. How does the kinetic energy of a rotating solid disk/cylinder change with respect to its angular velocity?

The kinetic energy of a rotating solid disk/cylinder is directly proportional to the square of its angular velocity. This means that as the angular velocity increases, the kinetic energy also increases.

4. Can the kinetic energy of a rotating solid disk/cylinder be negative?

No, the kinetic energy of a rotating solid disk/cylinder cannot be negative. It is always a positive value, as it represents the energy of the object in motion.

5. How is the rotational kinetic energy of a solid disk/cylinder related to its linear kinetic energy?

The rotational kinetic energy of a solid disk/cylinder is equal to its linear kinetic energy, but divided by the moment of inertia (KE_rot = KE_lin / I). This means that a solid disk/cylinder with a larger moment of inertia will have a lower rotational kinetic energy compared to a similar object with a smaller moment of inertia but the same linear kinetic energy.

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