Kinematics is the branch of physics that studies the motion of objects without considering the causes of the motion. It deals with concepts such as position, velocity, and acceleration.
Newton's laws of motion are three physical laws that describe the behavior of objects in motion. The first law states that an object at rest will remain at rest and an object in motion will remain in motion at a constant velocity unless acted upon by an external force. The second law states that the acceleration of an object is directly proportional to the net force acting on it and inversely proportional to its mass. The third law states that for every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction.
Velocity and speed are often used interchangeably, but they are actually different concepts. Speed is a measure of how fast an object is moving, while velocity is a measure of both speed and direction of motion. This means that two objects can have the same speed but different velocities if they are moving in different directions.
Distance is a scalar quantity that measures the total path traveled by an object, regardless of direction. Displacement, on the other hand, is a vector quantity that measures the straight-line distance and direction from the starting point to the ending point. This means that an object can travel a long distance but still have a small displacement if it ends up in the same position it started in.
Acceleration is calculated by dividing the change in velocity by the change in time. This can be represented by the equation a = (vf - vi)/t, where a is acceleration, vf is final velocity, vi is initial velocity, and t is time.