Jets from black holes are formed when matter and energy are pulled towards the black hole's event horizon and become highly accelerated due to the strong gravitational force. This accelerated matter is then ejected outwards in opposite directions along the black hole's rotational axis, forming the jets.
Not all black holes have jets. Only a small percentage of black holes are observed to have jets, and it is believed that their formation is dependent on various factors such as the spin and magnetic field of the black hole, as well as the amount and type of matter being pulled into it.
Jets from black holes can extend for thousands or even millions of light years. The exact length of the jet depends on various factors such as the strength of the black hole's magnetic field and the density of the surrounding environment.
Yes, jets from black holes can carry momentum. The ejection of matter from the black hole's accretion disk results in a transfer of energy and momentum, propelling the jets at high speeds.
Jets from black holes can have a significant impact on their surroundings. They can heat up and ionize the surrounding gas and dust, creating intense radiation and shock waves. These jets can also play a role in the formation and evolution of galaxies by distributing material and energy throughout the intergalactic medium.