Is the Betz Limit Calculation Based on Inaccurate Assumptions?

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In summary, the Betz Limit is a theoretical limit that determines the maximum amount of power that can be extracted from wind. This is calculated using the mass flow rate, cross-sectional area of the wind turbine blades, and velocities upstream and downstream. However, there is some discrepancy in the expression for reference power, as it assumes a constant mass flow rate but also includes the downstream velocity. This suggests that the actual reference power should be 0.5*ρ*S*Vb*(Vd^2). Ultimately, the Betz Limit serves as a reminder that it is impossible to achieve 100% efficiency in wind power extraction.
  • #1
QwertyXP
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Betz Limit

The amount of power in wind can be expressed as: 0.5*M*(V^2), where M=mass flow rate.

As per my knowledge, we assume M to be constant regardless of where we are measuring it, downstream, upstream or close to the wind turbine.

If measuring close to the wind turbine, the expression for M would be:
M=ρ*S*Vb

where S=the area sweeped by the wind turbine blades and Vb=velocity of wind at the blades


Now, When finding the power coefficient, why do we take the reference power for the Betz efficiency calculation to be equal to 0.5*ρ*S*(Vd^3), where Vd=velocity of wind downstream

The above expression for reference power (or total power available in the wind) could also be written as:
0.5*(ρ*S*Vd)*Vd^2

So here we are assuming that the cross-sectional area of wind downstream is the same as the cross-sectional area of wind close to the turbine, which appears to be wrong because then the mass flow rate would no longer be constant!

It seems to me that the reference power (or total power available in the wind) should actually be:
Pref=0.5*M*Vd^2
=0.5*ρ*S*Vb*(Vd^2)

But then, this expression is useless because we don't know the value of Vb..except that Vb=0.5*(Vd+Vu)
 
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  • #2
The total power available from the wind is the power "flowing" throigh the area of the turbine, when the turbine is not there. That is what your first fornula 0.5*M*(V^2) says.

Of course there is no way to extract some of the power without changing the wind flow in some way. That's why you can't make a turbine that is 100% efficient.
 
  • #3
Thanks a lot! This problem was troubling me quite a bit.
 

Related to Is the Betz Limit Calculation Based on Inaccurate Assumptions?

1. What is the Betz Limit?

The Betz Limit is a theoretical limit that represents the maximum amount of energy that can be extracted from wind by a wind turbine. It was first proposed by German physicist Albert Betz in 1919.

2. How is the Betz Limit calculated?

The Betz Limit is calculated by using the equation 16/27, which represents the maximum possible efficiency of a wind turbine. This means that a wind turbine can convert a maximum of 59.3% of the kinetic energy in wind into mechanical energy.

3. What factors affect the Betz Limit?

The Betz Limit is affected by various factors such as the size and shape of the wind turbine, the wind speed, and the air density. A wind turbine can never reach the Betz Limit in practical applications due to factors such as friction and inefficiencies in the turbine itself.

4. Why is the Betz Limit important?

The Betz Limit is important because it provides a benchmark for the maximum possible efficiency of a wind turbine. It helps engineers and scientists to design more efficient wind turbines and evaluate the performance of existing ones.

5. Can the Betz Limit be exceeded?

No, the Betz Limit cannot be exceeded. It is a fundamental limit based on the laws of physics and cannot be surpassed by any wind turbine design. However, with advancements in technology and design, wind turbines can get closer to the Betz Limit, increasing their efficiency.

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