Is A3 a Normal Subgroup of S3?

In summary, a normal subgroup of a group is a subgroup that remains the same under conjugation. It has various properties such as being closed under conjugation and being a union of conjugacy classes. To determine if a subgroup is normal, one can check if it is invariant under conjugation or if its left and right cosets are the same. Normal subgroups have many applications in group theory, such as the construction of quotient groups and the proof of the first isomorphism theorem. A group can have multiple normal subgroups, including the trivial subgroup and the whole group, and even infinitely many in some cases.
  • #1
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H=A3= {(1),(1 2 3),(1 3 2)} and

G=S3 ={ (1),(1 2 3),(1 3 2),(1 2 ),(1 3),(1 2 3) }

Is H is normal subgroup of G ?
I try g=(1 2 3 ) for gH=Hg but gH≠Hg for all g ε G.In this situation,H is normal subgroup pf G?
 
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  • #2
I haven't check your assertion, but in order for H to be a normal subgroup of G, ##gH = Hg## for all ##g\in G##.

If you have ##gH\neq Hg## for some ##g\in G##, then H isn't a normal subgroup of G.
 
  • #3
What is [G:H]?? What does that tell you??
 

Related to Is A3 a Normal Subgroup of S3?

1. What is a normal subgroup of a group?

A normal subgroup of a group is a subgroup that is invariant under conjugation, meaning that the subgroup remains the same when multiplied by any element in the group. In other words, if a subgroup is normal, the left and right cosets of the subgroup will be the same. Normal subgroups play an important role in group theory and have various applications in algebra and geometry.

2. What are the properties of a normal subgroup?

There are several important properties of a normal subgroup. These include:

  • Every group has at least two normal subgroups: the trivial subgroup, which only contains the identity element, and the group itself.
  • If a subgroup is normal, then its quotient group is also well-defined.
  • Normal subgroups are closed under conjugation, meaning that if two elements are in the normal subgroup, their product will also be in the subgroup.
  • A normal subgroup is a union of conjugacy classes, which are sets of elements that are conjugate to each other.

3. How do you determine if a subgroup is normal?

There are several ways to determine if a subgroup is normal:

  • Check if the subgroup is invariant under conjugation.
  • Verify that the left and right cosets of the subgroup are the same.
  • Use the normal subgroup test, which states that a subgroup is normal if and only if it is the kernel of a group homomorphism.

4. What is the significance of a normal subgroup in group theory?

Normal subgroups have many important applications in group theory. Some of these include:

  • They allow for the construction of quotient groups, which are important in understanding the structure of a group.
  • They help to classify groups into different types, such as abelian and non-abelian groups.
  • They are used to prove the first isomorphism theorem, which states that the image of a group homomorphism is isomorphic to the quotient group of the domain by the kernel of the homomorphism.

5. Can a group have more than one normal subgroup?

Yes, a group can have multiple normal subgroups. In fact, every group has at least two normal subgroups: the trivial subgroup and the group itself. However, it is possible for a group to have infinitely many normal subgroups. For example, the group of integers under addition has infinitely many normal subgroups, including the trivial subgroup, the whole group, and all subgroups generated by a single integer.

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