A semiconductor is a material that has electrical conductivity between that of a conductor and an insulator. This means that it can conduct electricity, but not as well as a metal, and it can also act as an insulator, preventing the flow of electricity.
Semiconductors are used in a variety of electronic devices, such as computers, smartphones, and televisions. They are essential components in transistors, diodes, and integrated circuits, which are the building blocks of modern technology.
The basic principles of semiconductors include the band theory, which explains how electrons move within the material, and the doping process, which involves intentionally adding impurities to the material to alter its electrical properties.
Semiconductors differ from conductors in that they have a lower electrical conductivity and from insulators in that they have a higher electrical conductivity. This is due to the unique band structure of semiconductors, which allows for a controlled flow of electricity.
Some common types of semiconductors include silicon, germanium, and gallium arsenide. These materials are widely used in electronic devices and have different properties that make them suitable for various applications.