Finding out the type of central force given the orbit

In summary, the problem involves a spaceship following a circular path near a gas cloud with constant angular momentum. The goal is to determine the attractive force responsible for this orbit. The given equation and information can be used to find velocity and then the potential.
  • #1
saadhusayn
22
1
Hi,

This is the statement of the problem of AP French's textbook "Newtonian Mechanics".

1. Homework Statement

The commander of a spaceship that has shut down its engines and is
coasting near a strange-appearing gas cloud notes that the ship is
following a circular path that will lead directly into the cloud (see the
figure). He also deduces from the ship's motion that its angular momentum
with respect to the cloud is not changing. What attractive (central)
force could account for such an orbit? (ANSWER : F ~ -1 / r^5)

Homework Equations

The Attempt at a Solution



From the information given, angular momentum = m * r^2 * (dtheta / dt) =
constant.
The acceleration of the ship is a combination of tangential and radial
acceleration, the resultant of which is along the line joining the
spacecraft and the cloud.
[/B]

I don't know where to proceed from here.

Thank you very much for your help.
 

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  • #2
saadhusayn said:
From the information given, angular momentum = m * r^2 * (dtheta / dt) =
constant.
This allows you to find velocity as function of radius, which then leads to the potential.
 

Related to Finding out the type of central force given the orbit

1. What is a central force?

A central force is a type of force that acts on an object towards a fixed center point or focus. It is a type of conservative force, meaning that it does not dissipate energy and can be described by a potential energy function.

2. How do you determine the type of central force acting on an orbit?

The type of central force can be determined by analyzing the shape and characteristics of the orbit. For example, if the orbit is circular, the central force is likely to be a gravitational force. If the orbit is elliptical, the central force could be a gravitational force or an electric force, depending on the context.

3. What are some common types of central forces?

Some common types of central forces include gravitational forces, electric forces, and magnetic forces. Other examples include forces caused by elastic or spring-like materials, such as in a simple harmonic motion.

4. How can mathematical equations be used to find the type of central force?

Mathematical equations, such as Kepler's laws of planetary motion and Newton's laws of motion, can be used to analyze the motion of an object under the influence of a central force. By plugging in values for the orbit's parameters, the type of central force can be determined.

5. Can the type of central force change over time?

Yes, the type of central force can change over time if the conditions or parameters of the orbit change. For example, a planet's orbit may change from elliptical to circular as it moves closer or further away from the Sun, resulting in a change in the type of central force acting on it.

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