Expressing x(t) of a particle (air resistance)

In summary, the conversation discusses a problem involving a particle moving on a frictionless, horizontal surface with an initial speed of v0 and facing air resistance force FR. The goal is to show that x(t) = (1/α)(v0)(1-e^(-αt)). One individual manages to find a solution, but another person questions how the "1" in the equation appears. With the help of limits of integration, the missing "1" is explained and the solution is confirmed.
  • #1
Cooojan
1.
2D -problem
A particle is moving on a frictionless, horizontal surface from ##O_{rigo}## with initial speed ## v_0 ##, as it faces the air resistance force ## F_R ##.2.
## F_R = -mαv ## (where v is a particle velocity)

## \frac {dv}{dt} + αv = 0 ##Show that:

## x(t) = \frac 1 α (v_0)(1-e^{-αt}) ##3.
So I menaged, somewhat, to complete this exercise, but I only come to this solution:

## x(t)=\frac1α(v_0)(-e^{-αt}) ##

Can somebody explain me, how does this missing ## "1" ## get there?

## a=-αv ##

## \frac{dv}{-αv}=dt ##

## -\frac1α\int{\frac1v}\,dv=∫dt ##

## e^{ln(v)} = e^{-αt+C_1} ##

## v=Ce^{-αt} ##

## v(t) = v_0e^{-αt} ##

## v(t)=\frac{dx}{dt} ##

## ∫dx=\int v \,dt ##

## x(t)=v_0 \int e^{-αt}\,dt ##

## x(t)=\frac1α(v_0)(-e^{-αt}) ##

But it should be

## x(t) = \frac 1 α (v_0)(1-e^{-αt}) ##

Tnx a lot. Any help would be very useful and much appriciated :)

####
 
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  • #2
Cooojan said:
∫dx=∫vdt
You need limits of integration here. When t = 0 x = 0 and v = v0; when t = t, x = x(t) and v = v(t).
 
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Likes Cooojan
  • #3
kuruman said:
You need limits of integration here. When t = 0 x = 0 and v = v0; when t = t, x = x(t) and v = v(t).

Worked perfectly. Thank you 4 your time! :)
 

Related to Expressing x(t) of a particle (air resistance)

1. How does air resistance affect the motion of a particle?

Air resistance, also known as drag, acts in the opposite direction to the motion of a particle. It increases as the speed of the particle increases and can significantly decrease its acceleration and overall velocity.

2. How do you express x(t) of a particle with air resistance?

The equation for expressing x(t) of a particle with air resistance is x(t) = (v₀/g)(1-e^(-gt/m)), where v₀ is the initial velocity, g is the acceleration due to gravity, t is time, and m is the mass of the particle.

3. How does air resistance affect the terminal velocity of a particle?

Air resistance plays a significant role in determining the terminal velocity of a particle. As the particle falls, the force of air resistance increases until it is equal in magnitude to the force of gravity, resulting in a constant velocity known as the terminal velocity.

4. What factors influence the amount of air resistance experienced by a particle?

The amount of air resistance experienced by a particle depends on several factors, including its size, shape, velocity, and the density and viscosity of the surrounding air. For example, a larger and more streamlined particle will experience less air resistance compared to a smaller and more irregularly shaped particle.

5. How can air resistance be reduced for a particle?

The most effective way to reduce air resistance for a particle is to decrease its surface area and increase its speed. This can be achieved by altering the shape or size of the particle or by changing its initial velocity. Additionally, reducing the density and viscosity of the surrounding air can also decrease the amount of air resistance experienced by a particle.

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