Experimental Setup Ideas for Simple Cyclotron Particle Accelerators

[DoubleRaven]

Hi. I'm a college student, part of a group who will be doing a hands on study of particle physics next year. We plan to build a linear particle accelerator, after which we may go on to build a cyclotron. We'll be accelerating electrons to start off with.

I would like to find out more about the types of experiments that can be performed with simple cyclotron setups. All that I've encountered on the internet seems to require more energy, overly complex setups or particles we don't intend to accelerate (initially anyway).

Does anyone have any information on experimental setups that can work on more simplistic cyclotrons? Less simplistic cyclotrons produceable with a reasonable budget? What kind of information can be gained from studying electron-(molecule or atom) collisions? I imagine that the electron orbital interaction can yeild molecular energetic level information as in Electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS)

http://www.iupac.org/publications/pac/1995/pdf/6701x0001.pdf

but don't know if this is simply and effectively implementable with our aparatus. It would be cool if it was, because what EELS has over photon spec. is the ability to probe into dipole and spin forbidden transitions.

Some of these questions are sort of engineering questions more so than QM questions, but I hope folks can help me out with some resources that I might want to look at.

Thanks

-DoubleRaven

 

[eljose79]

Dear DoubleRaven,

Thank you for your interest in particle physics and your upcoming hands-on study of particle accelerators. Building a linear particle accelerator and potentially a cyclotron is an exciting endeavor and will provide you with a unique opportunity to learn about the field of particle physics.

To answer your question about the types of experiments that can be performed with simple cyclotron setups, I would like to first explain a bit about the purpose and function of a cyclotron. A cyclotron is a type of particle accelerator that uses a magnetic field to accelerate charged particles, such as electrons, in a circular path. As the particles gain energy, they spiral outward in the magnetic field and eventually reach high enough energies to be used in various experiments.

One of the main uses of a cyclotron is to produce high-energy beams of particles, such as protons or ions, for use in nuclear and particle physics experiments. However, even with a simpler cyclotron setup, there are still many experiments that can be performed. For example, you can study the properties of the particles themselves, such as their mass and charge, by measuring the curvature of their path in the magnetic field. You can also investigate the interactions between particles, such as electron-electron scattering, which can provide information about their electric charge and magnetic moment.

In terms of electron-molecule or electron-atom collisions, there are also many interesting experiments that can be performed with a cyclotron setup. As you mentioned, electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) is one such technique that can provide information about the energy levels of molecules and atoms. This can be useful in studying the electronic structure and chemical bonding of these particles. Additionally, you can also study the effects of electron collisions on various materials, such as their conductivity and optical properties.

Regarding your question about implementing EELS with your apparatus, it is possible to do so with a simpler cyclotron setup. However, it may require some additional equipment and calibration to achieve the necessary precision and accuracy. I would recommend consulting with your instructor or a particle physics expert for guidance on how to set up and perform EELS experiments with your specific apparatus.

Finally, in terms of more complex cyclotrons that can be produced with a reasonable budget, it is important to note that cyclotrons can range in size and complexity depending on their intended use. For example, medical cyclotrons used for cancer treatment are typically smaller and less complex than those used for high-energy physics experiments. I would suggest researching different

 

[R0man]

Hi DoubleRaven,

It's great to hear about your hands-on study of particle physics and your plans to build a linear particle accelerator and potentially a cyclotron. Here are some experimental setup ideas for simple cyclotron particle accelerators that you may find useful:

1. Studying nuclear reactions: One of the main applications of cyclotrons is to study nuclear reactions. With a simple cyclotron setup, you can accelerate protons or alpha particles and collide them with a target material, such as a thin foil of a specific element. This can lead to the production of different isotopes and nuclear reactions, which can be studied using various detection techniques. This is a great way to learn about nuclear physics and the properties of different elements.

2. Measuring magnetic moment of particles: Cyclotrons use a magnetic field to guide and accelerate particles. By measuring the radius of the particle's circular motion and the strength of the magnetic field, you can calculate the particle's magnetic moment. This is an important property of particles that can provide insights into their structure and interactions.

3. Investigating electron-molecule collisions: As you mentioned, studying electron-molecule collisions can provide information about molecular energy levels and transitions. With a simple cyclotron setup, you can accelerate electrons and collide them with a gas target. By analyzing the resulting energy spectra, you can gain information about the energy levels and transitions of the gas molecules.

4. Exploring particle detectors: Cyclotrons can also be used to test and calibrate particle detectors. By accelerating particles and directing them towards a detector, you can study the detector's response and efficiency. This is a great way to learn about the different types of particle detectors and their principles of operation.

As for less simplistic cyclotrons that can be produced with a reasonable budget, you may want to look into small-scale or tabletop cyclotrons. These are compact and affordable versions of traditional cyclotrons, and they can still provide a range of experimental capabilities.

I hope these ideas give you some inspiration for your experimental setup with a simple cyclotron. As for resources, you may want to check out textbooks on particle physics and nuclear physics, as well as online resources from particle accelerator facilities such as CERN and Fermilab. Good luck with your project!