Dimension-5 interaction beyond the standard model refers to a theoretical framework that extends the Standard Model of particle physics. It introduces additional interactions between fundamental particles, beyond the four known fundamental forces (strong, weak, electromagnetic, and gravitational). These interactions are believed to occur at a higher energy scale and involve higher-dimensional operators.
Dimension-5 interactions are different from other dimensions because they are not physical dimensions in the traditional sense. In physics, dimensions refer to the parameters that describe the position and motion of an object in space and time. However, in the context of the Standard Model, "dimension" refers to the number of fields involved in an interaction. Dimension-5 interactions involve five fields, while the Standard Model interactions involve four fields.
Dimension-5 interactions can involve a variety of particles, including quarks, leptons, and gauge bosons. These interactions can also involve the Higgs boson, which is responsible for giving mass to particles. The exact particles involved depend on the specific operators and couplings included in the theory.
Currently, there is no direct evidence for Dimension-5 interaction beyond the standard model. However, there are theoretical motivations for including these interactions in our understanding of particle physics. These include addressing open questions in the Standard Model, such as the hierarchy problem and the nature of dark matter.
Dimension-5 interactions are being studied through various theoretical and experimental methods. Theoretical studies involve calculations and simulations to predict the expected effects of these interactions on particle interactions. Experimental tests involve colliding particles at high energies and analyzing the resulting data for any signatures of Dimension-5 interactions. The Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN is currently one of the primary facilities used for these tests.