Darboux integration, show inequality

In summary, for two bounded functions f and g defined on the interval [a,b], where g(x)<=f(x) for all x in [a,b], it is shown that the Lower Darboux Sum of g is less than or equal to the Lower Darboux Sum of f for any partition P of [a,b]. This holds regardless of the monotonicity of the functions.
  • #1
xsw001
37
0
Suppose f, g:[a,b]->R are bounded & g(x)<=f(x) for all x in [a,b]
for P a partition of [a,b], show that L(g,P)<=L(f,P)

I don't know whether I should show by cases since I don't know the monotonicity of the both functions f and g. It seems like that the graphs of both functions have to behave the same way from the given condition g(x)<=f(x), isn't it? Or else how would I compare g(Xi) with f(Xi-1) or g(Xi-1) with f(x) though?

Case 1) suppose both f, g are monotone increasing
Case 2) suppose both f, g are monotone decreasing
Case 3) suppose f is monotone increasing and g is monotone decreasing
Case 4) suppose f is monotone decreasing and g is monotone increasing

Proof:
Since f, g are bounded, therefore there exists upper and lower integrals.
L(g,P)=sum g(Xi-1)(change of Xi) or L(g,P)=sum g(Xi)(change of Xi)
L(f,P)=sum f(Xi-1)(change of Xi) or L(f,P)=sum f(Xi)(change of Xi)
Since change of Xi are the same, we only need to compare sum g(Xi-1) with sum f(Xi-1) or sum g(Xi) with sum f(Xi).
Since g(x)<=f(x), it follows that sum g(Xi-1) <= sum f(Xi-1) or sum g(Xi) <= sum f(Xi)
Hence L(g,P) <= L(f,P)

Does it make sense? Any comments?
 
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  • #2


Can you first say what L(f,P) is supposed to be?
 
  • #3


L(f,P) is the Lower Darboux Sum; L(f,P)=sum mi(Xi-Xi-1)
U(f,P) is the Upper Darboux Sum; U(f,P)=sum Mi(Xi-Xi-1)
f: is the function
P: is the partition of the domain [a,b]; P={Xo, X1, ... , Xn}
mi: is the greatest lower bound [Inf(f)]
Mi: is the least upper bound [Sup(f)]
delta Xi=Xi-Xi-1: each partition interval of domain [a,b] where Xo=a and Xn=b
 
Last edited:
  • #4


I don't think you need monotonicity of any function: take a partition

[tex] P=\{x_0,...,x_n\} [/tex]

We know that [tex] f(x)\leq g(x), \forall x\in[a,b][/tex]. So since f and g are bounded, it follows that

[tex] m_{i,f}=\inf_{x\in[x_{i-1},x_i]}{f(x)}\leq \inf_{x\in[x_{i-1},x_i]}{f(x)}=m_{i,g}[/tex]

Therefore, it is obvious that

[tex] m_{i,f}(x_i-x_{i-1})\leq m_{i,f}(x_i-x_{i-1})[/tex]

Taking sums of both sides, yield

[tex]L_{f,P}=\sum_{i=0}^n{m_{i,f}(x_i-x_{i-1})}\leq\sum_{i=0}^n{m_{i,f}(x_i-x_{i-1})}=L_{g,P)[/tex]
 
  • #5


Yeah, I thought so too, just need second opinion. Thanks!
 

Related to Darboux integration, show inequality

1. What is Darboux integration?

Darboux integration is a method of calculating the definite integral of a function by using upper and lower sums. It is named after the French mathematician Gaston Darboux.

2. How is Darboux integration different from Riemann integration?

The main difference between Darboux integration and Riemann integration is that Darboux integration allows for the use of both upper and lower sums, while Riemann integration only uses one type of sum.

3. What is the significance of Darboux integration?

Darboux integration is significant because it provides a way to calculate the definite integral of a function by using simpler methods than Riemann integration. It also allows for the integration of more types of functions.

4. Can Darboux integration be used to show inequalities?

Yes, Darboux integration can be used to show inequalities between functions. By comparing the upper and lower sums of two functions, it is possible to determine which function is greater than the other within a certain interval.

5. What are the limitations of Darboux integration?

One of the main limitations of Darboux integration is that it can only be used to calculate the definite integral of continuous functions. It also requires more complex calculations than other integration methods, making it less practical for some applications.

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