Convergence for Infinite Series

[roam]

1. Examine the series [tex]\frac{1}{1 . 2} +[/tex][tex]\frac{1}{2 . 3}+[/tex][tex]\frac{1}{3 . 4}+[/tex][tex]\frac{1}{4 . 5}...[/tex] for convergence.



3. The Attempt at a Solution

The following is the book's answer:

"[tex]lim_{n\rightarrow \infty}S_{n}[/tex]
[tex]lim_{n\rightarrow \infty} (1 - \frac{1}{n + 1}) = 1 - 0 = 1[/tex]
Hence the series converge and its sum is 1. "


From [tex]S_{n} = [/tex][tex]\frac{1}{1 . 2} +[/tex][tex]\frac{1}{2 . 3}+[/tex][tex]\frac{1}{3 . 4}+[/tex][tex]\frac{1}{4 . 5}...[/tex]

I can see that the nth term is [tex]\frac{1}{n . (n+1)}[/tex] but I can't follow how the book's obtained the "[tex]1 - \frac{1}{n + 1}[/tex]" or th nth partial sum.

I appreciate some help. Unfortunently there are no explanations in the book on this question.

 

[rock.freak667]

try splitting [itex]\frac{1}{n . (n+1)}[/itex] into partial fractions, then use the property of a telescoping series.

 

[roam]

try splitting [itex]\frac{1}{n . (n+1)}[/itex] into partial fractions, then use the property of a telescoping series.

Is this correct:

[tex](\frac{1}{1} \times \frac{1}{2}) + (\frac{1}{2} \times \frac{1}{3}) + (\frac{1}{3} \times \frac{1}{4}) + (\frac{1}{4} \times \frac{1}{5}) + ... + (\frac{1}{n} \times \frac{1}{n + 1})[/tex]

I still don't understand how to reach [tex]1 - \frac{1}{n + 1}[/tex]

 

[NoMoreExams]

Did you rewrite 1/[n(n+1)] using partial fractions? Doesn't seem like you have. You just wrote out the first few terms and the n-th term.

 

[Дьявол]

[tex]\frac{1}{n(n+1)}=\frac{1}{n}-\frac{1}{n+1}[/tex]

Now you got:

[tex](1 - \frac{1}{2})+(\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{3})+(\frac{1}{3}-\frac{1}{4})+...+(\frac{1}{n}-\frac{1}{n+1})[/tex]

What can you assume?

 

[roam]

Oh, thanks. Now I understand what rockfreak was saying about splitting it into partial fractions.

[tex](1 - \frac{1}{2})+(\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{3})+(\frac{1}{3}-\frac{1}{4})+...+(\frac{1}{n}-\frac{1}{n+1})[/tex]

What can you assume?

Now I can test for convergence in [tex]lim_{n \rightarrow \infty}(\frac{1}{n} - \frac{1}{n+a})[/tex] but the book says we need to have "[tex]1 - \frac{1}{n+1}[/tex]" & I'm not sure where I can find it from.

 

[NoMoreExams]

No... look at what he wrote you see how for -1/2 there's a 1/2, for -1/3 there's a 1/3, etc. so what are you left with?

I believe the original post gave you 2 suggestions:
1) Use partial fractions.
2) Use properties of telescoping series.

1) was done for you by the Russian devil, now do part 2)

 

[roam]

Yes, they will cancel out and the series simply equal 1 therefore the series converge to one. I'll go & try some more examples & hopefully I think I learned the idea of "telescoping series"!

Thanks very much :)

 

[Дьявол]

Yes, they will cancel out and the series simply equal 1 therefore the series converge to one. I'll go & try some more examples & hopefully I think I learned the idea of "telescoping series"!

Thanks very much :)

No, look again.

There are [itex]1 + \frac{1}{n+1}[/itex] left.

Now you got [tex]\lim_{n \rightarrow \infty}(1 + \frac{1}{n+1})[/tex].

Because [tex]\lim_{n \rightarrow \infty}(\frac{1}{n+1})=0[/tex]

you got what? (rhyme)

 

[sutupidmath]

[tex]\frac{1}{n(n+1)}=\frac{1}{n}-\frac{1}{n+1}[/tex]

Hold on here for a moment!



In the original post i can see that the series is actually

[tex]\sum_{n=1}^{\infty}\frac{1}{n.(n+1)}=\frac{1}{1.2}+\frac{1}{2.3}+\frac{1}{3.4}+...[/tex]

and not

[tex]\sum_{n=1}^{\infty}\frac{1}{n(n+1)}=\frac{1}{1*2}+\frac{1}{2*3}+\frac{1}{3*4}+...[/tex]

There is a difference, don't u think? There certainly is a difference, unless the OP actually wanted to write the second one.

(To the OP:which one is it?)

 

[NoMoreExams]

He meant . as a a multiplication symbol, what he probably should have used was \cdot

 

[sutupidmath]

He meant . as a a multiplication symbol, what he probably should have used was \cdot

Well, yeah, that's what i was thinking too, since it isn't that easy to evaluate the sum of the other seires, unless we sought for some relation to a specific case of a Taylor expansion, or something like that.

 

[roam]

Hi StupidMath! Yes, like NomoreExams said I meant a multiplication symbol.


Sorry Dyavol, I forgot.

[tex]lim_{n\rightarrow \infty} (1 - \frac{1}{n+1}) = 1 - 0 = 1[/tex]

Hence the series converges and its sum is 1.