Can High Frequency Signals Flow Without a Medium?

[likephysics]

EM waves do not need a medium for propagation.
But isn't high frequency signal (like USB) flowing in a wire also electromagnetic.
How come it needs copper as a medium.

 

[Simon Bridge]

EM does not need a medium to propagate, but it may use a medium if one is available.
If we cunningly contrive for it to use a carefully selected medium then we don't need so much power to get a useful signal. It's also much easier to get that signal to go exactly where we want it to go.

Consider - radio waves propagate without a medium, but to hear a radio station we need to channel that energy into a speaker ... probably adding more energy to the signal first. We could just hold the speaker in the air and, if carefully designed, it could, in principle, vibrate with the radio waves. But it is much easier just to hold an antenna in the air, converting some of the EM waves in the air into EM waves in the wire ...

 

[CWatters]

What Simon said.

High frequency signal like USB can "leak" out of the wire they are propagating in (especially if not screened) and can travel through air or space. People who design systems such as computers and USB devices have to go to some lengths to ensure such "leaks" don't interfere with, for example, the users TV, his pace maker or the local police radio system :-)

 

[likephysics]

Thanks, Simon and CWatters.

 

[sardar]

Yes, high frequency signals, like USB, do flow through wires as electromagnetic waves. However, the use of copper as a medium is necessary for practical reasons. Copper is a good conductor of electricity and allows for efficient transmission of the signal. Without a medium, such as copper, the signal would lose energy and weaken, making it difficult to transmit over long distances. Additionally, the use of a medium allows for control and manipulation of the signal, which is important for various applications. Therefore, while electromagnetic waves do not require a medium for propagation, the use of a medium like copper is necessary for practical purposes in certain situations.