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On my problem sheet I got asked to prove:
## (1+x)^n = \displaystyle\sum _{k=0} ^n \binom{n}{k} x^k ##
here is my attempt by induction...
n = 0
LHS## (1+x)^0 = 1 ##
RHS:## \displaystyle \sum_{k=0} ^0 \binom{0}{k} x^k = \binom{0}{0}x^0 = 1\times 1 = 1 ##
LHS = RHS hence true for n = 0
assume true for n = r i.e.:
## (1+x)^r = \displaystyle \sum_{k=0}^r \binom{r}{k}x^k ##
n = r+1:
## (1+x)^{r+1} = (1+x)^r(1+x) = \displaystyle \sum_{k=0} ^r \binom{r}{k} x^k (1+x) ##
## = \displaystyle \sum_{k=0} ^r \binom{r}{k}x^k + \displaystyle \sum_{k=0}^r \binom{r}{k} x^{k+1} ##
consider ## \displaystyle \sum_{k=0}^r \binom{r}{k} x^{k+1} ##
let k = s-1 then:
## \displaystyle \sum_{k=0}^r \binom{r}{k} x^{k+1} = \displaystyle \sum_{s=1}^{r+1} \binom{r}{s-1}x^s = \displaystyle \sum_{k=1}^{r+1} \binom{r}{k-1}x^k ##
hence we get:
## (1+x)^{r+1} = \displaystyle \sum_{k=0}^r \binom{r}{k}x^k + \displaystyle \sum_{k=1}^{r+1} \binom{r}{k-1}x^k ##
## = \displaystyle \sum_{k=1}^r \binom{r}{k}x^k + \displaystyle \sum_{k=1}^r \binom{r}{k-1}x^k + \binom{0}{0}x^0 + \binom{r+1}{r}x^{r+1} ##
## = \displaystyle \sum_{k=1}^r x^k (\binom{r}{k} + \binom{r}{k-1}) + 1 + \binom{r+1}{r}x^{r+1} ##
## = \displaystyle \sum_{k=1}^r \binom{r+1}{k} x^k + 1 + \binom{r+1}{r}x^{r+1} ##
## = \displaystyle \sum_{k=0}^{r+1} \binom{r+1}{k}x^k ##
hence shown to be true for n = r + 1
is this proof OK or have I made a mistake somewhere?
## (1+x)^n = \displaystyle\sum _{k=0} ^n \binom{n}{k} x^k ##
here is my attempt by induction...
n = 0
LHS## (1+x)^0 = 1 ##
RHS:## \displaystyle \sum_{k=0} ^0 \binom{0}{k} x^k = \binom{0}{0}x^0 = 1\times 1 = 1 ##
LHS = RHS hence true for n = 0
assume true for n = r i.e.:
## (1+x)^r = \displaystyle \sum_{k=0}^r \binom{r}{k}x^k ##
n = r+1:
## (1+x)^{r+1} = (1+x)^r(1+x) = \displaystyle \sum_{k=0} ^r \binom{r}{k} x^k (1+x) ##
## = \displaystyle \sum_{k=0} ^r \binom{r}{k}x^k + \displaystyle \sum_{k=0}^r \binom{r}{k} x^{k+1} ##
consider ## \displaystyle \sum_{k=0}^r \binom{r}{k} x^{k+1} ##
let k = s-1 then:
## \displaystyle \sum_{k=0}^r \binom{r}{k} x^{k+1} = \displaystyle \sum_{s=1}^{r+1} \binom{r}{s-1}x^s = \displaystyle \sum_{k=1}^{r+1} \binom{r}{k-1}x^k ##
hence we get:
## (1+x)^{r+1} = \displaystyle \sum_{k=0}^r \binom{r}{k}x^k + \displaystyle \sum_{k=1}^{r+1} \binom{r}{k-1}x^k ##
## = \displaystyle \sum_{k=1}^r \binom{r}{k}x^k + \displaystyle \sum_{k=1}^r \binom{r}{k-1}x^k + \binom{0}{0}x^0 + \binom{r+1}{r}x^{r+1} ##
## = \displaystyle \sum_{k=1}^r x^k (\binom{r}{k} + \binom{r}{k-1}) + 1 + \binom{r+1}{r}x^{r+1} ##
## = \displaystyle \sum_{k=1}^r \binom{r+1}{k} x^k + 1 + \binom{r+1}{r}x^{r+1} ##
## = \displaystyle \sum_{k=0}^{r+1} \binom{r+1}{k}x^k ##
hence shown to be true for n = r + 1
is this proof OK or have I made a mistake somewhere?