Bernoulli differential equation, Cauchy problem

In summary, we discussed a Cauchy problem with given initial conditions and continuous coefficients, and determined the condition for there to be exactly one solution using the Theorem. We also went through the steps to solve the equation and justified the continuity of the function using Lagrange's method. However, we encountered a problem in justifying the continuity of the function, as the coefficients may not necessarily be elementary functions.
  • #1
nuuskur
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Homework Statement


Observe a Cauchy problem [tex]\begin{cases}y' + p(x)y =q(x)y^n\\ y(x_0) = y_0\end{cases}[/tex]
Assume ##p(x), q(x)## are continuous for some ##(a,b)\subseteq\mathbb{R}##
Verify the equation has a solution and determine the condition for there to be exactly one solution.

Homework Equations


Theorem:
Assume ##y' = f(x,y)## and ##y(x_0) = y_0##, where ##x_0\in (a,b)##. If ##f## is continuous in some ##D\subseteq\mathbb{R}^2##, there exists continuous ##f_y := \frac{\partial f}{\partial y}## in ##D## and ##(x_0,y_0)\in D## then the Cauchy problem has exactly one solution.

The Attempt at a Solution


Solve the equation. If ##y^n\neq 0## then multiplying both sides by ##y^{-n}##:
[tex]\frac{y'}{y^n}+p(x)\frac{y}{y^n}=q(x)[/tex]
Substituting ##w=y^{1-n}## then ##w' = (1-n)y^{-n}\cdot y'## Resulting in [tex]w' + p(x)w(1-n) = q(x)(1-n)[/tex]
From Lagrange's method we can say ##w = C(x)e^{-\int p(x)dx}##
Apply the theorem:
##w' = f(x,w)## and we have ##f(x,w) = q(x)(1-n) - p(x)w(1-n)##. From which we can say ##\frac{\partial f}{\partial w} = -p(x)(1-n)##. As ##p(x)## is assumed to be continuous then ##f_w## is defined and continous. ##(x_0, y_0)## is guaranteed to be in ##D## because ##D## is only bound by ##a## and ##b## on the X-axis. There are no limitations on the Y-axis.

Problem is how do I justify that ##f(x,w)## is necessarely continuous in ##D##. I know that ##f_w## is continous, if somehow ##f_x## would be continuous then ##f## itself is continous. From analysis I remember that if ##f## is an elementary function, then it and its differentials are continous, but ##p(x) , q(x)## don't have to be elementary functions, do they?
 
Last edited:
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  • #2
Should it be ##w' + p(x)w(1 - n) = q(x)(1 - n)##?
 
  • #3
verty said:
Should it be ##w' + p(x)w(1 - n) = q(x)(1 - n)##?
Yes, correct you are. Thanks.
 
  • #4
Edit
NOPE, still not right
 
Last edited:

Related to Bernoulli differential equation, Cauchy problem

What is a Bernoulli differential equation and how is it different from other types of differential equations?

A Bernoulli differential equation is a type of first-order ordinary differential equation that can be written in the form y' + p(x)y = q(x)y^n. It is different from other types of differential equations because it involves both the dependent variable and its derivative, and the nonlinear term y^n.

What is a Cauchy problem and how is it related to Bernoulli differential equations?

A Cauchy problem is a type of initial value problem for a differential equation, where the initial conditions are given at a single point. In the case of Bernoulli differential equations, the Cauchy problem involves finding a solution that satisfies the given initial conditions.

What are some common applications of Bernoulli differential equations?

Bernoulli differential equations are commonly used in physics and engineering to model various phenomena, such as population growth, chemical reactions, and fluid dynamics. They can also be used to solve optimization problems and to analyze systems with feedback control.

What are the steps for solving a Bernoulli differential equation?

The basic steps for solving a Bernoulli differential equation are as follows:

  • Identify the form of the equation as y' + p(x)y = q(x)y^n
  • Multiply the equation by an integrating factor to make it linear
  • Solve the resulting linear equation using standard techniques
  • Use the solution to find the original solution to the Bernoulli equation

Are there any limitations to using Bernoulli differential equations to model real-world situations?

Yes, there are limitations to using Bernoulli differential equations in real-world situations. They may not accurately represent complex systems and may require making simplifying assumptions. Additionally, the initial conditions and parameters used in the equation may not be precise enough to accurately model the system. It is important to carefully consider the assumptions and limitations when using Bernoulli differential equations in practical applications.

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