Effusion in physics refers to the process of gas particles escaping from a container through a small opening. This occurs due to the random motion of gas particles and is influenced by factors such as temperature and pressure.
Effusion and diffusion are related processes that involve the movement of gas particles. Effusion refers to the movement of gas particles through a small opening, while diffusion refers to the movement of gas particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.
Graham's law of effusion states that the rate of effusion for a gas is inversely proportional to the square root of its molar mass. This means that lighter gases will effuse faster than heavier gases.
Effusion can be measured by determining the rate of gas flow through a small opening, such as a pinhole in a container. This can be done using equipment such as a gas effusion apparatus.
Effusion has various real-world applications, such as in the production of neon lights, fuel cells, and gas sensors. It is also used in industrial processes, such as in the separation of gases and in the production of semiconductors.