Classical mechanics is the study of the motion of macroscopic objects, while quantum mechanics deals with the behavior of particles on a microscopic scale. Classical mechanics is deterministic, meaning that the future behavior of a system can be predicted with certainty, while quantum mechanics is probabilistic, meaning that the behavior of particles can only be described in terms of probabilities.
Energy conservation is a fundamental principle in physics that states that energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transformed from one form to another. This means that the total amount of energy in a closed system remains constant over time. For example, potential energy can be converted into kinetic energy, but the total amount of energy in the system will remain the same.
Speed is a measure of how fast an object is moving, while velocity is a measure of both the speed and direction of motion. In other words, speed is a scalar quantity, while velocity is a vector quantity. For example, a car traveling at 60 miles per hour has a speed of 60 mph, but if it turns and changes direction, its velocity will also change.
Inertia is the tendency of an object to resist changes in its state of motion. This means that an object at rest will remain at rest, and an object in motion will continue moving in a straight line at a constant speed, unless acted upon by an external force. Inertia is directly related to an object's mass, with more massive objects having greater inertia.
Mass is a measure of the amount of matter in an object, while weight is a measure of the force of gravity acting on an object. Mass is constant, meaning it does not change with location, while weight can vary depending on the strength of the gravitational field. For example, an object will have the same mass on Earth and on the moon, but its weight will be different due to the difference in gravitational pull.