The United States Naval Reserve (Women's Reserve), better known as the WAVES (for Women Accepted for Volunteer Emergency Service), was the women's branch of the United States Naval Reserve during World War II. It was established on July 21, 1942 by the U.S. Congress and signed into law by President Franklin D. Roosevelt on July 30. This authorized the U.S. Navy to accept women into the Naval Reserve as commissioned officers and at the enlisted level, effective for the duration of the war plus six months. The purpose of the law was to release officers and men for sea duty and replace them with women in shore establishments. Mildred H. McAfee, on leave as president of Wellesley College, became the first director of the WAVES. She was commissioned a lieutenant commander on August 3, 1942, and later promoted to commander and then to captain.
The notion of women serving in the Navy was not widely supported in the Congress or by the Navy, even though some of the lawmakers and naval personnel did support the need for uniformed women during World War II. Public Law 689, allowing women to serve in the Navy, was due in large measure to the efforts of the Navy's Women's Advisory Council, Margaret Chung, and Eleanor Roosevelt, the First Lady of the United States.
To be eligible for officer candidate school, women had to be aged 20 to 49 and possess a college degree or have two years of college and two years of equivalent professional or business experience. Volunteers at the enlisted level had to be aged 20 to 35 and possess a high school or a business diploma, or have equivalent experience. The WAVES were primarily white, but 72 African-American women eventually served. The Navy's training of most WAVE officer candidates took place at Smith College, Northampton, Massachusetts. Specialized training for officers was conducted on several college campuses and naval facilities. Most enlisted members received recruit training at Hunter College, in the Bronx, New York City. After recruit training, some women attended specialized training courses on college campuses and at naval facilities.
The WAVES served at 900 stations in the United States. The territory of Hawaii was the only overseas station where their staff was assigned. Many female officers entered fields previously held by men, such as medicine and engineering. Enlisted women served in jobs from clerical to parachute riggers. Many women experienced workplace hostility from their male counterparts. The Navy's lack of clear-cut policies, early on, was the source of many of the difficulties. The WAVES' peak strength was 86,291 members. Upon demobilization of the officer and enlisted members, Secretary of the Navy James Forrestal, Fleet Admiral Ernest King, and Fleet Admiral Chester Nimitz all commended the WAVES for their contributions to the war effort.
If we move towards a source of EM waves, in our reference frame the frequency appears (and it is) higher than what a stationary observer will see due to Doppler effect. The field transformations show that these two observers will se static fields differently so I would also expect that the peak...
Generally sound waves are depicted as simple sine waves, where volume is related to amplitude, and there is periodic motion. Realistically sound waves aren’t as simple. I attached a picture of a dissipating sound wave. I would appreciate if you guys could answer a couple questions I have about...
when antiparticles meet then they destroy each other... It sounds like how waves act when opposite waves pass over one another and you have destructive interference, is there any correlation?
Okay, let me prelude this by saying I only have an -EXTREMELY- limited understanding of classical physics, and zero knowledge of quantum mechanics. This is really just my asking a few questions in regards to an idea I had for an experiment, and what would be a good and accurate way to...
Are real non-sinusoidal sound waves, such as square sound waves, always composed of sinusoidal waves? I know that non-sinusoidal sound waves can be created with an infinite number of sinusoidal sound waves as described by Fourier series. Of course real non-sinusoidal sound waves cannot be...
So I am just working with a synth and I am having it create a single sine wave. I am then looking at the output on a db vs frequency graph and I would expect the db to only be reading at the frequency of that sine wave, but there are readings from 20 Hz all the way to 2k Hz sometimes(althought...
Homework Statement
A wooden stick, part of a musical instrument, which produces a musical sound when hit, oscillates by creating a transverse standing wave, with three antinodes and two nodes (3 "valleys", 2 "ground levels"). The lowest note has a frequency of f = 87.0 Hz, and is produced by...
This may be a dumb question, but some of these other thread got me wondering: is there a concept of local/proper time for electromagnetic waves?
I imagine the only 'clock' that could measure time (ticks) at the speed of light would be the field oscillations.
I'm currently reading class notes from an introductory waves course, written by the professor himself. I'm stuck in the Fourier analysis part, because he gives the formulas for the nth mode amplitude of a standing wave with fixed ends and then states some properties which I can't really make...
Okay...I read that speed of a wave for a particular medium is constant, i.e it is independent of its frequency and wavelength...Hence we can conclude for a particular medium, all waves travel with same speed...Is' nt it contradictory with our usual observed phoenomenon..Like, if we take air for...
Hello there,
I have a question (two very similar questions) about the time and phase delay between rotating objects. I want to describe two extreme cases here: I would appreciate any helps.
Case 1
Imagine two observers (people with telescopes maybe) in space that are standing thousands of...
Homework Statement
To determine the speed of a train, a student of Physics determined the frequency of the whistle in the approach to its position of observation, and measured 220 Hz. He then determined the frequency of the whistle when the train moved away, and got 190 Hz. What is the speed of...
I thought I understood the following, but recently I am having doubts about my understanding.
https://www.physicsforums.com/threads/is-a-2-body-elliptical-orbit-stable-in-gr.898258/
@PAllen said:
I don't believe any orbital system is stable in GR due to gravitational radiation. The time scale...
Okay...I have a question that, is it possible for a transverse waves to only consists of crests and not troughs (or vice versa)??..Like is it possible for the particles of the medium to only displace upwards from mean position , and not downwards?Any help is appreciated...
Let ##f## denote frequency and ##p## denote period. Then ##f=1/p##. Given some wave, say ##\sin( \beta t)##, most publications refer to ##\beta## as the frequency. But we know ##p=2\pi/\beta\implies f=\beta/2\pi##. Do most physicists and engineers omit the ##2\pi## part?
Thanks!
Hey all. Since gravitational waves travel at the speed of light, when they are "escaping" from mass, doe's their intensity lower? If so what mass would be needed to completely absorb a gravitational wave given the wave's properties? Any help appreciated.
Homework Statement
I know that the object distance is 15 using the equation m = - (v/u)
(+ or - depending on real / virtual) 2 = (+ or -) 30/u
u = 15
However how do I know if the image is real or virtual?
Homework Equations
m = - (v/u)
The Attempt at a Solution
Homework Statement
In magnification, I keep on confusing the signs. From what I understand currently, magnification is positive when the image is erect. An image is only erect when it is a virtual image, therefore virtual images = positive magnification. Vice versa, magnification is negative...
In a sound wave, air is being compressed and decompressed. If sound is reflected at the end, then to create a standing wave the compressed layer of air coming back must coincide with another compressed layer of air going forward.
If that's the case, how can the compressed airs continue to...
I know this question might be too simplified but, What is the primary causes generation of light (electromagnetic waves) by electron? Is it vibration motion of electron or the motion of electron around the nucleus?
Hello -
Not sure if this is the correct location for this.
I've been thinking about how a radio wave would work as the transmitter travels further away from the receiver.
My example is a transmitter on a spaceship traveling 60,000 kph that transmits a loop of my favorite playlist back to...
The sound intensity formula is given by: dE/dT*dS. So the variables are energy, related to the amplitude of the wave, area, related to wavefronts distribution on space, and time. So many times I don't see any reference about the relation between frequency and sound intensity, but if time is a...
Homework Statement
Homework EquationsThe Attempt at a Solution
I didnt understand much the question. Should I use, ##υ=εE^2## ? Then I ll take rms value of that E.But I am not sure that is that the max value.Is it max value ? I didnt understand part (B)
What happens to the path of Earth if a strong gravitational waves hit earth. Would there be a possibility of Earth moving out/changing the path of its current orbit? Can a high frequency gravitational waves knocks the Earth out from sun's gravitational field?
(I know it is very unlikely that a...
Homework Statement
1) When sound waves travel through increasing temperature, what increases, frequency, wavelength, or both?
2) When you inhale helium and then your voice becomes high and squeaky, what causes this to happen?
Homework Equations
Vsnd= √(γRT/ M)
vsnd= λf
The Attempt at a...
Hi,
(all discussions here are in the extreme weak field approximation about Minkowski space)
For the last couple of years I've been looking into the production and reception of radio frequency gravitational waves. It's kind of a retirement project the main goal of which is to get a better...
Signatures of extra dimensions in gravitational waves
David Andriot, Gustavo Lucena Gómez
(Submitted on 24 Apr 2017)
Considering gravitational waves propagating on the most general 4+N-dimensional space-time, we investigate the effects due to the N extra dimensions on the four-dimensional waves...
If you are stationary say 10m below the ocean surface does the water pressure at your location vary with the waves.
For example:
When a wave crest is above you than means perhaps 12m of water is above you.
Then a few seconds later a trough is above you so only 8m of water is above you.
So you...
and Homework Statement
Ok, so I am doing As physics at the moment and have been left confused by stationary waves.
I have read that between adjacent nodes/ even numbers the phase difference is always 0 and between numbers of does it is pi radians. So in the attatched image why is my textbook...
Homework Statement
Im stuck on a old exam in plasma physics. It is about how to determine dispersion relations for high frequency waves in cold plasma's. I'm not sure how they do in the solution manual.
Homework Equations
B = B_0z^
E = E_0exp(i(kx-wt))z^
The Attempt at a Solution
The...
We have materials that have negative effective permittivity and permeability. In such materials, when the product of permittivity and permeability is negative, solving the wave equation yields a wave with a purely imaginary wave number. Does this mean complete attenuation of the wave ?
Hi guys. I am having a little trouble understanding a few relations professor mentioned at lectures, regarding gravitational waves - flux of energy and strain.
First one expresses how is the flux of energy F related to frequency of radiation f and inflicted strain h. And the second one is for...
Hi there,
I have a scenario in which different frequencies will be played behind a curtain with a 2m opening. I would like to calculate the angle of diffraction for different frequencies played by the piano. One equation that I came across through research is Fraunhofer's Single Slit equation...
<Moderator's note: thread spawned from this previous thread.>
I have a question only loosely associated with any of the above, but that I hope may interest the minds behind this discussion.
Does the apparent discovery and confirmation of gravity waves give us a source of information...
Homework Statement
A long, thin steel wire is cut in half, and each half is connected to a different terminal of a light bulb. An electromagnetic plane wave with E and B moves past the wire as shown.
Part B: Suppose the wire were oriented parallel to the y-axis, as shown above. WOuld the bulb...
What I know: A ripple/wave in a field gives rise to a particle. For example, a ripple in electric field creates a photon.
Question: Is this the same principle as probability wave which when observed reveals a particle?
No i don't want to blow up anything, just wonder about story possibilities, solely for writing.
Lets suppose that dozen stun grenades blows in a room, that is at least 10m long, 5m wide, 4m tall, with a large machine(generator) in the middle, the majority of the grenades not so far from the...
Homework Statement
which of the following proposed space-time dependent electric fields in vacuum is/are allowed by the equations of EM theory?
a) $$E_x=E_1\sin(kz-wt),E_y=E_2\sin(kz-wt),E_z=0$$
b) $$E_x=E_1\sin(kz-wt),E_y=2E_1\cos(kz-wt),E_z=0$$
c)...
Homework Statement
Homework Equations
Δφ = 2π (Δr/λ)
The Attempt at a Solution
I understand how to get the phase difference, but is the equation for the combined wave (second last line) just something I should memorize?
Also, where does the sin term go in the last line? And why are the...
Hi!
What exactly makes electrons in the antenna move to generate an induced current which then can be encoded?
Is it radio waves that hits the antenna and makes the electrons move? If so, why/how? :)
All I get from this link is that "the radio waves makes the electrons wiggling back and...
If you were trying to explain to kids how EM Waves really look in nature, what would you show? None of these common graphics below are perfect. If you wanted to show comprehensive depiction of transverse EM Waves from the sun, from a laser pointer, from a radio / wifi transmission tower, how...
I am enrolling for classes for next semester and I have the option to take either differential Equations or Linear algebra or both next semester. I have completed Calc 1, 2, and I am completing multivariable this semester. I am a physics major and going into thermo and waves next semester so I...
I'm looking for some back-of-the-envelope calculations on an idea.
Say there is a buoyant mass floating on the water. It is connected to a system which, when waves move the mass up and down, it pulls a string which turns a wheel of an electromagnetic generator (assume there is a mechanism...
Would there be destructive interference if I had two waves that are superimposed and the peak of one wave met the trough of the other but they both have different amplitudes? If there isn't total destructive interference, then what does the final wave look like?
Can someone recommend me some beginner/intermediate level books about gravitational waves and some articles about their discovery.
I need to write scientific paper about them for my graduation but i don't have resources where to find about them so i would really appreciate help :)