In mathematics, the Taylor series of a function is an infinite sum of terms that are expressed in terms of the function's derivatives at a single point. For most common functions, the function and the sum of its Taylor series are equal near this point. Taylor's series are named after Brook Taylor, who introduced them in 1715.
If zero is the point where the derivatives are considered, a Taylor series is also called a Maclaurin series, after Colin Maclaurin, who made extensive use of this special case of Taylor series in the 18th century.
The partial sum formed by the first n + 1 terms of a Taylor series is a polynomial of degree n that is called the nth Taylor polynomial of the function. Taylor polynomials are approximations of a function, which become generally better as n increases. Taylor's theorem gives quantitative estimates on the error introduced by the use of such approximations. If the Taylor series of a function is convergent, its sum is the limit of the infinite sequence of the Taylor polynomials. A function may differ from the sum of its Taylor series, even if its Taylor series is convergent. A function is analytic at a point x if it is equal to the sum of its Taylor series in some open interval (or open disk in the complex plane) containing x. This implies that the function is analytic at every point of the interval (or disk).
Homework Statement
Determine the Taylor series for the function below at x = 0 by computing P5(x)
f(x) = cos(3x2)
Homework Equations
Maclaurin Series for degree 5
f(0) + f1(0)x + f2(0)x2/2! + f3(0)x3/3! + f4(0)x4/4! + f5(0)x5/5!
The Attempt at a Solution
I know how to do this but attempting...
hi, I try to calculate the integral
$$\int_{0}^{1}log(\Gamma (x))dx$$
and the last step To solve the problem is:
$$1 -\frac{\gamma }{2} + \lim_{n\rightarrow \infty } \frac{H_{n}}{2} + n + log(\Gamma (n+1)) - (n+1)(log(n+1))$$
and wolfram alpha tells me something about series expansion at...
Homework Statement
[/B]Homework Equations
an= bn - bn+1 which is already in the problem
The Attempt at a Solution
[/B]
i did partial fractions but then i got stuck at
16/12 [4n-5] - 16/12 [4n+7] that part about bn confuses me please someone explain in detail
Hi,
As part of showing that ##E^*_{2}(-1/t)=t^{2}E^*_{2}(t)##
where ##E^*_{2}(t)= - \frac{3}{\pi I am (t) } + E_{2}(t) ##
And since I have that ##t^{-2}E_{2}(-1/t)=E_{2}(t)+\frac{12}{2\pi i t} ##
I conclude that I need to show that ##\frac{-1}{Im(-1/t)}+\frac{2t}{i} = \frac{-t^{2}}{Im(t)} ##...
$\tiny{s4.12.9.13}$
$\textsf{find a power series reprsentation and determine the radius of covergence.}$
$$\displaystyle f_{13}(x)
=\frac{1}{(1+x)^2}=\frac{1}{1+2x+x^2}$$
$\textsf{using equation 1 }$
$$\frac{1}{1-x}
=1+x+x^2+x^3+ \cdots
=\sum_{n=0}^{\infty}x^n \, \,
\left| x \right|<1$$...
Hi All,
I've been reading up on hybrid vehicles and how the Honda Insight has an electric motor attached directly to the gas engine driveshaft. Their combined output causes the wheels to spin. My question is in regards to when the electric motor is off but the gas engine is on. Why doesn't the...
Homework Statement
I want to show that ## \sum\limits_{n=1}^{\infty} log (1-q^n) = -\sum\limits_{n=1}^{\infty}\sum\limits_{m=1}^{\infty} \frac{q^{n.m}}{m} ##, where ##q^{n}=e^{2\pi i n t} ## , ##t## [1] a complex number in the upper plane.Homework Equations
Only that ## e^{x} =...
It seems to me that convergence rounds away the possibility of there being a smallest constituent part of reality.
For instance, adding 1/2 + 1/4 + 1/8 . . . etc. would never become 1, since there would always be an infinitely small fraction that made the second half unreachable relative to the...
has Fourier used sin(x) and cos(x) in his series because "there must be such interval [a,b] where integral of "some function"*sin(x) on that interval will be zero?" so based on that he concluded that any function can be represented by infinite sum of sin(x) and cos(x) cause they are "orthogonal"...
Homework Statement
Find the sum of the given infinite series.
$$S = {1\over 1\times 3} + {2\over 1\times 3\times 5}+{3\over 1\times 3\times 5\times 7} \cdots $$
2. Homework Equations The Attempt at a Solution
I try to reduce the denominator to closed form by converting it to a factorial...
Question
∞
∑ tan(1/n)
n = 1
Does the infinite series diverge or converge?
Equations
If limn → ∞ ≠ 0 then the series is divergent
Attempt
I tried using the limit test with sin(1/n)/cos(1/n) as n approaches infinity which I solved as sin(0)/cos(0) = 0/1 = 0
This does not rule out anything and I...
I have a set of data that I've been working with that seems to be defined by the sum of a set of exponential functions of the form (1-e^{\frac{-t}{\tau}}). I've come up with the following series which is the product of a decay function and an exponential with an increasing time constant. If this...
Hi folks,
I was wondering if there are books that explain how to solve differential equations using infinite series. I know it is possible to do it since Poincaré used that method.
Do you know which ones are the best?
I find books on infinite series but they talk just about series...
Homework Statement
The problem asks to use a substitution y(x) to turn a series dependent on a real number x into a power series and then find the interval of convergence.
\sum_{n=0}^\infty (
\sqrt{x^2+1})^n
\frac{2^n
}{3^n + n^3}
Homework Equations
After making a substitution, the book...
How exactly do you tell if two elements are in series or parallel? I know that if two elements share two of the same extraordinary nodes then they are in parallel:
But in this example I do not see that. I know for certain that the answer for Rt is:
[ ( (R1 || R2) + R3) || R4 ] + R5
Question 1:
Find the Laurent series of \cos{\frac{1}{z}} at the singularity z = 0.
The answer is often given as,
\cos\frac{1}{z} = 1 - \frac{1}{2z^2} + \frac{1}{24z^4} - ...
Which is the MacLaurin series for \cos{u} with u = \frac{1}{z}. The MacLaurin series is the Taylor series when u_0 = 0...
I was studying the derivation for taylor series in ℝ##^n## on my book and I have some trouble understanding a passage; it's the very beginning actually:
##f : A## ⊆ ℝ##^n## → ℝ
##f ## ∈ ##C^2(A)##
##x_0## ∈ ##A##
"be ##g_{(t)} = f_{(x_0 + vt)}## where v is a generic versor, then we have...
Does 0.999... equals 1?
I know that this is a very basic well known concept but recently I stumbled across a video on Youtube in which the creator argues that the two are not equivalent
I posted a comment arguing that in the case of Infinite sum of Σn=0 9(1/10)n you can find the sum of the...
The Chicago Cubs have just won the National League championship, and will play in the World Series for the first time since 1945. They last won the Series in 1908.
http://www.cnn.com/2016/10/22/us/chicago-cubs-world-series-bid/index.html
Normally, I would be delighted to cheer them on, but...
I have the following laplace function
F(s) = (A/(s + C)) * (1/s - exp(-sα)/s)/(1 - exp(-sT))
I think that the inverse laplace will be-
f(t) = ((A/C)*u(t) - (A/C)*exp(-Ct)*u(t)) - ((A/C)*u(t-α) - (A/C)*exp(-C(t-α))*u(t-α))
and
f(t+T)=f(t)
Now I want to find the Fourier series expansion of f(t)...
$\tiny{206.10.3.54}$
$\text{Write the repeating decimal first as a geometric series} \\$
$\text{and then as fraction (a ratio of two intergers)} \\$
$\text{Write the repeating decimal as a geometric series} $
$6.94\overline{32}=6.94323232 \\$
$\displaystyle A.\ \ \...
Homework Statement
Link: http://i.imgur.com/klFmtTH.png
Homework Equations
a_0=\frac{1}{T_0}\int ^{T_0}_{0}x(t)dt
a_n=\frac{2}{T_0}\int ^{\frac{T_0}{2}}_{\frac{-T_0}{2}}x(t)cos(n\omega t)dt
\omega =2\pi f=\frac{2\pi}{T_0}
The Attempt at a Solution
Firstly, x(t) is an even function because...
Would it be possible to couple and electric motor to gas engine in series so both would increase the overall power.I currently building a twin engine car with two gas engines coupled together crank to crank like the old school twin dragsters.I would like to connect a large D.C. Motor in front of...
So all these college classes are really a growing experience for my teenage boys (home schooled). Last night my older son kept us up late persevering on a Calculus problem. Now, I remember a lot about sequences and series from my own days in Calculus and from teaching Calc 1, 2, and 3 at the Air...
Hello.
Homework Statement
What is the impedance of a circuit in which resistor and inductor are connected in series with each other, and a capacitor is in parallel with them? How should I sum the voltages in order to find the impedance?
2. Homework Equations
V = IZ
IZ = VR + VC + VL ?
The...
Consider the Taylor series expansion of ##e^{-x}## as follows:
##\displaystyle{e^{-x}=1-x+\frac{x^{2}}{2}-\frac{x^{3}}{6}+\dots}##
For ##x>0##, the partial sums ##1##, ##1-x##, ##\displaystyle{1-x+\frac{x^{2}}{2}}## bound ##e^{-x}## from above and from below alternately.
How do I prove this?
Homework Statement
The emission wavelengths of hydrogen-like atoms are related to nuclear charge. How do they scale as a function of Z? What are the longest and shortest wavelengths in the Balmer series for ##Li^{2+}##?
Homework Equations
##E_n = -\frac{R}{n^2}## (1)
##a_0 =...
Homework Statement
To Determine Whether the series seen below is convergent or divergent.
Homework Equations
∑(n/((n+1)(n+2))) From n=1 to infinity.
The Attempt at a Solution
Tried to use the comparison test as the bottom is n^2 + 3n + 2, comparing to 1/n. However, this does not work as the...
Hi,
I am trying to find out series and shunt resistance of solar cell from I-V curve which starts from Isc and going to Voc.
I read some papers and for single illumination mostly said Rs= -(dv/dI)V=Voc
and Rsh= -(dv/dI)I=Isc.
so I am finidng Rs from slope between points from Vmax to Voc, and...
I have always been a bit confused about how changing indices in a summations changes the resulting closed formula.
Take this geometric series as an example: ##\displaystyle \frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{4} + \frac{1}{8} + \dots + \frac{1}{2^n}##. Putting it into summation notation, we have...
Homework Statement
Find the impedance (Z) of the circuit in the shown figure (R and L in series, and C in parallel with them). A circuit is said to be in resonance if Z is real, find ω in terms of R, L, and C?
Homework Equations
VR= RIeiωt
VL= LiωIeiωt
VC= (Ieiωt)/(iωc)
What I mean by I is I...
Homework Statement
Expand the function f(z)=1/z(z-2) in a Laurent series valid for the annual region 0<|z-3|<1
Homework Equations
I know 1/z(z+1) = 0.5(1/(z-2)) - 0.5(1/z)
Taylor for 0.5(1/(z-2)) is : ∑(((-1)k/2) * (z-3)k) (k is from 0 to ∞)For the second 0.5(1/z) the answer is a...
i wanted to ask you that i am having financial problem for preparing for exams for getting admission into international universities.
are there online test series for physics,chemistry,maths in free
<<Moderator's note: moved from a technical forum, so homework template missing.>>
I found a problem in Boas 3rd ed that asks the reader to use
S_n = 1 + \frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{2} + ...
to show that the harmonic series diverges. They specifically want this done using the test...
I'm not sure this is the right forum, so if not, please move to the appropriate forum. My question is why does the ratio of two consecutive fibonacci numbers converge to the golden ratio? I see no mathematical connection between the series ratios and ratios of a unit line segment divided into...
I am playing with Arduino and LEDs at the moment. LED needs a resistor to limit current, that's clear. However, all examples I see use separate resistor for each diode. As far as I can tell electrically (in terms of limiting current) it shouldn't matter much whether we use single resistor for...
Homework Statement
I Have a differential equation y'' -xy'-y=0 and I must solve it by means of a power series and find the general term. I actually solved the most of it but I have problem to decide it in term of a ∑ notation!
Homework Equations
y'' -xy'-y=0
The Attempt at a Solution
I know...
I'm wondering if anyone could give me the intuition behind Fourier series. In class we have approximated functions over the interval ##[-\pi,\pi]## using either ##1, sin(nx), cos(nx)## or ##e^{inx}##.
An example of an even function approximated could be:
##
f(x) = \frac {(1,f(x))}{||1||^{2}}*1...
I have been having trouble getting the calculation of energy for a chain of coupled oscillators to come out correctly. The program was run in Matlab and is intended to calculate the energy of a system of connected Hooke's law oscillators. Right now there is only stiffness and no dampening...
I ran across an infinite sum when looking over a proof, and the sum gets replaced by a function, however I'm not quite sure how.
$$\sum_{n=1}^\infty \frac{MK^{n-1}|t-t_0|^n}{n!} = \frac{M}{K}(e^{K(t-t_0)}-1)$$
I get most of the function, I just can't see where the ##-1## comes from. Could...
From Mary Boas' "Mathematical Methods in the Physical Sciences" Third Edition.
I'm not taking this class but I was going through the textbook and ran into an issue. The problem states:
If you invest a dollar at "6% interest compounded monthly," it amounts to (1.005)n dollars after n months. If...
Homework Statement
Find the power series in x-x0 for the general solution of y"-y=0; x0=3.
Homework Equations
None.
The Attempt at a Solution
I'll post my work by uploading it.
Homework Statement
Perform a Taylor Series expansion for γ in powers of β^2, keeping only the third terms (ie. powers up to β^4). We are assuming at β < 1.
Homework Equations
γ = (1-β^2)^(-1/2)
The Attempt at a Solution
I have no background in math so I do not know how to do Taylor expansion...
Homework Statement
An object of mass m is initially at rest and is subject to a time-dependent force given by F = kte^(-λt), where k and λ are constants.
a) Find v(t) and x(t).
b) Show for small t that v = 1/2 *k/m t^2 and x = 1/6 *k/m t^3.
c) Find the object’s terminal velocity.
Homework...
Homework Statement
Note - I do not know why there is a .5 after the ampere. I think it is an error and I have asked my lecturer to clarify.
Homework Equations
The Attempt at a Solution
f(t)=sint2 f(0)=sin(0)2=0
f'(t)=2sintcost f'(0)=sin2(0)=0...