What is Rate: Definition and 1000 Discussions

The Institute for Creation Research (ICR) is a Creationist apologetics institute in Dallas, Texas that specializes in media promotion of pseudoscientific creation science and interpretation of the Genesis creation narrative as a historical event. The ICR adopts the Bible as an inerrant and literal documentary of scientific and historical fact as well as religious and moral truths, and espouses a Young Earth creationist worldview. It rejects evolutionary biology, which it views as a corrupting moral and social influence and threat to religious belief. The ICR was formed by Henry M. Morris in 1972 following an organizational split with the Creation Science Research Center (CSRC).Its work in the field of creation science has been rejected by mainstream science, but has been significant in shaping creationist thought in the United States by introducing creation science through fundamentalist churches and religious schools, and by engaging in public debates against supporters of evolution. The ICR also offers unaccredited graduate level programs in Biblical Apologetics, including a minor in Creation Research. The ICR also operates the ICR Discovery Center for Science & Earth History museum in Dallas, Texas.

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  1. gfd43tg

    Elementary Rate Law: Hydrogen Radical Termination Step

    Hello, I am having some confusion over elementary rate laws. This is a hydrodealkylation reaction. The specific reaction rates k1 and k4 are defined w.r.t. H2. If I want to write the rate law for the hydrogen radical for the termination step, would the elementary rate law be ##r_{H \bullet}...
  2. gfd43tg

    Proposing a reaction rate mechanism

    Homework Statement The rate law for the reaction is found from experiment to be Suggest a mechanism consistent with the rate law. Homework EquationsThe Attempt at a Solution Here is the webpage with the solution http://www.umich.edu/~elements/07chap/frames.htm Here is the solution Rate...
  3. N

    Pump and nozzle output flow rate

    If I have a pump of 50psi and 2L/min flow rate and it is connected to a nozzle. The nozzle catalogue specs for example shows that : 40psi = 0.5L/min 50psi = 0.6L/min 60psi = 0.7L/min Is flow rate at the nozzle output 0.6L/min? Regardless of the pump flow rate, as long as pressure are same...
  4. E

    Calculate Volumic Flow Rate for Air (kg/s) at 1 bar, 20 - 50°C

    Hey guys, can some of ou help me with this question: I need to calculate the volumic flow rate for air by using the ideal gas law. Things i know from the assignment: molarmass = 28,96 kg/kmol Pressure = 1 bar mass flow = 2 kg/s t in = 20 degrees celcius t out = 50 degrees celcius (sorry for bad...
  5. Soumalya

    Rate of change of Viscous Force in Couette Flow

    For a situation where we have two infinite flat parallel plates with a viscous fluid in between if the upper plate if acted upon by a constant force then the plate should accelerate. The fluid layer adjacently below the upper plate should have the same acceleration as this plate (due to no-slip...
  6. S

    Observational data for evolution of Hubble rate

    Is there any observational data available for evolution of Hubble rate? To give some context, read the dark energy FAQ by Sean Caroll here. He says: "If the universe is decelerating, the Hubble constant is decreasing. If the Hubble constant is increasing, the universe is accelerating. But...
  7. A

    Confused about Volumetric Flow Rate & Valves?

    I'm new here, and I have a question that might be easy but really confuses me. Does the volumetric flow rate of incompressible fluid change across a valve?. Based on my analysis, no it can not change since the mass is conserved, and since it's incompressible fluid. I know that the velocity will...
  8. Sats

    Schools Interested in Nuclear Physics - How's my grad school list?

    Hey guys, I've been asking around trying to see what schools on my list are 'reach', 'safety', or 'matches' for my profile. I was wondering if you guys could take a look and let me know if there's something that's too crazy or well within reach (or if I should just wait 'till next semester based...
  9. C

    How to get the Nyquist Rate if there is two given samples.

    Homework Statement Homework EquationsThe Attempt at a Solution
  10. X

    Is there a way to calculate gas flow rate from output PSI?

    I've noticed that certain propane torches will have a seemingly linear relationship between their PSI and BTU/hr. IE, 18 PSI -> 220,000 BTU/hr. From this a person could calculate how much gas is being burned per sec/minute/hr. So, is there a general relationship/formula that I can use to...
  11. B

    Under pressure -- flow rate through multiple holes in a pipe

    I am looking at air system that is under a constant pressure of 350 mbar into a pipe that has 40 - 2 mm round holes. Is there a formula that I can use to calculate the total volume of air nm3/hr that will escape the system? Let's just say the air temp is constant. Can anyone help with this?
  12. D

    Help Solving Physics Exam Question on Gamma Rays Counting Rate

    Hi, I came across a question in an exam which I couldn't really relate to any topic of physics, that I had studied. It goes like this- A detector is used to count the number of gamma rays emitted by a radioactive source. If the number of counts recorded in exactly 20 seconds is 10000, the...
  13. T

    Fluid Dynamics - Rate of Change of Momentum question

    Homework Statement A vertical jet of water of 3cm in diameter impinges upon a horizontal flat plate with a velocity of 4m/s, and all of the water spreads out horizontally. Find the force exerted on the plate. Homework EquationsThe Attempt at a Solution I am not 100% sure how to tackle this...
  14. S

    Calculate Flow Rate From Pressure at Two Points?

    I am trying to find out what is the best method / correct formula to calculate Flow rate at inlet/outlet when pressure is known. Please see attached image. any help would be greatly appreciated. Note: Flow Rate can Vary from 100 sccm to 500 sccm.
  15. E

    MHB Determine the Average Rate of Change

    Determine the average rate if change of the function y = 2cos(x - $\pi$/3) + 1 for the interval $\pi$/3 $\le$ x $\le$ $\pi$/2 I tried finding the exact values of the two (0 and 0.5) and subbing them into the AROC equation but I keep getting the wrong answer (1.4)
  16. B

    How accurate are heart rate monitors during walking/running

    I just started using this heart rate monitor, with the strap around the chest and the watch that you wear. I can't help suspecting that its just following my strides on the treadmill though, and also, if this is possible? How accurate are these monitors anyway, and how do they work? The...
  17. V

    Non-Dimensional Accretion Rate λ: Overview and Questions

    Hello, I have question about "so called" non-dimensional accretion rate, mostly known as λ. In Shapiro,Teukolsky 14.3. is made an overview but, λ is just defined, but I don't know why? Why do we need it? What is good for?
  18. H

    Second-order reaction and integrated rate law

    Homework Statement The second-order rate constant for the reaction A+2B --> 2C+D is 0.34 dm3/mol s. What is the concentration of C after 20 s and 15 min if the initial concentrations were [A] = 0.027 mol/dm3 and [ B] = 0.130 mol/dm3 Homework Equations The integrated rate law for A+2B --> P...
  19. B

    Effective annual return rate and the annual percentage return rate

    Hey guys. I have a very easy math problem which I can't seem to solve. Its been a while since I have had any math. A painting is bought in 1963 for 92,000 pounds, was sold in 2012 10.1 million pounds. Calculate the effective annual return rate and the annual percentage return rate of this...
  20. 2

    Total rate at which electrical energy is dissipated by resistors

    Homework Statement A resistor with R1 = 25.0Ω is connected to a battery that has negligible internal resistance and electrical energy is dissipated by R1 at a rate of 36.0W. If a second resistor R2 = 15.0Ω is connected in series with R1, what is the total rate at which electrical energy is...
  21. B

    Calculating Sampling Rate of Sinc Signals - Nyquist Rate

    I have tried calculating sampling rates for signals like sinc(200pi t). It was simple and I thought I understood until I cam across signals like sinc(200πt)*sinc2(400πt). I need help with finding sampling rate of these kind of signals and get a clear concept on the topic. Thanks in advance.
  22. Medicol

    Is Hiring Lawyers to Investigate Market Rates Considered Illegal?

    Is it illegal for a business company to hire lawyers to support in investigation of the current market rate (e.g employment, payment) of a particular field ? Also, is it illegal for a company to collect data on this and freely offer them to any other companies in need with a paid tip in return ?
  23. aditya ver.2.0

    Question regarding to acceleration in the rate of expansion of our cosmos

    Dark Energy is one of the primitive forces of cosmos, existing since early years after Big Bang and its noted that its still is accelerating the rate of expansion of our universe. My question is that what is the source of this mysteries force?People stay that it existed ever in the universe.So...
  24. T

    ADC/DAC Sample Rate and Reference Voltage

    I am currently working on a circuit design that is featuring both a ADC and DAC. I'll focus my question on the ADC in this thread. I'm trying to figure out what each pin does. Am I correct in assuming that the Vref pin on the an ADC chip is used as the maximum encoded value for a voltage? Say...
  25. K

    The first law of thermodynamics and the dry adiabatic lapse rate

    Say there is a parcel of air rising and cooling, what is going? Is it that the net kinetic energy (Temperature) of the parcel is distributed over the (new and larger) area/volume? Or Is it that the parcel is undertaking work as it presses outwards and so looses a corresponding amount of kinetic...
  26. H

    W=F.dx rate of change of x approaches to zero?

    In the integration of Force with respect to displacement (W=∫F.dx), is that true if the rate of change of displacement approaches to zero? My teacher said the one which approaches to zero is the rate of change of time. But If I arrange the formula, I will get F=dW/dx then F= lim Δx→0 ΔW/Δx...
  27. gfd43tg

    Rate law of elementary reaction

    Hello, I am working through some reaction engineering problems, and something in particular has caught my attention related more to chemistry I think than reaction engineering. Suppose we have a gas phase reaction ## A + 3B \rightarrow 2C ## If this is an elementary reaction, the rate law is...
  28. thegreengineer

    Derivative as a rate of change exercise

    Homework Statement A police car is parked 50 feet away from a wall. The police car siren spins at 30 revolutions per minute. What is the velocity the light moves through the wall when the beam forms angles of: a) α= 30°, b) α=60°, and c) α=70°? This is the diagram...
  29. H

    Diffusion Rate and Concentration

    So the rate of diffusion is dependent upon the speed of the molecules and the existence of a concentration gradient. What about the concentration of the particles themselves? Diffusion is dependent upon mean free path and concentration is inversely proportional to mean free path. So does...
  30. K

    Solving expansion rate for a variant of the Friedmann equation

    Homework Statement For the equation H^2 = \frac{8 \pi G \rho_m}{3} + \frac{H}{r_c} how do I find the value of H for scale factor a \rightarrow \infty , and show that H acts as though dominated by \Lambda (cosmological constant) ? Homework Equations \rho_m \propto \frac{1}{a^3} H > 0...
  31. C

    Flow rate loss due to pressure loss

    If I'm losing 30 psi every 20 seconds at a pump, how many gallons am I losing in that time frame? I don't really have a lot of information to go on, which is frustrating. I know the diameter of the pipe is 8" and there's a total length of 500 feet of the pipe. With this info I'm having trouble...
  32. gfd43tg

    Heat flow rate with non-constant k through plane wall

    Homework Statement Consider a large plane wall with thickness L whose thermal conductivity varies in a specified temperature range as k(T) = k_{0}(1 + \beta T) where ##k_{0}## and ##\beta## are two specified constants. The wall surface at ##x=0## is maintained at a constant temperature of...
  33. BondKing

    Time rate of change of air pressure

    Air pressure decreases at a rate of 2.5 pascals per kilometer in the eastward direction. In addition, the air pressure is increasing at a constant rate with respect to time everywhere. A ship sailing eastward at 10 km/hour past an island takes barometer readings and records a pressure drop of 30...
  34. G

    Calculating Rate of Heat Loss from Water

    Hi all, I have a (probably very simple) problem that I need some help with. If I have a body of water in which the temperature of the water, ambient air temperature and mass of the water is known; how do I calculate the rate of heat loss from the water? Using Q=m*cp*(Twater-Tair) I can find out...
  35. M

    MHB Rate of change when filling container

    The ans is 4. Could someone please help..thanks in advance. :)
  36. S

    Vasoconstriction (constricting blood vessel) and flow rate?

    I was wondering why when the blood vessels constricted the speed of the blood decreased? I thought that since the flow rate has to be the same, the volume of blood that reaches a smaller area from a bigger area will increase in speed and hence decrease in pressure? Perhaps is this due to the...
  37. H

    Adv. Functions: Rate of Change in Rational Functions

    Homework Statement mtan for f(x) = 5/√ 3x ... at x=1 Homework Equations msec = y2-y1 / x2-x1 The Attempt at a Solution The two points I got from the equation: (1, 5/√ 3) and (1+h, 5/√ 3+h) msec = f(1+h) - f(1) / h = (5/√ 3+h - 5/√ 3) / h ... multiply top and bottom by denominators (√ 3+h)...
  38. T

    How Do You Calculate the Changing Mass of a Sublimating Solid?

    Hi all, I am forced to step outside of my field to investigate a problem that might root in sublimation of solids. I am trying to calculate the mass (after a certain time) of a material that we know is sublimating at , say .000123 g/(cm^2 hr). Is it as simple as multiplying the rate by the...
  39. N

    Contact rate between individuals of different probability density functions

    Hi all, I'm interested in obtaining some measure of contact (or encounter) likelihood between two individuals, each is spatially distributed with some probability density function at time ##t## such that, Space use of individual 1 = ##u(\mathbf{x}, t)## Space use of individual 2 =...
  40. C

    How to find the volumetric flow rate?

    With a given 2kW pump That pumps a liquid with a density of 820kg/m³ from one tank to another that's 30m higher. With a calculated change in pressure to be 241.3kpa. Find the volumetric flow rate. I feel like there are not enough given variables for this problem. What do you think?
  41. M

    Find the critical rotation rate

    Homework Statement The tumbler in an upright clothes dryer rotates at a critical angular velocity so that clothes passing over the top briefly experience weightlessness. If the radius of the drum is 0.30 m, what is this critical rotation rate? (Express your answer in both radians per second...
  42. F

    Find heat loss given metabolic rate in a closed system

    Homework Statement A 60 kg person is exercising in the gym, doing external work at a rate of 200W. If they have an efficiency of 20%, calculate the rate of temperature increase of their body if none of this heat was able to be transferred to their surrounds. (a) 828 ◦C per hour. (b) 13.8 ◦C...
  43. gfd43tg

    Does the type of reactor affect the rate law in a chemical reaction?

    Hello, I noticed, when deriving rate laws, the assumption is that the reaction is happening in a batch reactor. Does the rate law of a chemical reaction change if put into some type of flow reactor? Thanks
  44. F

    Diffusion rate of oxygen through skin

    Homework Statement i) At rest a 70 kg person with an area of 1.7 m2 consumes around 14 litres of oxygen per hour. Around 2% of this is provided by diffusion through their skin. Calculate the diffusion rate for oxygen through human skin, in millilitres per second per square metre. ii) What...
  45. A

    Minimizing and optimization related rate problem

    I would like to ask for help solving this problem. I've been at this problem for a few hours without making any progress. There is a picture of the problem attached in this thread. So, the question is what is the length of side 'X' used in order to get the shortest possible length for side...
  46. T

    Volumetric flow rate through a pipe vented to atmosphere

    My chemical engineering is a little rusty after 25 years and I could use a little help with this real world problem. This isn't my project but I've been asked to advise. Sorry for the limited information. We have a 30 gallon tank with 75% hydrogen/25% nitrogen mixture at 100 psig. From the...
  47. M

    Calculating the Equivalent Dose Rate for an Unprotected Radiation Worker

    Homework Statement An unprotected radiation worker walks into a room which she knows is sometimes used to store high activity sources. She is unaware that, on that particular day, it contains an unshielded Co-60 γ source. The source is encapsulated in a material which filters out β...
  48. gfd43tg

    PFR Reaction Rate: Understanding CSTR vs. PFR

    Hello, In class, my professor said that in a CSTR, the reaction rate is constant throughout a well mixed CSTR. He said in most cases, a PFR will react faster than a CSTR. I can see how the PFR will have a fast reaction rate at the entrance to the tube, and slowest at the exit. However, what...
  49. N

    Compare rate of reaction of organic and inorganic compounds

    I want to ask the rate of reaction of organic compound is slower or higher than that of inorganic compound?? I have found an ansswer like that : The organic paricles are molecules. Because of strong covalent bonding within the molecule, organic compounds do not readily react. Reactions...
  50. R

    Calculation of sampling rate and its effect on an Image?

    I know that for a given signal, the sampling frequency Fs must be twice or more than maximum frequency of the signal Fm. It is easy to understand the concept for a 1D signal. But I don't know how to calculate sampling frequency or Nyquist rate for a 2D image. Also what is effect of...
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