An operational amplifier (often op amp or opamp) is a DC-coupled high-gain electronic voltage amplifier with a differential input and, usually, a single-ended output. In this configuration, an op amp produces an output potential (relative to circuit ground) that is typically 100,000 times larger than the potential difference between its input terminals. Operational amplifiers had their origins in analog computers, where they were used to perform mathematical operations in linear, non-linear, and frequency-dependent circuits.
The popularity of the op amp as a building block in analog circuits is due to its versatility. By using negative feedback, the characteristics of an op-amp circuit, its gain, input and output impedance, bandwidth etc. are determined by external components and have little dependence on temperature coefficients or engineering tolerance in the op amp itself.
Op amps are used widely in electronic devices today, including a vast array of consumer, industrial, and scientific devices. Many standard IC op amps cost only a few cents; however, some integrated or hybrid operational amplifiers with special performance specifications may cost over US$100 in small quantities. Op amps may be packaged as components or used as elements of more complex integrated circuits.
The op amp is one type of differential amplifier. Other types of differential amplifier include the fully differential amplifier (similar to the op amp, but with two outputs), the instrumentation amplifier (usually built from three op amps), the isolation amplifier (similar to the instrumentation amplifier, but with tolerance to common-mode voltages that would destroy an ordinary op amp), and negative-feedback amplifier (usually built from one or more op amps and a resistive feedback network).
COPYRIGHT strictly reserved to Prof. Dr. Nagendra Krishnapura and NPTEL, Govt. of India. Duplication Prohibited.
Lectures: http://www.nptel.ac.in/courses/117106030/
Syllabus: http://www.nptel.ac.in/syllabus/syllabus.php?subjectId=117106030
COPYRIGHT strictly reserved to Prof. Dr. Nagendra Krishnapura and NPTEL, Govt. of India. Duplication Prohibited.
Lectures: http://www.nptel.ac.in/courses/117106030/
Syllabus: http://www.nptel.ac.in/syllabus/syllabus.php?subjectId=117106030
COPYRIGHT strictly reserved to Prof. Dr. Nagendra Krishnapura and NPTEL, Govt. of India. Duplication Prohibited.
Lectures: http://www.nptel.ac.in/courses/117106030/
Syllabus: http://www.nptel.ac.in/syllabus/syllabus.php?subjectId=117106030
COPYRIGHT strictly reserved to Prof. Dr. Nagendra Krishnapura and NPTEL, Govt. of India. Duplication Prohibited.
Lectures: http://www.nptel.ac.in/courses/117106030/
Syllabus: http://www.nptel.ac.in/syllabus/syllabus.php?subjectId=117106030
COPYRIGHT strictly reserved to Prof. Dr. Nagendra Krishnapura and NPTEL, Govt. of India. Duplication Prohibited.
Lectures: http://www.nptel.ac.in/courses/117106030/
Syllabus: http://www.nptel.ac.in/syllabus/syllabus.php?subjectId=117106030
COPYRIGHT strictly reserved to Prof. Dr. Nagendra Krishnapura and NPTEL, Govt. of India. Duplication Prohibited.
Lectures: http://www.nptel.ac.in/courses/117106030/
Syllabus: http://www.nptel.ac.in/syllabus/syllabus.php?subjectId=117106030
COPYRIGHT strictly reserved to Prof. Dr. Nagendra Krishnapura and NPTEL, Govt. of India. Duplication Prohibited.
Lectures: http://www.nptel.ac.in/courses/117106030/
Syllabus: http://www.nptel.ac.in/syllabus/syllabus.php?subjectId=117106030
COPYRIGHT strictly reserved to Prof. Dr. Nagendra Krishnapura and NPTEL, Govt. of India. Duplication Prohibited.
Lectures: http://www.nptel.ac.in/courses/117106030/
Syllabus: http://www.nptel.ac.in/syllabus/syllabus.php?subjectId=117106030
COPYRIGHT strictly reserved to Prof. Dr. Nagendra Krishnapura and NPTEL, Govt. of India. Duplication Prohibited.
Lectures: http://www.nptel.ac.in/courses/117106030/
Syllabus: http://www.nptel.ac.in/syllabus/syllabus.php?subjectId=117106030
COPYRIGHT strictly reserved to Prof. Dr. Nagendra Krishnapura and NPTEL, Govt. of India. Duplication Prohibited.
Lectures: http://www.nptel.ac.in/courses/117106030/
Syllabus: http://www.nptel.ac.in/syllabus/syllabus.php?subjectId=117106030
COPYRIGHT strictly reserved to Prof. Dr. Nagendra Krishnapura and NPTEL, Govt. of India. Duplication Prohibited.
Lectures: http://www.nptel.ac.in/courses/117106030/
Syllabus: http://www.nptel.ac.in/syllabus/syllabus.php?subjectId=117106030
COPYRIGHT strictly reserved to Prof. Dr. Nagendra Krishnapura and NPTEL, Govt. of India. Duplication Prohibited.
Lectures: http://www.nptel.ac.in/courses/117106030/
Syllabus: http://www.nptel.ac.in/syllabus/syllabus.php?subjectId=117106030
COPYRIGHT strictly reserved to Prof. Dr. Nagendra Krishnapura and NPTEL, Govt. of India. Duplication Prohibited.
Lectures: http://www.nptel.ac.in/courses/117106030/
Syllabus: http://www.nptel.ac.in/syllabus/syllabus.php?subjectId=117106030
COPYRIGHT strictly reserved to Prof. Dr. Nagendra Krishnapura and NPTEL, Govt. of India. Duplication Prohibited.
Lectures: http://www.nptel.ac.in/courses/117106030/
Syllabus: http://www.nptel.ac.in/syllabus/syllabus.php?subjectId=117106030
COPYRIGHT strictly reserved to Prof. Dr. Nagendra Krishnapura and NPTEL, Govt. of India. Duplication Prohibited.
Lectures: http://www.nptel.ac.in/courses/117106030/
Syllabus: http://www.nptel.ac.in/syllabus/syllabus.php?subjectId=117106030
COPYRIGHT strictly reserved to Prof. Dr. Nagendra Krishnapura and NPTEL, Govt. of India. Duplication Prohibited.
Lectures: http://www.nptel.ac.in/courses/117106030/
Syllabus: http://www.nptel.ac.in/syllabus/syllabus.php?subjectId=117106030
COPYRIGHT strictly reserved to Prof. Dr. Nagendra Krishnapura and NPTEL, Govt. of India. Duplication Prohibited.
Lectures: http://www.nptel.ac.in/courses/117106030/
Syllabus: http://www.nptel.ac.in/syllabus/syllabus.php?subjectId=117106030
COPYRIGHT strictly reserved to Prof. Dr. Nagendra Krishnapura and NPTEL, Govt. of India. Duplication Prohibited.
Lectures: http://www.nptel.ac.in/courses/117106030/
Syllabus: http://www.nptel.ac.in/syllabus/syllabus.php?subjectId=117106030
COPYRIGHT strictly reserved to Prof. Dr. Nagendra Krishnapura and NPTEL, Govt. of India. Duplication Prohibited.
Lectures: http://www.nptel.ac.in/courses/117106030/
Syllabus: http://www.nptel.ac.in/syllabus/syllabus.php?subjectId=117106030
COPYRIGHT strictly reserved to Prof. Dr. Nagendra Krishnapura and NPTEL, Govt. of India. Duplication Prohibited.
Lectures: http://www.nptel.ac.in/courses/117106030/
Syllabus: http://www.nptel.ac.in/syllabus/syllabus.php?subjectId=117106030
COPYRIGHT strictly reserved to Prof. Dr. Nagendra Krishnapura and NPTEL, Govt. of India. Duplication Prohibited.
Lectures: http://www.nptel.ac.in/courses/117106030/
Syllabus: http://www.nptel.ac.in/syllabus/syllabus.php?subjectId=117106030
COPYRIGHT strictly reserved to Prof. Dr. Nagendra Krishnapura and NPTEL, Govt. of India. Duplication Prohibited.
Lectures: http://www.nptel.ac.in/courses/117106030/
Syllabus: http://www.nptel.ac.in/syllabus/syllabus.php?subjectId=117106030
COPYRIGHT strictly reserved to Prof. Dr. Nagendra Krishnapura and NPTEL, Govt. of India. Duplication Prohibited.
Lectures: http://www.nptel.ac.in/courses/117106030/
Syllabus: http://www.nptel.ac.in/syllabus/syllabus.php?subjectId=117106030
COPYRIGHT strictly reserved to Prof. Dr. Nagendra Krishnapura and NPTEL, Govt. of India. Duplication Prohibited.
Lectures: http://www.nptel.ac.in/courses/117106030/
Syllabus: http://www.nptel.ac.in/syllabus/syllabus.php?subjectId=117106030
COPYRIGHT strictly reserved to Prof. Dr. Nagendra Krishnapura and NPTEL, Govt. of India. Duplication Prohibited.
Lectures: http://www.nptel.ac.in/courses/117106030/
Syllabus: http://www.nptel.ac.in/syllabus/syllabus.php?subjectId=117106030
COPYRIGHT strictly reserved to Prof. Dr. Nagendra Krishnapura and NPTEL, Govt. of India. Duplication Prohibited.
Lectures: http://www.nptel.ac.in/courses/117106030/
Syllabus: http://www.nptel.ac.in/syllabus/syllabus.php?subjectId=117106030
COPYRIGHT strictly reserved to Prof. Dr. Nagendra Krishnapura and NPTEL, Govt. of India. Duplication Prohibited.
Lectures: http://www.nptel.ac.in/courses/117106030/
Syllabus: http://www.nptel.ac.in/syllabus/syllabus.php?subjectId=117106030
COPYRIGHT strictly reserved to Prof. Dr. Nagendra Krishnapura and NPTEL, Govt. of India. Duplication Prohibited.
Lectures: http://www.nptel.ac.in/courses/117106030/
Syllabus: http://www.nptel.ac.in/syllabus/syllabus.php?subjectId=117106030
COPYRIGHT strictly reserved to Prof. Dr. Nagendra Krishnapura and NPTEL, Govt. of India. Duplication Prohibited.
Lectures: http://www.nptel.ac.in/courses/117106030/
Syllabus: http://www.nptel.ac.in/syllabus/syllabus.php?subjectId=117106030
COPYRIGHT strictly reserved to Prof. Dr. Nagendra Krishnapura and NPTEL, Govt. of India. Duplication Prohibited.
Lectures: http://www.nptel.ac.in/courses/117106030/
Syllabus: http://www.nptel.ac.in/syllabus/syllabus.php?subjectId=117106030
COPYRIGHT strictly reserved to Prof. Dr. Nagendra Krishnapura and NPTEL, Govt. of India. Duplication Prohibited.
Lectures: http://www.nptel.ac.in/courses/117106030/
Syllabus: http://www.nptel.ac.in/syllabus/syllabus.php?subjectId=117106030
COPYRIGHT strictly reserved to Prof. Dr. Nagendra Krishnapura and NPTEL, Govt. of India. Duplication Prohibited.
Lectures: http://www.nptel.ac.in/courses/117106030/
Syllabus: http://www.nptel.ac.in/syllabus/syllabus.php?subjectId=117106030
COPYRIGHT strictly reserved to Prof. Dr. Nagendra Krishnapura and NPTEL, Govt. of India. Duplication Prohibited.
Lectures: http://www.nptel.ac.in/courses/117106030/
Syllabus: http://www.nptel.ac.in/syllabus/syllabus.php?subjectId=117106030
COPYRIGHT strictly reserved to Prof. Dr. Nagendra Krishnapura and NPTEL, Govt. of India. Duplication Prohibited.
Lectures: http://www.nptel.ac.in/courses/117106030/
Syllabus: http://www.nptel.ac.in/syllabus/syllabus.php?subjectId=117106030
COPYRIGHT strictly reserved to Prof. Dr. Nagendra Krishnapura and NPTEL, Govt. of India. Duplication Prohibited.
Lectures: http://www.nptel.ac.in/courses/117106030/
Syllabus: http://www.nptel.ac.in/syllabus/syllabus.php?subjectId=117106030
COPYRIGHT strictly reserved to Prof. Dr. Nagendra Krishnapura and NPTEL, Govt. of India. Duplication Prohibited.
Lectures: http://www.nptel.ac.in/courses/117106030/
Syllabus: http://www.nptel.ac.in/syllabus/syllabus.php?subjectId=117106030
COPYRIGHT strictly reserved to Prof. Dr. Nagendra Krishnapura and NPTEL, Govt. of India. Duplication Prohibited.
Lectures: http://www.nptel.ac.in/courses/117106030/
Syllabus: http://www.nptel.ac.in/syllabus/syllabus.php?subjectId=117106030
COPYRIGHT strictly reserved to Prof. Dr. Nagendra Krishnapura and NPTEL, Govt. of India. Duplication Prohibited.
Lectures: http://www.nptel.ac.in/courses/117106030/
Syllabus: http://www.nptel.ac.in/syllabus/syllabus.php?subjectId=117106030
COPYRIGHT strictly reserved to Prof. Dr. Nagendra Krishnapura and NPTEL, Govt. of India. Duplication Prohibited.
Lectures: http://www.nptel.ac.in/courses/117106030/
Syllabus: http://www.nptel.ac.in/syllabus/syllabus.php?subjectId=117106030
COPYRIGHT strictly reserved to Prof. Dr. Nagendra Krishnapura and NPTEL, Govt. of India. Duplication Prohibited.
Lectures: http://www.nptel.ac.in/courses/117106030/
Syllabus: http://www.nptel.ac.in/syllabus/syllabus.php?subjectId=117106030
COPYRIGHT strictly reserved to Prof. Dr. Nagendra Krishnapura and NPTEL, Govt. of India. Duplication Prohibited.
Lectures: http://www.nptel.ac.in/courses/117106030/
Syllabus: http://www.nptel.ac.in/syllabus/syllabus.php?subjectId=117106030
COPYRIGHT strictly reserved to Prof. Dr. Nagendra Krishnapura and NPTEL, Govt. of India. Duplication Prohibited.
Lectures: http://www.nptel.ac.in/courses/117106030/
Syllabus: http://www.nptel.ac.in/syllabus/syllabus.php?subjectId=117106030
Homework Statement
[/B]
Homework Equations
T = Time constant x ln [span/remainder]
The Attempt at a Solution
a)[/B] The trigger pulse must have a negative polarity and an amplitude greater than 1V. V+ is at 0V in the stable state. By using these conditions for a triggering pulses, it...
So I've been reading an intro book to electronics and I got to a section about operational amplifiers. It talks about different uses of them and how they can be used as comparators. It then talks about a specific comparator called a window comparator which will output a positive voltage if the...
Homework Statement
I am doing a little bit of research about op amps. What i know so far from the book it that op amp have a very large open loop gain. To reduce the gain to desired amount we need resistor which connect output to invering terminal(negative feedback).
Homework...
Homework Statement
Homework EquationsThe Attempt at a Solution
Output voltage and output current of an OP-Amp
Taking the OP-Amp as an ideal OP-Amp, the voltage at terminal 1 is 0 with respect to ground.
The voltage at B is ## V_B = - 0.5 V ##
## i_{in} ## is from A to B.
There is...
Homework Statement
[/B]
Select (with justification) from the op-amps listed in TABLE A those which are NOT suitable for use as the active component in the filter of (a) above.
Homework EquationsThe Attempt at a Solution
Currently The only Op amp I see that is not suitable is TLV2721 due to...
Homework Statement
Finding closed loop gain and Ip and In current in op amp
Homework Equations
-
The Attempt at a Solution
I started by trying getting voltage divider for points between R1 and R2 as (R2/(R2+R1))Vs and between R4 and R5 similarly. And I'm not sure how to continue on. Any help...
Picture for reference is below.
I'm confused as to how this is able to receive a differential voltage of +/- from a single power supply. (Yes, I know the picture says dual power supply.)
Normally I have to short the negative to ground on one side of a dual power supply, and short the positive...
Homework Statement
Homework EquationsThe Attempt at a Solution
I'm really unsure of what to do. I feel like Vs should not be equal to Vo. I am not sure if I have the right idea with the equations that I have written. I am confused because I don't know the value for omega. Can someone help...